The Human Organism: Introduction to Human Body Systems PART 2 TPJ 3M Nicole Klement
Jan 03, 2016
The Human Organism:Introduction to Human Body Systems
PART 2
TPJ 3M
Nicole Klement
Human Organ Systems
1. Skeletal2. Muscular3. Circulatory4. Immune5. Respiratory6. Digestive
7. Excretory8. Reproductive9. Nervous10. Endocrine11. Integumentary
History of The Circulatory System
Once thought to be the origin of emotions since it beat faster when a person was scared or excited, we now know that that is not the heart’s function.
Function of The Human Circulatory System
1. Transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide
2. Distribution of nutrients and transport of wastes
3. Maintenance of body temperature
4. Circulation of hormones
Structures of The Circulatory system
1. BLOOD fluid in which materials are transported
2. BLOOD VESSELSVeins and arteries act as spaces throughout the body in which the fluid
moves
-no cell in the body is further away than two cells from a blood vessel that carries nutrients and oxygen-there are 96 000 km of blood vessels in your body to sustain your 100 trillion cells
3. A PUMPThe heart pushes the fluid through the blood vessels or spaces
- the heart is about as large as the size of your fist and has a mass of 30g- the heart beats about 72 beats/minute from the beginning of life until death- during an average lifetime, the heart pumps enough blood to fill two large
ocean tankers
Fact
Your heart beats 60-70 times per minute. Each time it pumps 60 ml of blood.
How many milliliters are pumped in 24 hours?
Answer
5184000 ml
OR
5184 liter bottles
Organs of The circulatory system
1. Veins2. Arteries3. Capillaries4. (Blood)5. Heart
Veins
Veins carry blood back to the heart.
Veins have valves 2 major veins carry
return blood from your body to your heart: the superior vena cava returns blood from your head and the inferior vena cava from your lower body
Arteries
Carry blood away from your heart
Have thick, elastic walls made of tissue and smooth muscle
Capillaries
Microscopic blood vessels.
Walls are only one cell thick
Bloodshot eyes Nutrients and
oxygen diffuse from body cells into capillaries
Blood
Carries oxygen from lungs to body
Takes carbon dioxide away
Carries waste products to kidneys
Transports nutrients
Cells in blood fight infections
Blood
Made up of plasma (55%), mostly water.
Platelets ;help with clotting
Red blood cells: made at rate of 2-3 million per second.
White: help fight bacteria, viruses, etc
Blood Types
4 types A, B, AB, O Types A, B, AB
have antigens coating their surface. Rh factor
Wrong type of blood will kill you
Type “O” is universal
Fact
First blood transfusion was in early 1800”s.
French physician Jean Baptiste Denis successfully used sheep’s blood. His second patient died.
Heart
Made of cardiac muscle tissue
Has 4 compartments called chambers: two upper are atriums, two lower are ventricles.
Heart has arteries just and veins just like any other muscle
Diagram of Human Heart
Anterior view
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Superior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Blood flow through The Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary circulation is the flow of blood through the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart.
Systemic circulation happens when Oxygen rich blood moving to all tissues and organs of the body
Coronary circulation is the flow of blood to and from the tissues of the heart.
Also called myocardium is found only in the heart
More mitochondria than skeletal muscle (about 35% occupations)
Cardiac Muscle
Myocardium (heart muscle) has its own built in electrochemical activator
Called a pacemaker
The pacemaker produces a heart beat independent of the Central Nervous System (we don’t need to think about it)
Electrical Impulses & the Heart
Atherosclerosis
Fatty deposits build up on arterial walls. Eating fatty foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats can cause these deposits to form.
Not all cholesterol is bad, and is essential for health.
Heart
When these arteries are blocked, it starves the heart of oxygen and nutrients, resulting in a heart attack
Help for the Circulatory System
defibrillators pacemakers heart transplant artificial heart - 1st artificial heart: 1982,
Jarvik-7, patient lived 112 days Ottawa researchers close to production of
artificial heart HeartSaverVAD (ventricular assist device)
Blood pressure
The force of the blood against the walls of your blood vessels.
Measured in two numbers: 1. Systolic is the first
number and measures your heart pumping.
2. Diastolic is the second number and measures pressure that occurs as the ventricles fill with blood before they contract again.
Systolic Pressure
Also referred to as systole It is the highest pressure recorded in
the heart (usually ~ 120 mmHg at rest)
It is the work phase of the heart when blood pumped out to your body
Diastolic Pressure
Also referred to as diastole It is the lowest pressure recorded in
the heart (usually ~ 80 mmHg at rest)
It is the rest phase of the heart when blood is filling into the ventricles
Measuring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure: the force of the blood on the walls of the arteries when the ventricles of the heart contract. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury or mm Hg.
Measuring blood pressure - cuff on and tightened to pressure greater than
120 mm Hg (about 160) - cuff pressure gradually reduced until
stethoscope can detect blood passing through (systole value)
- reduction in pressure continued until sound disappears (diastole)
Classification of Blood Pressure for adults over 18