The Hundred Days Refresh

Do Now: Which new deal program did you think was the best and why? (Base these off the presentations from yesterday) Objectives: Students will be able to...(1) Describe the function of the major New Deal programs (2) analyze the info and form opinions on it's success

Homework: Continue Reading Through Chapter on your Own

The Hundred Days Refresh

• An impressive 15 acts of legislation were passed early on in FDR’s presidency

• Born out of a divided administration (Many opinion)

Step 1: Fix the Banks!

• Declared a Bank Holiday right when he took office

• Emergency Banking Relief Act passed after just 38 mins!

• FDR then addressed 60 Million people in Fireside Chat

• Following day the deposits outweighed withdrawals

Regulating Banks & Brokers

• Advisors to FDR wanted him to go further to Trust-bust and create fair competition

• Securities Act of 1933 – This created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

• The Glass-Steagall Act – This created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Step 2: Managing Farms & Industry

• Advisors believed that struggles came from low prices and high production

• Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) – Government paid farmers NOT to grow certain crops • Had to destroy crops already planted

• By 1936 farm surplus had ended and food prices rose (Hard Criticism

• Large farmers did better than small ones because they had one crop vs. many

• African American became homeless and jobless when landlords chose to shut down their land

Step 3: Debt Relief

• Americans were in debt – cut back spending

• Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) – Government bought loans and restructured with longer terms less interest• 1 out of 5 mortgages were helped• Still foreclosed if people lost jobs

• Farm Credit Administration (FCA) – Similar program for farmers

Step 4: Spending and Relief Programs

• Didn’t want to simply GIVE money to the unemployed

• Thought people could build morale and develop skills

Programs

• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – Gave men 18-25 conservationist jobs• Planting Trees, fighting forest fires, and building reservoirs

• Public Works and Emergency Relief – Created FERA (Led by Harry Hopkins) • Public Works Administration (PWA) – Created construction

projects, like highways, dams, sewers, water-works, schools, etc. • Indirect Hiring

• Civil Works Administration (CWA) – Similar to PWA but employees hired directly ($1 Billion Spent) • Direct Hiring

• Became alarmed at the spending and shut down program

First Term Thoughts

• These programs did not restore prosperity

• His actions inspired hope and optimism • Faith in nation had returned

• Why do you think faith returned???

The Second New Deal

Do Now: Grab a worksheet from Mr. Collison and fill in the first part of the chart with a partner

Objectives: Students will be able to...(1) analyze an image for key information (2) describe the second New Deal (3) compare and contrast the two New Deals

Homework: Guided reading sheet for 23-4

Opponents of the New Deal

• Who opposed the New Deal?

• Why did they oppose it?

• What is deficit spending?

• What comparisons can you make to our current economy?

Opposition from Right & Left

• People on the Right: • Thought he was putting too much regulations

on Government• Deficit Spending – scared business leaders • Formed American Liberty League –

Organized opposition to the New Deal• People on the Left: • Believed he had not gone far enough• Wanted more dramatic intervention

Second New Deal Programs

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8iC1-eC3zo• Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Similar to PWA

and CWA• $11 Billion Spent• Built: • 650,000 miles of highways, roads and streets• 125,000 public buildings • 8,000 parks

• Improved: • 124,000 bridges• 853 airports

Supreme Court

• Programs were taking longer to pass in congress. Why? • Supreme court struck down National Industrial Recovery

Act (NIRA)• Schechter vs. United States – “ The sick chicken” case• Schechter brothers violated chicken provision by selling

diseased chickens and paying workers too little. • Supreme court ruled that Congress could not delegate

powers to Executive Branch

Industrial Unions

• National Labor Relations Board (Wagner Act): • The act guaranteed workers the right to organize unions and

to bargain collectively• Set up binding arbitration – neutral party listens to both

sides and decides on issues • Committee for Industrial Organization: Organization

formed to help organize unions

Strikes

• Sit-Down Strikes: Workers who stopped working but refused to leave plants

• Flint, Michigan Auto-Plant: Union workers went on strike and it turned violent

• Similar situations happened around the country

Social Security Act

• GOAL – To provide help for those unemployed through no fault of their own

• People it helped: • Elderly who stopped work after 65• Unemployed• People with disabilities• Poor families with young children

• Critics didn’t like that the $$ came from payroll taxes on workers

• Helped a lot of people initially, but left our the neediest of people at the time (Farmers and domestic workers)• 65 % African Americans fell in to this category

Your task….

• Using the chart on the back and the book, identify what those major programs accomplished, and who might have opposed them