The Impact of Competence and Benevolence in a Computational Model of Trust Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat University of Amsterdam [email protected]July 11, 2018 Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam) The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 1 / 18
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The Impact of Competence and Benevolence in aComputational Model of Trust
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat
Consider different stages of relationships between each pair (trusteeand trustor)
Estimate trustworthiness in a dynamic way by taking intoconsideration the situation and the development of the relationship.
Use the available evidence to the trustee by considering differentsituations to estimate the trustee’s benevolence and competence.
Use an Agent-Based Model
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 4 / 18
Trust
Inter-organizational trust: as the expectation held by one firm thatanother will not exploit its vulnerabilities when faced with theopportunity to do so.
demonstrate competence relate to the potential ability of theevaluated entity to do a given task,
act accordingly to fulfill the commitments even when acting on themis not in self-interest and accept the consequences, and
do good and act out of kindness even if unforeseen contingenciesarise.
Trustworiness’ Factors
Competence
Integrity
Benevolence
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 5 / 18
Hypothesis
The extraction of benevolence-competence based information from theset of evidence on the trustee under evaluation and its use in adequatestages of the relationship between truster and trustee shows thattrustee’s trust- worthiness improves by increasing the number ofinteractions between trustor and trustee.
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 6 / 18
Notation
Table: Basic Notation
Description Representation Value Range
Agent x,yAll the situations SSituations α, β ∈ SSociety of Agents x , y ∈ AAll the situations STasks tContext D1 = d1, d2, ...d8
d8 FD, FDD, V 1, 0.5,0Trust x on y in the situation S Tx(y , S) [0,1]All the available evidence on y E (∗, y) [0,1]All the available direct evidence on y E (x , y) [0,1]
d8= OutcomeAmeneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 7 / 18
Social Computational Trust Model
BenevolenceEvaluation Function
Ben(x,y)
Trustworthiness Evaluation Function
TW(x,y)
Trust
T(x,y)
E(x,y)
Ex(*,y)
Ben(x,y)
TW(x,y)
T(x,y)
CompetenceEvaluation Function
Com (x,y)
Current Situation
(S), Context
Com(x,y)
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 8 / 18
Trustworthiness Function: Benevolence
Benevolence(x ,y) ∈ [0, 1]
Ben(x ,y) =1
|Sa|∑E(x,y)
(val(E(x ,y))). (1)
aWhere S is the set of situations, in which x has interactions with y .
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 9 / 18
Trustworthiness Function: Competence
Competence(x ,y) ∈ [0, 1]
There is no evidence available from the trustee.
Risk =Cost × (1− Pra)
benefit × Pr, (2)
Situation β: there are some evidence but not for the consideredcontext.
Com =1
|N|∑β∈N
(val(E∗,y )× T̂x(y , β)b), (3)
T̂x(y , β) = 1 / |N|∑
β∈N T(x ,y).
Situation α: there is related evidence about the agent in this context.
Com =1
|N|∑α∈N
(val(E∗,y )), (4)
awhere Pr is the probability of performing the task by the given trustee.bwhere T̂x (y, β) denotes the basic trust and β is the set of all situations.
Ameneh Deljoo, Tom van Engers, Leon Gommand and Cees de Laat (University of Amsterdam)The impact of Benevolence and Competence July 11, 2018 10 / 18
Calculate Trustworthiness Algorithm
Algorithm 1 Calculate TW(x ,y)
Require: E(∗,y): the set of all evidence about trustee y .Require: Nben = 2: minimum interaction between trustee and trustor.Ensure: E(x ,y) /∈ E(∗,y)