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the imitative representation of the functioning of one system or process by means of the functioning of ganother <a computer simulation of an industrial process> 1

a computer based mathematical model ofa computer-based, mathematical model ofsome aspect of building performance basedon fundamental physical principles andon fundamental physical principles andengineering models.2

1. Source: http://www.merriam-webster.com/netdict/simulation2. Source: IBPSA-USA PRESENTATION FOR ENGINEERS

Modeling is the process of describing the physicalsystem (building)system (building).

Simulation is determining the time dependentbehaviour of the building system.

Source: http://www2.tech.purdue.edu/met/Courses/met421/homework_files/Building%20Energy%20Modeling%20and%20Simulation.pdf

10 variables

1000’s of variables

Source: IBPSA-USA PRESENTATION FOR ENGINEERS

•Design•Commissioning•Measurement and Verification•Measurement and Verification•Code compliance

•Building Envelope•Lighting (Artificial lighting & Day lighting)•Lighting (Artificial lighting & Day lighting)•Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning•Renewable energyRenewable energy•Passive systems•Elevator traffic•Whole building energy simulation

What it simulates

•Building geometry•Building construction

W ll R f Fl P i i•Wall, Roof, Floor, Partition•Glass

•External & Internal shading•External & Internal shading

Expected Output

•Comfort index•Energy consumption•Peak loads•Peak loads•Heat gains/losses from different components of the buildingbuilding

Implication on Green Building Rating Implication on Green Building Rating •Energy Performance•Thermal comfort

•Artificial lighting•Daylighting

What it simulates

•Quantity of light•Quantity of light•Quality of light•Photo realistic renderingPhoto realistic rendering

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Expected Output: Artificial lighting simulation•Illuminance level•Lamp layout•Savings by lighting controlsEff t f li hti th l l d•Effect of lighting on thermal loads

Expected Output: Daylighting simulationExpected Output: Daylighting simulation•Quantity & Quality of light at any given point of time during the dayg y•Glare index during the day•Savings in artificial lighting due to daylight Eff f d li h h l l d•Effect of daylight on thermal loads

Implication on Green Building Rating

•Light pollution reduction•Energy performance•Energy performance•Daylighting

What it simulates•HVAC systemy•HVAC plant•Controls

Expected Output•Sizing of the system tonnage & supply air quantity•Sizing of the system- tonnage & supply air quantity•Energy consumption of the system•Unmet hours Unmet hours •Effect of various control strategies on energy consumption and tonnage


•Energy performance•Thermal comfort design•Thermal comfort design

What it simulates•System design•System sizing calculation•System sizing calculation

Expected OutputSi i f th t•Sizing of the system

•Amount of energy produced by the system•Comparison of the energy produced and energy •Comparison of the energy produced and energy used

Implication on Green Building Rating•Energy performance•Renewable energy systems•Renewable energy systems

What it simulates•Earth air tunnel•Wind tower•Wind tower•Evaporative cooling•Natural Ventilatione o

Expected Output•Effect of passive systems on comfort and energy

i i hi b ildiconsumption within a building

Implication on Green Building Rating•Energy performance•Thermal comfort analysis•Fresh air requirement•Fresh air requirement

What it simulates

•Analysis of elevator performance•Up peak round trip time calculations, full dynamic simulationsimulation•Kinematics research to generate elevator speed profiles

Expected Output

•Total number of elevators•Capacity & Frequency of elevatorsS d f l t•Speed of elevators

•Wait time, journey time

Whole building energy simulation

E Pl •EnergyPlus (http://www.energyplus.gov)

InterfacesDesignBuilder (http://www designbuilder co uk/)DesignBuilder (http://www.designbuilder.co.uk/)

Open studio (http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/energyplus/openstudio.cfm)

DOE •DOE (http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov /)

InterfaceseQUEST (http://www.doe2.com/equest/)Q ( p q )

Visual DOE (http://www.archenergy.com/products/visualdoe/)

•IES (http://www.iesve.com/)

•ESP-r (http://www.esru.strath.ac.uk/Programs/ESP-r.htm)

•TRYNSYS (http://www.trnsys.com/)

•Building envelope•Building envelope•Window- Fenestration heat transfer, solar heat gain and solar-optical properties g p p p(http://windows.lbl.gov/software/window/window.html)

•Therm- detailed 2D analysis of heat transfer(http://windows.lbl.gov/software/therm/therm.html)

•WUFI- For moisture transport phenomenon (http://www.ornl.gov/sci/btc/apps/moisture/index.html)

•LightingLighting•Radiance – daylight and artificial lighting(http://radsite.lbl.gov)

•DaySim daylighting•DaySim- daylighting(http://www.daysim.com/)

•AGI 32 – daylighting analysis tool(htt // i32 /)(http://www.agi32.com/)

•DIALux –artificial and daylight lighting(http://www.dialux.com/)

•Renewable energy•RETScreen(htt // t t/)(http://www.retscreen.net/)

•EnergyPlus(http://www.energyplus.gov/)

P i t•Passive systems•Earth air tunnel- GAEA(http://nesa1.uni-siegen.de/index.htm?/softlab/gaea_e.htm)

•Wind tower - EnergyPlus (http://www.energyplus.gov/)

•Elevator traffic analysisElevator traffic analysis•Elevate(http://www.elevate.peters-research.com/index.htm)

•Engine•Engine•Interface and accessibility to simulation engine•Input detailsInput details•Hourly analysis capability•Integration with other special programs•Interoperability between versions and related tools

•Commissioning•Commissioning•Measurement & Verification


•Measurement & Verification

ONE BUILDING: FOUR PERSPECTIVES

1. Design claim1. Design claim

Source: Building performance in age of consequences, presentation by Bill Bordass, Building Simulation 2009


2. Supply and demand2. Supply and demand



3. What is said in the log book3. What is said in the log book



3. POE results for first full year3. POE results for first full year


Features Text Input•Models building heating,

li li hti til ti d cooling, lighting, ventilating, and other energy flows

L d l l t d t •Loads calculated at user specified time step

LightingLighting

Text OutputCoolingHeatingVentilation

Simulation capabilities such as time steps of less than an hour, modular systems and plant integrated with heat

Features

, y p gbalance-based zone simulation, multi-zone air flow, thermal comfort, water use, natural ventilation, photovoltaic systemsphotovoltaic systems…

Private sector user interfaces

PV modeling by EnergyPlus

BEEBEE (Chi )(Chi )BEE BEE (Chinese)(Chinese)TREAT PlusCOMFENESP-r E G

ECOTECT

EP-Quick

EnergyGaugeEPlusInterfaceHVAC EnergySolarShoeBoxE Vi

EFEN

xEsoViewothers, ….

Source: EnergyPlus: DOE’s Next Generation Simulation Program. Drury B. Crawley, U S Department of Energy

Capabilities:p•Easy to use interface•Models geometry, construction, occupancy glazing lighting and HVACoccupancy, glazing, lighting and HVAC•Hourly analysis tool•Can export files to EnergyPlus•Parametric analysis•Does CFD analysis

o Intuitive, easy-to-use 3-D drawing softwareA il bl f G l f o Available from Google as free or pro versions

o Popular among architectsgo Powerful API using Ruby programming

language for plugin

Source: EnergyPlus: DOE’s Next Generation Simulation Program. Drury B. Crawley, U S Department of Energy

•Create and edit EnergyPlus zones and surfaces•Launch EnergyPlus and view the results without leaving SketchUpSketchUp•Match inter zone surface boundary conditions•Search for surfaces and sub surfaces by object name•Add internal gains and simple outdoor air for load calculations•Add ideal HVAC system for load calculationsy•Set and change default constructions •Add daylighting controls and illuminance map•Get help from tutorials and documentation•Get help from tutorials and documentation

GenOpt® is a generic i i i optimization program

developed by the Simulation Research Group at LBNL. p

It is designed for minimization of a so-called objective g jfunction, such as annual energy use, that is calculated by an external simulation program program.

GenOpt determines the values of the system parameters that lead to optimal operation. p pIt can also identify unknown parameters in a data-fitting process. Additionally GenOpt can be used to do parametric runs using Additionally, GenOpt can be used to do parametric runs using your simulation program.

IBPSA I di t htt // ib i di /•IBPSA India at: http://www.ibpsaindia.org/An India affiliate of International Building Performance Simulation

Association, IBPSA (I) is founded to advance and promote the science of building performance simulation in order to improve the design construction operation performance simulation in order to improve the design, construction, operation and maintenance of new and existing buildings in India.

•ECBC User Guide at: http://www.bee-india.nic.in/ecbc/ECBC-userguide.pdf

•Energy simulation tip sheet at: http://www.eco3.org/download.html

•Green Building discussion group at: [email protected]

•Energy simulation workshops: http://cbs.iiit.ac.in/short_courses.html

•Simulation research group at: http://simulationresearch lbl gov/Simulation research group at: http://simulationresearch.lbl.gov/

•List of tools: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_directory

Thank you

Vishal Gargvishal@iiit ac [email protected]

Presentation prepared by: Surekha Tetali

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