THE IGOS-P GLOBAL WATER CYCLE OBSERVATIONS THEME (IGWCO) AND ITS POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOSS PRESENTED BY RICK LAWFORD ([email protected]) GEO SIDE MEETING TOKYO JAPAN APRIL 23, 2004
Mar 26, 2015
THE IGOS-P GLOBAL WATER CYCLE OBSERVATIONS THEME (IGWCO)
AND ITS POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO GEOSS
PRESENTED BY RICK LAWFORD([email protected])GEO SIDE MEETING
TOKYO JAPANAPRIL 23, 2004
THE PROGRESS OF SOCIETY AND MEASUREMENTS OFTHE WATER CYCLE ARE INEXTRICABLY LINKED. THE PHYSICAL HUMAN CONDITION COULD BE IMPROVED BY THE IMPLEMENTATIONOF AN EFFECTIVE GLOBAL INTEGRATED WATER CYCLEOBSERVATIONAL SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS.
BASIC TENANT OF THE IGWCO:
EPOCH #1: WATER: A GIFT TO MANKIND(DAWN OF CIVILIZATION TO THE LAST CENTURY)
WATER IS ESSENITAL FOR LIFE
WHEN WATER WAS NOT AVAILABLENOMADIC PEOPLE MOVED TO ANOTHERLOCATION. THOSE WHO WANTEDPERMANENCE SETTLED CLOSETO A RIVER OR A WATER SOURCE.
EPOCH #2: WATER AND DEVELOPMENT(LATE 1800’S TO PRESENT)
WATER IS ESSENTIAL FORPROSPERITY
TECHNOLOGY ALLOWED FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF WATER FLOWS ANDPRECIPITATION. THIS INFORMATION WASUSED TO DESIGN DAMS AND RESERVOIRS THAT COULD STABILIZE THE MONTH TO MONTH AND YEAR TO YEAR VARIABILITY IN SUPPLY. THESE ACTIONS OFTEN HADIMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT.
EPOCH #3: WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT(APPROX. MID-1960’S TO THE PRESENT)
WATER IS ESSENTIAL FOR HEALTH (FOR HUMANSAND ECOSYSTEMS)
NOT ALL WATER IS SAFE OR USEABLE. A CAPABILITY TO ANALYZE WATER SAMPLES CHEMICALLY SHOWED SOME WATER CONTAINED DANGEROUS LEVELS OF PATHOGENS, BACTERIA, CONTAMINANTS AND TOXICS. MEASUREMENTS BECAME A BASIS FOR STANDARDS AND LEGAL ACTION AGAINSTPOLLUTERS. DURING THE PAST 3 DECADES A NUMBER OF OTHER ENVIRONMENTALCONCERNS SUCH AS LAND USE CHANGE HAVE BEEN ADDED TO THIS LIST OF CAUSES OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
DEATHS DUE TO INFECTIOUS DISEASESUNSAFE WATERS ARE RESPONSIBLEFOR >2 MILLION DEATHS PER YEAR ANDFOR EXTENSIVE DAMAGE TO ECOSYSTEMS,
DEATHS FROM INTERNAL DISEASES
Terra
TRMM
SORCE^
SeaWiFS
Aura
GRACE*
ICESat^
Cloudsat
Jason*
CALIPSO
EO-3: GIFTS
Landsat
NOAA/POES*
The Earth Observing System -- systematic measurement of interactions among land, oceans, atmosphere, ice & life
Exploratory missions to probe key Earth system processes globally for the first time
Operational weather services missions for NOAA
NOAA/GOES
Operational precursor / Technology demos
EO-1: ALI & Hyperion
TODAY, SATELLITES PROVIDE A NEW GLOBAL TODAY, SATELLITES PROVIDE A NEW GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE WATER CYCLEPERSPECTIVE ON THE WATER CYCLE
Aqua*
*FY02 launch (+ SAGE III)^FY03 launch (+SeaWinds)
IT IS OUR VIEW THAT WE ARE ON THE THRESHOLD OF A NEW EPOCHIN WATER MANAGEMENT PROVIDED WE CAN MOBILIZE OUR CAPAB ILITIES TO OBSERVE TOGETHER WITH OUR UNDERSTANDING ANDABILITY TO MODEL THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE.
FACTORS THAT ARE ENCOURAGING THIS DEVELOPMENT INCLUDE:1) EXPANDING CAPABILITIES TO OBSERVE HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES FROM SPACE. 2) AN EVOLVING CAPABILITY TO ASSIMILATE AND PREDICT, BASED ON IMPROVED MODELS ON AND ON BETTER DEFINITIONS OF INITIAL AND BOUNDARY CONDITIONS,3) DEMANDS OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL WATER RESOURCE COMMUNITIES WHICH ARE SEEKING TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS FOR SECURITY OF WATER SUPPLY, RELIABLE WATER QUALITY, AND RESPONSIBLE GROUND WATER USE WITHIN A FRAMEWORK OF INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT,
LEADING TO THE QUESTION:WILL A NEW EPOCH OCCUR IN OURLIFETIMESAND, IF SO, WHAT WILL BE ITS ATTRIBUTES?
1. Provide a framework for guiding decisions on priorities and strategies regarding water cycle observations for: - Monitoring climate variability and change, - Effective water management and sustainable development of the world’s water resources, - Societal applications for resource development and environmental management, - Specification of initial conditions for weather and climate forecasts, - Research directed at priority water cycle research questions
2. Promote strategies that facilitate the processing, archiving and distribution of water cycle data products
IGWCO OBJECTIVESIGWCO OBJECTIVES“HELPING TO SOLVE THE WORLD’S WATER PROBLEMS WITH INTEGRATED WATER CYCLE OBSERVATIONS AND INFORMATION”
WATER MANAGEMENT: A PROBLEM IN BUDGETTING WITH INADEQUATE DATA
SUPPLY (INCOME) USE (EXPENDITURE)
PRIMARY SOURCE:PRECIPITATION
DRINKING FORSURVIVAL
IRRIGATION FORFOOD PRODUCTION
RESERVES(SAVINGS)
WATER TO MAINTAINECOSYSTEM HEALTH
IF EXPENDITURES > INCOME + SAVINGSFOR THE LONG TERM THERE IS A MAJOR PROBLEM!!
WATER MANAGEMENT: A PROBLEM IN BUDGETTING WITH INADEQUATE DATA
SUPPLY (INCOME) USE (EXPENDITURES)
PRIMARY SOURCE:PRECIPITATION
DRINKING FORSURVIVAL
IRRIGATION FORFOOD PRODUCTION
RESERVES(SAVINGS)
THE MANAGEMENT CHALLENGE: ENSURE INCOME + SAVINGS > OR = EXPENDITURES FOR EACH AREA OF
RESPONSIBILITY (E.G., WATER BASIN, STATE. NATION) BY:1) DETERMINING HOW MUCH WATER IS AVAILABLE AT THE SCALE WHERE
DECISIONS ARE MADE2) DETERMINING HOW MUCH WATER IS USED (E.G., BY ECOSYSTEMS,
HUMANS)3) PROVIDING BETTER PREDICTIONS OF WATER SUPPLY4) EVALUATING OPTIONS (E.G. CONSERVATION) AND IMPLEMENTING
POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TO ACHIEVE REGIONAL OBJECTIVES
POLICY SUPPORTTO RIO 21, UN
MILLENIUM GOALS,UNFCC, ETC
RESEARCHPROGRAMSUPPORT
DIRECT USERS AND SERVICE
PROVIDERS
IGWCO
USERS DEFINE NEEDS AND INFLUENCE PRIORITIES
WATER QUALITY DEGRADATIONFROM LAND CLEARING
Current Irrigation IntensityPercentage of Irrigated Land
Siebert et al 2001
SUMMARY: BOTH RESEARCH AND OPERATIONALSATELLITES HAVE A ROLE IN ADDRESSING IGWCO
NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITIES
1. HIGHER RESOLUTION MEASUREMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS OF NEW VARIABLES.2. STUDIES OF TRENDS AND VARIABILITY DEPEND ON LONG-TERM CONTINUITY IN THE RECORD.3. MANY OPERATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SERVICES RELY ON SIMPLE DATA INPUTS. SPACE AGENCIES AND DATA SERVICES MUST BE FLEXIBLE AND WORK WITH USERS TO DEVELOP NEW MODELS/ APPLICATIONS/ ROUTINES.4. IGWCO SHOULD ADDRESS SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE ISSUES AT THE HIGHEST POLICY LEVELS.
RECOMMENDATION: ESTABLISH A GROUP OF USERS TO ADVISE THE IGWCO ON PRIORITIES FOR OBSERVATIONS.
PRECIPITATION: MOISTURE SUPPLIEDBY THE ATMOSPHERE FOR LIFE ON EARTH
TRMM GPM
ISSUE:
PRECIPITATION DETERMINES THE ANNUALAMOUNT OF RENEWABLE WATER, RIVERRUNOFF AND THE LATENT HEAT RELEASED INTHE ATMOSPHERE. IT IS POORLY PREDICTEDON LONGER TIME SCALES AND LONG-TERMRECORDS DO NOT EXIST FOR MUCH OFTHE EARTH’S SURFACE (E.G.OCEANS).
WEBS SYNTHESIS SHOWS THEDIFFICULTY IN SIMULATING RAIN
SPECIFIC SHORTCOMINGS:a. LACK OF ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT STANDARDS FOR DIFFERENT SPATIAL SCALES.b. INCOMPLETE RADAR COVERAGE (GROUND RADAR, SATELLITE).c. SNOWFALL MEASUREMENT.d. MEASUREMENT IN COMPLEX TERRAIN.e. VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF PRECIPITATION FOR LATENT HEATING ESTIMATES.
RECOMMENDATIONS:a. IMPROVE COVERAGE OF SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS.b. ENHANCE COVERAGE OF SPACE BORNE RADAR.c. IMPROVE ALGORITHMS TO BLEND OBSERVATIONS FROM ALL SOURCES.d. FIELD CAMPAIGNS FOR VALIDATION.
(ISSUE: WHAT WILL SCIENCE (AND USERS) DO FORDATA CONTINUTIY BETWEEN THE END OF TRMMDATA AND THE LAUNCH OF GPM?)
USERUSER
NEEDS NEEDS
MISSIONMISSION
PLANNINGPLANNING
SENSORSENSOR
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
IN-SITUIN-SITU
OBSOBS
PRODUCTPRODUCT
DEVELOPDEVELOP
PRECIP.PRECIP. WELLWELL
DEFINEDDEFINED
GPMGPM SPACESPACE
RADARRADAR
NETWORKNETWORK
ENHANCENHANC
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
NEEDEDNEEDED
SOILSOIL
MOISTUREMOISTURE
DEFINEDDEFINED HYDROSHYDROS
SMOSSMOS
RES.RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
NEED GLNEED GL
NETWORKNETWORK
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
NEEDEDNEEDED
SURFACESURFACE
WATERWATER
QUANTIF.QUANTIF.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP AREAOPP AREA
TBDTBD
RES RES
NEEDEDNEEDED
DATA EX.DATA EX.
NET. ENH.NET. ENH.
DEVLOPDEVLOP
NEEDEDNEEDED
SNOW & SNOW & ICEICE
PRIORIT.PRIORIT.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP OPP AREA?AREA?
RES RES NEEDEDNEEDED
SFC. NET.SFC. NET.
NEEDEDNEEDED
DEVELOPDEVELOP
NEEDEDNEEDED
WAT VAP &WAT VAP &
CLOUDSCLOUDS
MICROPHYMICROPHY
PROFILESPROFILES
CLDCLD
PROP.PROP.
WV: INCWV: INC
VERT RESVERT RES
IMP RS. IN IMP RS. IN TROPICSTROPICS
INT. A-INT. A-TRAIN PRDTRAIN PRD
EVAPO-EVAPO-TRANSPTRANSP
QUANTIF.QUANTIF.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP OPP AREA?AREA?
RES RES NEEDEDNEEDED
FORMAL,FORMAL,
FLUXNETFLUXNET
ASSIM.ASSIM.
PROD. TBDPROD. TBD
ENERGYENERGY
VAR.VAR.
SFCSFC
FLUXESFLUXES
OPPOPP
AREA?AREA?
OPPOPP
AREAAREA
DATADATA
ARCH.ARCH.
L.T. DATAL.T. DATA
FOR CLIM.FOR CLIM.
GROUNDGROUND
WATERWATER
WORKWORK
NEEDEDNEEDED
HIGH RES.HIGH RES.
MISSIONMISSION
RES.RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
EVAL. EVAL. DATA SYSDATA SYS
ASSESSASSESS
SAT PROD.SAT PROD.
WATERWATER
QUALITYQUALITY
QUANT.QUANT.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP.OPP.
AREA?AREA?
RESRES
NEEDEDNEEDED
NET. STDSNET. STDS
& ENH.& ENH.
TBDTBD
USER (SE)USER (SE)
DATADATA
QUANTQUANT
NEEDEDNEEDED
RES. RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
RES. RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
DATADATA
ARCHIVESARCHIVES
PRODPROD
DEVELOPDEVELOP
REVIEW OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IGWCO DEVELOPMENT WORK
SOME REQUIREMENTS:
1) ARE MATURE
2) NEED TO BE QUANTIFIED
3) NEED TO BE SCOPED
USERUSER
NEEDS NEEDS
MISSIONMISSION
PLANNINGPLANNING
SENSORSENSOR
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
IN-SITUIN-SITU
OBSOBS
PRODUCTPRODUCT
DEVELOPDEVELOP
PRECIP.PRECIP. WELLWELL
DEFINEDDEFINED
GPMGPM SPACESPACE
RADARRADAR
NETWORKNETWORK
ENHANCENHANC
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
NEEDEDNEEDED
SOILSOIL
MOISTUREMOISTURE
DEFINEDDEFINED HYDROSHYDROS
SMOSSMOS
RES.RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
NEED GLNEED GL
NETWORKNETWORK
DEVELOP.DEVELOP.
NEEDEDNEEDED
SURFACESURFACE
WATERWATER
QUANTIF.QUANTIF.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP AREAOPP AREA
TBDTBD
RES RES
NEEDEDNEEDED
DATA EX.DATA EX.
NET. ENH.NET. ENH.
DEVLOPDEVLOP
NEEDEDNEEDED
SNOW & SNOW & ICEICE
PRIORIT.PRIORIT.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP AREAOPP AREA
TBDTBD
RES RES NEEDEDNEEDED
SFC. NET.SFC. NET.
NEEDEDNEEDED
DEVELOPDEVELOP
NEEDEDNEEDED
WAT VAP &WAT VAP &
CLOUDSCLOUDS
MIC. PHYMIC. PHY
PROFILESPROFILES
CLDCLD
PROP.PROP.
WV: INCWV: INC
VERT RESVERT RES
IMP RS. IN IMP RS. IN TROPICSTROPICS
INT. A-INT. A-TRAIN PRDTRAIN PRD
EVAPO-EVAPO-TRANSPTRANSP
RESOLVERESOLVE
UNCERT.UNCERT.
OPP AREA?OPP AREA? RES RES NEEDEDNEEDED
FORMAL,FORMAL,
FLUXNETFLUXNET
ASSIM.ASSIM.
PROD. TBDPROD. TBD
ENERGYENERGY
VAR.VAR.
SFCSFC
FLUXESFLUXES
OPPOPP
AREA?AREA?
OPPOPP
AREAAREA
DATADATA
ARCH.ARCH.
L.T. DATAL.T. DATA
FOR CLIM.FOR CLIM.
GROUNDGROUND
WATERWATER
WORKWORK
NEEDEDNEEDED
HIGH RES.HIGH RES.
MISSIONMISSION
RES.RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
EVAL. EVAL. DATA SYSDATA SYS
ASSESSASSESS
SAT PROD.SAT PROD.
WATERWATER
QUALITYQUALITY
QUANT.QUANT.
NEEDEDNEEDED
OPP.OPP.
AREA?AREA?
RESRES
NEEDEDNEEDED
NET. STDSNET. STDS
& ENH.& ENH.
TBDTBD
USER (SE)USER (SE)
DATADATA
QUANTQUANT
NEEDEDNEEDED
RES. RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
RES. RES.
NEEDEDNEEDED
DATADATA
ARCHIVESARCHIVES
PRODPROD
DEVELOPDEVELOP
REVIEW OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR IGWCO DEVELOPMENT WORK
CRYOSPHERETHEME
PRIORITYFOR IGWCO
REC. GEOPRIORITY
CLIMATEPRIOR.
WATERRES.
PRIOR.
USER INTEREST IN DATA INTEGRATION
MOTIVATION: MOST USERS WANT THE BEST POSSIBLE PRODUCT – NOT 5 DIFFERENT VALUES FOR THE SAME VARIABLE AT THE SAME POINT IN TIME AND SPACE. THEY ALSO WANT SOME ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF THE MEASURMENT.
OPPORTUNITIES: 1. NETWORK OF SUPERSITES (HIGH RESOLUTION POINT DATA – CONTINUOUS IN TIME FOR A FEW POINTS) NEED TO BE ESTABLISHED AND THEIR DATA COMBINED WITH SATELLITE DATA (COARSE DATA – CONTINUOUS IN SPACE).
2.TOOLS FOR DATA INTEGRATION: - GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS, - DATA MINING, - REGIONAL AND GLOBAL DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEMS, - MODELS, - PERIODIC REANALYSES.
3. FOLLOW-ON TO EXPERIENCE IN INTEGRATED DATA SET DEVELOPMENT THROUGH CEOP.
OB
SE
RV
AT
ION
S RE
SE
AR
CH
AN
D
AP
PL
ICA
TIO
NS
GEWEX
UNESCO IHP
RESOURCEAGENCY NETWORKS
SPACEAGENCIES
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT PARADIGM FORSYSTEMS IN WATER MANAGEMENT
IAHS
NATIONAL WATERCYCLE PROGRAMS
WMOHYDROL
NATIONAL SERVICE CAPABILITIES
USERS
OB
SE
RV
ATI
ON
S RE
SE
AR
CH
AN
D
AP
PL
ICA
TIO
NS
GEWEX
GWSP
UNESCO IHP
RESOURCEAGENCY NETWORKS
SPACEAGENCIES
IGWCO
CEOP I
BUILDING TOWARD THE NEXT EPOCHIN WATER MANAGEMENT (& OTHER
APPLICATION SECTORS)
IAHS PUB
NATIONAL WATERCYCLE PROGRAMS
CEOP II
WMOHYDROL
NATIONAL SERVICE CAPABILITIES
(A POTENTIALROLE FOR THE
GEOSS IMPLEMENTATION?)
USERS
‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09
THEME REPORTAPPROVAL
CEOP PHASE I
IMPLEMENTATIONPLAN
* *
R
DRAFT IGWCO IMPLEMENTATION TIMETABLE
R
G
I P
(INTEGRATED OBSERVATIONS ANDANALYSIS OF THE GLOBAL WATER CYCLE)*
CEOP PHASE II
INDICATORS/INDICES
INTEGRATEDPRECIP PRODUCT
UWORKSHOPS
GWSP DATASYSTEM
COPES
+
+
+
+
IGWCO IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
IGWCO THEME EXECUTIVE
(WCRP, WMO, CEOS)
USER GROUPADVISORY COMMITTEE
CEOS/ WCRPCEOP PROJECT
NEW GWC PROJECTS(GPM, ETC)
DISTRIBUTEDIGWCO
SECRETARIAT
SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE
IGOS-P
SOIL MOISTUREPRODUCTS GROUP
WHAT GEOSS CAN PROVIDE FOR IGWCO:
1. AN OPPORTUNITY TO DESIGN A COMPLETE WATER MANAGEMENT INFORMATION FRAMEWORK WITH GLOBAL COVERAGE AND NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION.
2. AN OPPORTUNITY TO ACCESS THE NATIONAL CAPABILITIES, RESOURCES AND LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT NEEDED TO EFFECTIVELY IMPLEMENT THE IGWCO VISION.
3. HELP TO IDENTIFY OR DEVELOP A FORUM FOR COORDINATING THE NEEDS AND PRIORITIES FOR IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS (SIMILAR TO THE ROLE CEOS PLAYS FOR SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS).
WHAT IGWCO CAN PROVIDE FOR GEOSS
1. AN ASSESSMENT OF THE NEEDS FOR AND LIMITATIONS OF WATER CYCLE OBSERVATIONS.
2. OPPORTUNITIES FOR CAPACITY BUILDING IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES FOR THE WATER SECTOR.
3. A MECHANISM FOR ON-GOING MONITORING OF THE SUCCESS OF GEOSS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE WATER SECTOR.