The Immune System • Overview Overview – Systems involved Systems involved – Cells involved Cells involved • Non-specific Immunity Non-specific Immunity • Specific Immunity Specific Immunity – Antibodies Antibodies – Complement Complement – Immunology Tutorial Immunology Tutorial
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The Immune System OverviewOverview –Systems involved –Cells involved Non-specific ImmunityNon-specific Immunity Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity –Antibodies.
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The Immune SystemThe Immune System
• OverviewOverview– Systems involvedSystems involved– Cells involvedCells involved
• Non-specific ImmunityNon-specific Immunity
• Specific ImmunitySpecific Immunity– AntibodiesAntibodies– ComplementComplement– Immunology TutorialImmunology Tutorial
Host defense mechanismsHost defense mechanisms
First line of defenseFirst line of defense: host ____________ and : host ____________ and
and and agranulocytes agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)(mononuclear leukocytes)
Examples of granulocytesExamples of granulocytes: neutrophils (“microphage”), basophils, : neutrophils (“microphage”), basophils, eosinophilseosinophils
Examples of agranulocytesExamples of agranulocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes
Granular leukocytesGranular leukocytes
ErythrocytesErythrocytes
Agranular leukocyteAgranular leukocyte
AgranulocytesAgranulocytes
LymphocytesLymphocytes
__________________________ -- derived from the thymus. -- derived from the thymus. Important in Important in cell-mediated immunitycell-mediated immunity..
__________________________ -- derived from bone marrow, -- derived from bone marrow, primarily. primarily. Important in Important in humoral immunityhumoral immunity..
Monocytes -- large, common, important in Monocytes -- large, common, important in ____________________ and specific ____________________ and specific immune functions. Non-circulatory (tissue-immune functions. Non-circulatory (tissue-associated) monocytes are known as associated) monocytes are known as macrophagesmacrophages. .
LymphocyteLymphocyte: note_____________ nucleus, little cytoplasm.: note_____________ nucleus, little cytoplasm. Is smaller than monocyteIs smaller than monocyte
NeutrophiNeutrophil l (a granular (a granular
leukocyte): note leukocyte): note
granules and granules and
___________ nucleus___________ nucleus
MonocyteMonocyte: note unlobed, : note unlobed,
rounded nucleus and rounded nucleus and
apparent lack of granulesapparent lack of granules
called ‘_______________’)called ‘_______________’)
The scanning electron micrograph above, shows a human macrophage (gray) approaching a Streptococcus pyogenes (yellow). Riding atop the macrophage is a spherical lymphocyte. Both macrophages and lymphocytes can be found near an infection, and the interaction between these cells is important in eliminating infection.
Phagocytosis by MacrophagesPhagocytosis by Macrophages
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Phagocytic killingPhagocytic killing
Phagocytes Phagocytes shift from aerobic to shift from aerobic to
Pathogens can neutralize phagocyte products:Pathogens can neutralize phagocyte products: __________________________________________ produces carotenoids produces carotenoids
which quench singlet oxygenwhich quench singlet oxygen
Mycobacterium sp.Mycobacterium sp. can grow can grow withinwithin
macrophages using glycolipids in their cells macrophages using glycolipids in their cells
walls to scavenge toxic _________________ walls to scavenge toxic _________________
speciesspecies
Strep. pyogenesStrep. pyogenes and and Staph. aureusStaph. aureus produce produce
leukocidinsleukocidins which destroy ________________. which destroy ________________.
Specific Immunity: Antibodies or ImmunoglobulinsSpecific Immunity: Antibodies or Immunoglobulins
IgGIgG
The complement systemThe complement system““Complement” is an additional mechanism that is brought into play at Complement” is an additional mechanism that is brought into play at
several levels in _______ __________.several levels in _______ __________.Is a Is a cascadecascade of proteins which result in membrane permeation and cell death of proteins which result in membrane permeation and cell death