The Impact of Malaria on Pregnant Women.

Eric Adjei, MPH StudentWalden University

November, 2010

Agenda

Overview of malaria

Malaria during pregnancy

Prevention and Control

Summary

Expected Learning Outcomes

Appreciate the danger of malaria in pregnancy

Protect yourself and the unborn child

Access antenatal care

Overview of Malaria

Definition

Causative organism Plasmodium parasites

World Health Organization (2010). Current Global Malaria Situation. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_892.pdf

Cont.

Mode of transmission

Female Anopheles mosquitoes

Influential factors

World Health Organization (2010). Current Global Malaria Situation. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_892.pdf

Cont.

Significance

Most Vulnerable segment of the population Pregnant women

Children

World Health Organization (2010). Current Global Malaria Situation. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_892.pdf

Malaria During Pregnancy

Lives at risk Pregnant women

Most common causative parasite P. falciparum

Gajida, A. U., Iliyasu, Z., Zoakah, A. I. ( 2010). Malaria among antenatal clients attending primary health care facilities in Kano state, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 9(3),188-193. DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.68352

Newman, R.D., Robalo, M., Quakyi, I. ( 2004). Malaria during pregnancy: epidemiology, current prevention strategies, and future directions. Emerg Infect

Dis [serial on the Internet]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0624_09.htm

Cont. Effects on Maternal health

Anaemia Still birth Premature delivery Neonatal death Placental malaria

Newman, R.D., Robalo, M., Quakyi, I. ( 2004). Malaria during pregnancy: epidemiology, current prevention strategies, and future directions. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0624_09.htm

World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Cont.

Effects on infant health Intrauterine growth retardation Prematurity Abortion Congenital infection

Marchesini, P., Crawley, J. (2004). WHO: Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy. Retrieved from

http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/merajan2003.pdf World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Prevention and Control of Malaria During Pregnancy

Different preventive measures

Marchesini, P., Crawley, J. (2004). WHO: Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/merajan2003.pdf

World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Cont.

Areas of low or unstable transmission

Anti-malaria drug

Appropriate supportive treatment

Marchesini, P., Crawley, J. (2004). WHO: Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/merajan2003.pdf

Cont.

Areas of high or stable transmission

Intermittent preventive treatment

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine

Insecticide treated bed nets

Newman, R.D., Robalo, M., Quakyi, I. ( 2004). Malaria during pregnancy: epidemiology, current prevention strategies, and future directions. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0624_09.htm

World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Cont. Effective case management of malaria illness and anaemia

Iron supplementation

Screening for anaemia

World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Conclusion

Malaria infection can be fatal

Malaria poses a threat to pregnant women

Malaria is preventable

Thank You

References World Health Organization (2010). Current Global Malaria Situation. Retrieved from

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/WHO_TRS_892.pdf

Gajida, A. U., Iliyasu, Z., Zoakah, A. I. ( 2010). Malaria among antenatal clients attending primary health care facilities in Kano state, Nigeria. Annals of African Medicine, 9(3),188-193. DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.68352

Newman, R.D., Robalo, M., Quakyi, I. ( 2004). Malaria during pregnancy:

epidemiology, current prevention strategies, and future directions. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. Available from http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no11/04-0624_09.htm

World Health Organization (2004). A strategic framework for malaria prevention and

control during pregnancy in the African region. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/afro/2004/AFR_MAL_04.01.pdf

Marchesini, P., Crawley, J. (2004). WHO: Reducing the burden of malaria in pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/atoz/merajan2003.pdf

Cont.World Health Organization (2010)

. Third meeting of the rbm partnership malaria in pregnancy. Retrieved from http://rbm.who.int/partnership/wg/wg_pregnancy/docs/MPWG_3MeetingMinutes.pdf

Sources for Further ReadingHelen, L. G.& Robert, W. S. ( 2004). Impact of Malaria during Pregnancy on

Low BirthWeight in Sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical Microbiology, 17(4), 760-769. DOI:10.1128/CMR.17.4.760-769.2004. Retrieved from http://cmr.asm.org/cgi/content/full/17/4/760?view=long&pmid=1548 9346

UNICEF (2009). Health- Malaria. Retrieved from http://www.unicef.org/health/index_malaria.html

USAID (2009). Infectious Disease: Malaria in Pregnancy. Retrieved from http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/id/malaria/techareas/pregnancy.html

Centres for Disease Control and Prevention ( 2010). Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria for Pregnant Women (IPTp). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/reduction/iptp.html