Biogas in the biobased economy Conference of the European Biogas Associa4on, Egmond aan Zee Netherlands, October 1st 2014. Prof. Dr. André P.C. Faaij Academic Director Energy Academy Europe Dis4nguished Professor Energy System Analysis – University of Groningen
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The importance of renewable energy resources in the long-term energy strategy of The Netherlands in general and the Energy Valley Region in Particular - Prof. Dr. André P.C. Faaij
Presentation given at the Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014.
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Biogas in the biobased economy Conference of the European Biogas Associa4on, Egmond aan Zee
-‐ Netherlands, October 1st 2014.
Prof. Dr. André P.C. Faaij Academic Director -‐ Energy Academy Europe
Dis4nguished Professor Energy System Analysis – University of Groningen
• Center of excellence in energy educa4on/research/innova4on • Focus on transi4on to sustainable, reliable and affordable energy.
– Renewables (wind, solar etc.) – Energy efficiency (including energy water and food) – Gas (including biogas, green gas) – C0₂ reduc4on – Smart grids
• Open to all interested students, organiza4ons and businesses • Public / Private ini4a4ve of: Hanze University of Applied Sciences,
University of Groningen, GasTerra , Energy Valley and EBN
What is the Energy Academy Europe?
Top Research
Applied research/ innova4on
Educa4on (focus on interdisciplinary)
Stakeholders/IAB, Fall 2014 2015 2022
!! Interlinkages & matching stakeholder dialogue; demand & supply With respect to research, educa?on, innova?on… !!
Partners
EnTranCe Building 2000 m2 realized per sept/oct 2014
Building Energy Academy 10.000 m2, completed end of 2015
• > 400 energy companies • > 30.000 employees in
the energy sector • Increase in energy
students from 300 to 3.000 yearly in 10 years 4me
Contact us: • Academic Director André Faaij (as per 1-‐4-‐2014) • Managing Director Bert Wiersema • [email protected]; [email protected] • www.energyacademy.org
Become a partner!
Energy system transforma?on…
[GEA/van Vuuren et al CoSust, 2012]
Advancing markets…pushed by technological progress and pulled
by high oil prices • Advanced biofuels…(strong economic perspec4ve)
• Biorefining, biochemicals, biomaterials… • Avia4on and shipping… • Likely to compete for the same resources… • Should meet the same sustainability criteria…(but that is not the case today!)
• Compe44on or synergy?
Biobased economy in the Netherlands?
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Totaal hernieuwbaar
Hernieuwbaar overig
Zonnecollectoren, geothermie
Wind, PV, Hydro
Water
Wind
Zon PV
Biomassa
Totaal Tradi4oneel
Kernenergie
Gas
Olie
Kolen
CO2-‐emissions rise
Historic tren
d
CO2-‐emissions decline
Netherlands; possible future energy supply (PJ per year)
2009 2015 2020 (pellets) Low Import High Import Low Import High Import Total trade (Mtoe) 1.6 5.4 6.2 12.6 17.4 Total trade (Mt wood pellet eq.)* 3.8 12 14 29 40 Of which Intra-EU 55% 38% 32% 52% 32% Of which Inter-EU 45% 62% 68% 48% 68% *) Mt eq. = million metric tonne pellet equivalent (18 MJ/kg)
[Hoefnagels et al, applied energy , 2014]
Results -‐ spa4al produc4on poten4al
Arable land available for dedicated bio-‐energy crops divided by the total land
Countries
Low potential
High potential
Moderate potential
< 6,5%
NL, BE, LU, AT, CH, NO, SE and FI
Potential
6,5% - 17%
FR, ES, PT, GE, UK, DK, IE, IT and GR
> 17% PL, LT, LV, HU, SL, SK, CZ, EST, RO, BU and UKR
[Wit & Faaij, Biomass & Bioenergy, 2010]
Results -‐ spa4al cost distribu4on
Produc4on cost (€ GJ-‐1) for Grassy crops
PL, PT, CZ, LT, LV, UK, RO, BU, HU, SL, SK, EST, UKR
FR, ES, GE, IT, SE, FI, NO, IE
NL, BE, LU, UK, GR, DK, CH, AT
< 2,00 Low Cost
Moderate Cost
2,00 – 3,20
> 3,20 High Cost
Potential Countries
[Wit & Faaij, Biomass & Bioenergy, 2010]
1 EJ (ExaJoule) = 24 Mtoe
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J)
Oil
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J) Starch
Oil
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J) Starch
OilSugar
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J)
Wood
Starch
OilSugar
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J)
GrassWood
Starch
OilSugar
Summary baseline 2030
0369
1215182124
0 6 12 18Supply (EJ/year)
Prod
uctio
n C
osts
(€/G
J)
GrassWood
Starch
OilSugar
GrassWood
1st generation
2nd generation
Crop specific supply curves • Feedstock poten4als Produced
on 65 Mha arable and 24 Mha on pastures (grass and wood)
• Significant difference between ‘1st and 2nd genera4on crops’
• Supply poten4als high compared to demand
2010 (0,78 EJ/yr) and 2020 (1,48 EJ/yr)
[Wit & Faaij, Biomass & Bioenergy, 2010]
Economic and Environmental viability of Advanced Biomass Conversion Pathways
Range of LCOE for selected commercially available RE technologies compared to recent
non-‐RE costs.
[IPCC-‐SRREN, 2011]
Cost ranges various current bioenergy systems.
[IPCC-‐SRREN, 2011]
Projected produc?on costs es?mated for selected developing technologies
[IPCC-‐SRREN, 2011]
Bio-‐SNG
General outline of possible bioSNG produc4on systems via gasifica4on
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
Schema4c of the Milena gasifica4on process
BioSNG produc4on process based on Milena system
Rela4ve primary energy loss of bioSNG produc4on across selected scenarios
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Rela?v
e prim
ary en
ergy loss (%
)
Scenario
Compression
Regasifica4on
Liquefac4on
Conversion
Pipeline
Ship
Rail
Pelle4sing
Milling
Torrefac4on
Drying
Chipping
Truck
Feedstock
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
BioSNG produc?on costs compared to natural gas prices, oil and biodiesel
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
Impact of scaling the Milena and Güssing technologies
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Specific investmen
t costs ($
/MWth, in)
Fuel capacity (MWth, in)
Milena Güssing
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
BioSNG delivered costs at different produc?on scales for selected chains
The produc4on capacity (in MWth, in) is given in brackets for each supply chain
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
Scale effects on bioSNG produc?on costs for selected supply chains
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
10 50 100 250 500 1000
Cost of d
elivered
SNG ($
/GJ C
NG)
SNG produc?on capacity (MWth,in)
Braz-‐coast Braz-‐pipeline NL-‐TOPs-‐Braz NL-‐WPs-‐Braz Ukrn-‐pipeline Biodiesel low Biodiesel high Oil low Oil high
[Ba?dzirai et al., Applied Energy, forthcoming]
Final remarks • Biomass cri4cal pillar of future world’s energy supply when mi4ga4on of GHG-‐emissions is to be addressed.
• Equally important for NL; heavily reliant on imports (European poten4als considerable).
• Biogas amongst the poten4al winners, but future biomass deployment depends on many factors.
• Bio-‐SNG has very good perspec4ves, but competes with advanced biofuels and biomaterials.
Selected references.
• B. Ba4dzirai, G.S. Schotman, M.W. van der Spek, M.J. Junginger, A.P.C. Faaij, Economic and Energe-c Op-misa-on of BioSNG Produc-on and Supply Chains (accepted; Applied Energy, 2014).
• R Hoefnagels, G Resch, M Junginger, A Faaij, Interna-onal and domes-c uses of solid biofuels under different renewable energy support scenarios in the European Union, Applied Energy, Volume 131, October 2014, Pp. 139-‐157
• Marc de Wit, André Faaij, European biomass resource poten-al and costs, Biomass and Bioenergy, Volume 34, Issue 2, February 2010, Pages 188-‐202
• Ric Hoefnagels, Mar4n Banse, Veronika Dornburg, Andre Faaij, Macro-‐economic impact of large-‐scale deployment of biomass resources for energy and materials on a na-onal level—A combined approach for the Netherlands, Energy Policy,Volume 59, August 2013, Pages 727-‐744
• H. Chum, A. Faaij, et al., (CLA’s), Chapter 2, Bioenergy. In: Oymar Edenhofer, Ramón Pichs Madruga, Youba Sokona et al. (eds.) The IPCC Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mi4ga4on, Cambridge University Press, New York, ISBN 978-‐1-‐107-‐60710-‐12011. Pp. 209-‐332