The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter 1 Part 1. Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and Physiology:

The Human Body: An Orientation

Chapter 1

Part 1

Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and Physiology:

What is Anatomy?

• Structure of body parts

• Relationship of body parts

• Concrete subject

What is Physiology?

• Function of the machinery

• Processes of the body• Relationship of biology

and chemistry

Topics of AnatomyLevels 0f Study

• Macroscopic Anatomy– AKA “gross anatomy”– Study of large body

parts visible to the naked eye

– Dissection of animals– Subdivisions include:

• Regional anatomy• Systemic anatomy• Surface anatomy

Topics of AnatomyLevels 0f Study

• Microscopic Anatomy– Study of structures too

small to be seen with the naked eye

– Subdivisions include:• Cytology – cells• Histology – tissues

Topics in Anatomy (con’t)

• Developmental Anatomy– Traces structural

changes that occur in the body throughout the life span

– Subdivisions include:• Embryology -

developmental changes before birth

• Pathological Anatomy – structural changes associated with disease.

• Radiographic Anatomy – body structures which can be visualized with x-rays

• Molecular Biology• Anatomical

Terminology

Some Topics of Physiology• Renal physiology – kidney function and

urine production• Neurophysiology – workings of the nervous

system• Cardiovascular physiology – operation of

heart and blood • Immunology – how the body defends itself

from disease causing agents• Endocrinology, pathophysiology, exercise

physiology

Complementarity of Structures and Functions

Chemical Level

Cellular Level

Tissue Level

Organ Level

Organ System Level

Organism Level

Molecular Level

urea

catalase

atoms

Cellular Level

basophil

epithelium

Atoms combine to form molecules Cells are made up of molecules

Tissue Level Organ Level

tongue

kidney

tongue taste buds

kidney tubules

Tissues consist of similar types of cells Organs are made up of similar types of tissues

A(n) _____ is a group of cells with a similar structure and function

a) organ

b) molecule

c) organ system

d) tissue

Slide 1.4

Organ System OverviewOrgan System Overview

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

• Integumentary

• Forms the external body covering

• Protects deeper tissue from injury

• Synthesizes vitamin D

• Location of cutaneous nerve receptors

Figure 1.2a

Slide 1.5



• Skeletal

• Protects and supports body organs

• Provides muscle attachment for movement

• Site of blood cell formation

• Stores mineralsFigure 1.2b

Slide 1.6



• Muscular

• Allows locomotion

• Maintains posture

• Produces heat

Figure 1.2c

Slide 1.7



• Nervous

• Fast-acting control system

• Responds to internal and external change

• Activates muscles and glands

Figure 1.2d

Slide 1.8



• Endocrine

• Secretes regulatory hormones

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Metabolism

Figure 1.2e

Slide 1.9



• Cardiovascular

• Transports materials in body via blood pumped by heart

• Oxygen

• Carbon dioxide

• Nutrients

• WastesFigure 1.2f

Slide 1.10



• Lymphatic

• Returns fluids to blood vessels

• Disposes of debris

• Involved in immunity

Figure 1.2g

Slide 1.11



• Respiratory

• Keeps blood supplied with oxygen

• Removes carbon dioxide

Figure 1.2h

Slide 1.12



• Digestive

• Breaks down food

• Allows for nutrient absorption into blood

• Eliminates indigestible material

Figure 1.2i

Slide 1.13



• Urinary

• Eliminates nitrogenous wastes

• Maintains acid – base balance

• Regulation of materials

•Water

• ElectrolytesFigure 1.2j

Slide 1.14



• Reproductive

• Production of offspring

Figure 1.2k

Identify four organ systems. Name two organs associated with each

organ system.

• 1.a.

b.

• 2. a.

b.

• 3.a.

b.

• 4. a.

b.

Organism

Levels of Structural OrganizationLevels of Structural Organization


The Human Body: An Orientation Chapter 1 Part 1. Three essential concepts that unify Anatomy and Physiology:

Documents

organ system overviewcopyright

pearson education

human body

blood immunology

blood v

similar structure

similar types of cellsorgans

similar types of tissuesan