The Holocaust Dictionary.

The Holocaust Dictionary.

Prisoners head south on a death march from the Dachau concentration camp. Gruenwald, Germany, April 29, 1945.

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Auschwitz was the most deadly camp

created during the Holocaust. It was created in 1940 in Oswelcim, Poland. It is estimated that over 1,250,000 people were murdered in this death camp alone. The most popular method of extermination among the Nazi’s were gas chambers. When people arrived to Auschwitz, they were given a number that determined their fate. They could either be sent to death immediatley, or forced to work as slaves,

Auschwitz

Hasday,Just. The Holocaust. Philedalpheia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002. Print“Auschwitz” The Holocaust. 1977. Print

Main entrance to the Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp. Poland, date uncertain.

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Auschwitz

Twords the end of the war, the Nazi’s had to find a

way to get rid of all the evidence of the concentration and extermination camps. To do so, the Nazi’s arranged death marches. Some prisoners had to walk as little as 62 miles while others had to walk 549 miles. During these marches prisoners would walk for days or weeks with little to no food. People would die from starvation, hypothermia, or heat exhaustion. Those who tried to escape would be shot, as would those who were just too weak to continue. It is estimated that a quarter million prisoners were killed in death marches during the last two months of Nazi Germany.

Death Marches

“Death Marches” Learning About The Holocaust. 2001. Print.

Clandestine photograph of prisoners marching to Dachau

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Death Marches

Gas Chambers and Gas Vans was a way of

“mass murder” in extermination during World War 2 and the Holocaust. Prisoners were forced into tiny rooms to breathe in a poisonous gas that would kill them in a matter of minutes. The first gas the Nazi’s used was carbon monoxide. Eventually, they upgraded to an even more deadly gas called Zyklon B in 1943. Prisoners were packed into small vans and forced to breathe in exhaust fumes and diesel engines. By December of 1941, over several thousand Polish Jews were killed in Chelmno.

Gas Chambers

“Gas Chambers, Gas Vans and Crematoria” The Holocaust. 1997. Print.

Gas Chambers

Gas chamber in the main camp of Auschwitz immediately after liberation. Poland, January 1945.

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Kristallnacht, aka The Night of Broken Glass was the destruction of Jewish homes, property, and stores. This lasted for two days, November 9th and 10th of 1938. During the time any store owned by a Jew was either burned down or destroyed. Jewish school houses and homes were burned down as well. Many non-Jews would try to help and put out the flames, however, the SS Police would stop them. The Storm Troopers would block and beat any Jew who tried to get through on November 10th 1938.

Kristallnacht

Deem, James M. Kristallnacht. Berkely Heights: Enslow Publishers, Inc, 2012. PrintMara, Will. Kristallnacht. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2010. Print

Kristallnacht

Jewish-owned shop destroyed during Kristallnacht (the "Night of Broken Glass"). Berlin, Germany, November 1938.

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Medical Experiments were performed by Dr.

Joseph Mengele. These were forced experiments on prisoners of the Holocaust. The experiments were mainly tested on twins and dwarfs, in fact 180 twins were murdered during the time period. Over 7,000 people were taken to be tested on and experimented with. Some of the experiments included: freezing prisoners, forcing prisoners to drink .5 to 1.0 liters of sea water, and the testing of low pressure and lack of oxygen on humans. These experiments lasted for the time of 1939-1945.

Medical Experiments

Cohen, Nava. “Medical Experiments” Encyclopedia of the Holocaust. 1990. Print.

Medical Experiments

Medical personnel experiment on a prisoner at the Buchenwald concentration camp. Buchenwald, Germany, date uncertain.

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During the Holocaust, Zyklon B was used

in gas chambers in order to rid Germany of the Jews. Originally, the Nazi’s used Carbon Monoxide, before two men introduced Zyklon B to them. They were later hanged for this. Zyklon B was made by a German company that produced pest extermination products. The gas was transported in crystal form, and would change to gas when it reacted with air. Once the gas was released to the prisoners, they could lose consciousness within seconds or minutes.

Zyklon B

“Zyklon B” The Holocaust. 1997. Print.

Zyklon B

Zyklon B pellets found at the liberation of the Majdanek camp. Poland, after July 1944.

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