IIFET 2014 Australia Conference Proceedings 1 THE IMPORTANCE OF MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHING IN SHANGHAI 1 CHEN Ye 2 (College of Economies & Management, Shanghai Ocean University) Abstract Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition. Recreational fishing can advance fisheries technology and benefits related industries. Recreational fishing can also diversify and increase the income of fishermen. Recreational fishing promotes mutual understanding between urban dwellers and fishermen, which is important to “Harmonious Society”. Last but not least, recreational fishing can raise ordinary people’s awareness of the importance of environment protection and territorial waters, which is especially important after China outlined the "maritime power strategy” in 2012. Shanghai, the most modern city in China, is just beside East China Sea (Shanghai means “Upon-the-Sea” in Chinese language). Shanghai is also the birthplace of China’s tourism industry. Shanghainese spent a lot of money on tourism annually. Recreational fishing has the potential to be a big and profitable industry in Shanghai. As people’s income increases, the value of recreational fishing in Shanghai will became more obvious. To order to promote the development of marine recreational fishing, the municipal governance of Shanghai should cooperate with neighboring provinces, set up laws and regulation and promote the development of related industries. Key Words: marine recreational fishing Shanghai What is Marine Recreational Fishing? Recreational fishing, also called sport fisheries, is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival. The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits. When location of creational fishing goes to sea, it becomes marine recreational fishing. Marine recreational fishing is very important to civilization. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries appreciates that recreational fishing is part of the history and fabric of American nation and wants to continue to improve upon this great tradition. Fishing has always been an important social activity promoting stronger families and communities, providing both employment and a way of life for many, and serving as a large economic driver at all levels—locally, regionally, and nationally. Recent estimates indicate there are approximately 12 million saltwater recreational anglers taking about 85 million trips a year. Combined, expenditures total $31 billion dollars, representing an $82 billion dollar impact and supporting half a million jobs. Just as important is the legacy of recreational fishermen as conservationists concerned about the health and sustainability of the marine environment. By practicing catch and release techniques,
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THE IMPORTANCE OF MARINE RECREATIONAL FISHING IN SHANGHAI
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IIFET 2014 Australia Conference Proceedings
1
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARINE RECREATIONAL
FISHING IN SHANGHAI1
CHEN Ye2
(College of Economies & Management, Shanghai Ocean University)
Abstract
Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition. Recreational
fishing can advance fisheries technology and benefits related industries. Recreational fishing can
also diversify and increase the income of fishermen. Recreational fishing promotes mutual
understanding between urban dwellers and fishermen, which is important to “Harmonious Society”.
Last but not least, recreational fishing can raise ordinary people’s awareness of the importance of
environment protection and territorial waters, which is especially important after China outlined the
"maritime power strategy” in 2012. Shanghai, the most modern city in China, is just beside East
China Sea (Shanghai means “Upon-the-Sea” in Chinese language). Shanghai is also the birthplace of
China’s tourism industry. Shanghainese spent a lot of money on tourism annually. Recreational
fishing has the potential to be a big and profitable industry in Shanghai. As people’s income
increases, the value of recreational fishing in Shanghai will became more obvious. To order to
promote the development of marine recreational fishing, the municipal governance of Shanghai
should cooperate with neighboring provinces, set up laws and regulation and promote the
development of related industries.
Key Words: marine recreational fishing Shanghai
What is Marine Recreational Fishing?
Recreational fishing, also called sport fisheries, is fishing for pleasure or competition. It can be
contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is
fishing for survival. The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line,
hooks and any one of a wide range of baits. When location of creational fishing goes to sea, it
becomes marine recreational fishing.
Marine recreational fishing is very important to civilization. The National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Fisheries appreciates that recreational fishing is part of the
history and fabric of American nation and wants to continue to improve upon this great tradition.
Fishing has always been an important social activity promoting stronger families and communities,
providing both employment and a way of life for many, and serving as a large economic driver at all
levels—locally, regionally, and nationally. Recent estimates indicate there are approximately 12
million saltwater recreational anglers taking about 85 million trips a year. Combined, expenditures
total $31 billion dollars, representing an $82 billion dollar impact and supporting half a million jobs.
Just as important is the legacy of recreational fishermen as conservationists concerned about the
health and sustainability of the marine environment. By practicing catch and release techniques,
IIFET 2014 Australia Conference Proceedings
2
advocating for and participating in the development of better fisheries data and science, improving
habitat, and engaging in the policy process, recreational anglers continue to effect positive change
and ensure their voice is heard3.
In traditional Chinese culture, the fishermen were always compared to hermits because of their
free way of live. Many poems were written and paintings were painted to extol the life of fishermen.
The Benefits of the Marine Recreational Fishing in China
Benefiting the Development of Related Industries
Developing marine recreational fishing industry involve in the advance in other related
industries. Without advanced ships, the fisheries industry will not be sophisticated. The demand from
the marine recreational fishing consumers put up the demand for high-tech fishing or related
technology and equipment.
Oceanology International, the Asia’s Premier event for marine science and ocean technology,
was held in Shanghai 3-5 September, 2013. Lots of advanced fishing equipments were displayed in
the show. Oceanology International won lots of visters.
Fig.1: Oceanology International in Shanghai
Diversifying and Increasing the Income of Fishermen
China is a developing nation; even ordinary people can only earn a mere income, let alone the
fishermen. With the deterioration of natural resources in the sea, it becomes more and more difficult
for Chinese fishermen to catch fish there. According to our survey in Lusi, a fishing village in
Jiangsu Provence, it only need one day for the fishermen to catch a ship of fish in the past, but it
takes near a week for the fishermen to catch a ship of fish now. With the decline in the amount of
fish that the fishermen caught, their income decline. In order to protect the fish species, Chinese
government has issues many rules and regulations to limit the amount of fish caught, which push the
fishermen into even worsen situation. The fishermen must find new ways to win their breads, and
they face the challenge of transformation. Some fishermen turned to recreational fishing. The
IIFET 2014 Australia Conference Proceedings
3
recreational fishing industry, especially marine recreational fishing, booms these years. Marine
recreational fishing creates many new jobs opportunities for Chinese fishermen.
Promoting Mutual Understanding between Urban Dwellers and Fishermen
There is a huge income gap within China. The city dwellers enjoy a much higher income than
the rural counterparts. The easterners have a higher income than the westerners. It is called
“urban-rural dual structure” in academic community. Even in Shanghai, the most modern city in
China, there still exits a big unbalance of wealth. The incomes of the people living in suburbs and
getting income from agriculture sector industry are much less than the incomes of the people living
in the downtown areas and working in the second or third industry.
TableⅠ: The Annual Per Capita Disposable Income Difference between urban and rural households
(RMB )
Year Urban Households Rural Households Year Urban Households Rural Households
2012 26959 7916.6 1996 4844.8 1926.1
2011 23979.2 6977.3 1995 4288.1 1577.7
2010 21033.4 5919 1994 3502.3 1221
2009 18858.1 5153.2 1993 2583.2 921.6
2008 17067.8 4760.6 1992 2031.5 784
2007 14908.6 4140.4 1991 1713.1 708.6
2006 12719.2 3587 1989 1387.8 601.5
2005 11320.8 3254.9 1988 1192.1 544.9
2004 10128.5 2936.4 1987 1012.2 462.6
2003 9061.2 2622.2 1986 910 423.8
2002 8177.4 2475.6 1985 748.9 397.6
2001 6907.1 2366.4 1984 660.1 355.3
2000 6295.9 2253.4 1983 572.9 309.8
1999 5888.8 2210.3 1982 535.3 270.1
1998 5458.3 2162 1981 500.4 223.4
1997 5188.5 2090.1
Source:National Bureau of Statistics Website:http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/
Besides economic gap between urban and rural, there is misunderstanding between these two
groups, which has more bad effects. For example, the urban believe that the rural are dirty and rude
and the rural believe that the urban are cunning and arrogant, which may become the obstacle for
developing “Harmonious Society”. The government determines to set up a new type of
industry-agriculture and urban-rural relations in which the industrial sector promotes agriculture,
urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and urban and
rural development is integrated4.
Major of participants of the creational fishing are come from cities. Marine creational fishing
can works as bridge between the urban and the rural. In 1954 social scientist, Gordon W. Allport
developed the contact hypothesis, also known as intergroup contact theory. According to the theory,
under appropriate conditions interpersonal contact is one of the most effective ways to reduce
1 Supported by Shanghai Ocean University PhD Research Startup Project “Ocean and Evolution of
Modern Shanghai Industries” (A-0209-13-0105398)(上海海洋大学校博士科研启动基金项目“海
洋与近代上海产业演进研究”(编号:A-0209-13-0105398)规划项目成果) 2 Email address:[email protected] 3 NOAA: Recreational Fisheries Year in Review 2012. 4 China to balance urban, rural development, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-11/15/c_132892185.htm 5 Shelley E. Taylor, Letitia Anne Peplau, David O. Sears: Social Psychology (11th ed), Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, c2003,p198-199. 6 D. Matthew Masseya, Stephen C. Newbolda,Brad Gentner:Valuing water quality changes using a bioeconomic model of a coastal recreational fishery,Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 52 (2006) 482–500 7 Matteo Ricci, S.J. was an Italian Jesuit priest, and one of the founding figures of the Jesuit China Mission, as it existed in the 17th–18th centuries. His current title is Servant of God. 8 NOAA: Recreational Fisheries Year in Review 2012. 9 Li Gonghao, The Rise of Shanghai: from a fishing village to an international metropolis, Shanghai University Press, 2010, P4. 10 Jinshanzui Fishing Village Website: http://www.jszyucun.com/html/ 11 NOAA Fisheries Website:http://sero.nmfs.noaa.gov/recreational_fishing/index.html