The History of the Bill of Rights In order for the Constitution to pass, the Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights. James Madison was the Father.
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The History of the Bill of Rights In order for the Constitution
to pass, the Federalists promised to add a Bill of Rights. James
Madison was the Father of the Constitution and chief author of the
Bill of Rights. Madison introduced his Bill of Rights to Congress
and knew that it was going to be a battle for approval. In the end,
Congress approved 12 amendments. The 12 amendments then went to the
states for approval.
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Approving the Bill of Rights Most states quickly ratified the
Bill of Rights. By the summer of 1790, nine states had approved at
least 10 of the amendments. On December 15, 1791, Virginia became
the 11 th state to ratify the Bill of Rights making them a part of
our Constitution. Two of the original 12 amendments failed to win
ratification in 1791. Fun Facts: 1.The two amendments that failed
dealt with the number of members of the House and limited the
ability of Congress to raise their salary. 2.Three of the original
thirteen states did not approve the B of R: Georgia, Massachusetts,
& Connecticut. 3.All three finally approved them in 1939 the
150 th anniversary of the B of R.
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Protects the 5 Basic Freedoms 1.Religion 2.Speech 3.Press
4.Assembly 5.Petition
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Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of
religion This is called the establishment clause which means that
our Congress cannot establish an official national religion Engel
v. Vitale (1962) the Supreme Court ruled that the practice of
prayer sponsored by a public school violated the establishment
clause (even if it is voluntary) or prohibiting the free exercise
there of This is called the free exercise clause establishes that
all people are free to follow the religions practices of their
choice. They are also free to follow no religion at all. Reynolds
v. United States (1879) Reynolds was a member of the Mormon church.
He was practicing polygamy. He was arrested because polygamy
violated federal law.Reynolds v. United States How did the Supreme
Court rule?
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So Basically .. Freedom of religion The First Amendment
prevents the government from establishing an official religion.
Citizens have freedom to attend a church, synagogue, temple or
mosque of their choice or not to attend at all. The First Amendment
allows us to practice our religion the way we want to.
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Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech Free
Speech guarantees Americans the right to say what is on our minds
(in public or private). It also allows us the freedom to criticize
our government & government officials. There are limits to
freedom of speech: 1.Treason the act of aiding & comforting an
enemy in a time of war 2.Sedition the use of language that
encourages people to rebel against government. 3.Slander Verbally
harming another persons character. What type of government would
punish people for criticizing them?
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http://www.youtube.com/v/Hzgzim5 m7oU
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OR.. Freedom of speech The First Amendment keeps the government
from making laws that might stop us from saying what we think.
People have the right to criticize the government and to share
their opinions with others.
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Congress shall make no lawabridging the freedom...of the press.
In colonial times, newspapers were forbidden to criticize the
government or public officials even if the criticisms were true.
Freedom of the press is the right to express ideas in writing.
Freedom of the press includes both electronic and print media.
Press includes: books, newspapers, magazines, radio, television and
anything printed online. Limits to Freedom of the Press Libel is
written statement or visual presentation that harms another persons
character. The press serves as the watch dog of our government.
What does this mean?
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Basically.. Freedom of the press A free press means we can get
information from many different sources. The government cannot
control what is printed in newspapers and books, broadcast on TV or
radio or offered online. Citizens can request time on television to
respond to views with which they disagree; they may write letters
to newspaper editors and hope those letters will be printed for
others to see. They can pass out leaflets that give their opinions.
They can have their own Web pages and offer their opinions to
others through the many means made available by the Internet.
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Congress shall make no law abridging the right of people
peaceably to assemble. This right gives Americans freedom to hold
meetings to discuss problems, to protest government decisions, or
to socialize. Meetings MUST be peaceful!
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Freedom of assembly Citizens can come together in public and
private gatherings. They can join groups for political, religious,
social or recreational purposes. By organizing to accomplish a
common goal, citizens can spread their ideas more effectively.
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Congress shall make no lawabridgingthe right of the people to
petition the government for redress of grievances This right means
you have the right to ask the government to address your concerns.
It also gives you the right to contact your representatives. It
ensures we have government By the People
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Right to petition To petition the government for a redress of
grievances means that citizens can ask for changes in the
government. They can do this by collecting signatures and sending
them to their elected representatives; they can write, call or
e-mail their elected representatives; they can support groups that
lobby the government.
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Amendment 2 The right to keep and bear arms This amendment
gives us the right to own and carry a gun. In the 1790s big
national armies were not trusted, the fighting was done be state
militias so people had to have the right to own a weapon. Amendment
3 Prohibits the quartering of soldiers. Keep in mind, there were no
military bases during the Revolutionary War. British soldiers
forced the colonists to give them food & a place to stay. This
amendment prevents this from happening.
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Amendments 4 through 8 establish codes of conduct for police
and the courts. Protects citizens from being abused by the criminal
justice system.
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Protects citizens from unreasonable searches & seizures. A
search is reasonable if a judge issues a search warrant. Search
warrant a legal document that describes the place to be searched
and the people or items to be seized. A search warrant can only be
issued if there is good reason to believe that evidence of a crime
will be found.
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Does 5 Basic Things for the Accused 1.Says a grand jury must
indict (formally accuse) the individual of the crime they must
decide if there is enough evidence to go to trial. This protects an
accused person from hasty government action. 2.Protects an
individual from self-incrimination having to testify against
oneself. 3.Double Jeopardy being tried twice for the same crime.
4.Due Process of law cannot be punished for a crime until the law
has been fairly applied to his/her case. In other words, government
MUST act within the law. It cant deny a person life, liberty or the
pursuit of happiness. 5.Eminent Domain the government has the power
to take property for public use. The government cannot take private
property without giving the owner fair payment for it. In short the
right to own private property is protected.
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Does 4 things for the Accused 1.A person accused of a crime has
the right to a prompt and public trial. 2.A person must be informed
of the charges against him/her (Miranda Rights) 3.The accused has
the right to hear and question all witnesses against them, and to
have their own witnesses testify for them. 4.The accused has the
right to an attorney. If he/she cant afford an attorney one will be
provided to him/her.
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It provides a trial by jury in cases that involve money or
property worth more than $20.
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This amendment prevents the courts from setting excessive bail.
Bail is money or property that the accused gives the court to hold.
It is a guarantee that the accused will return for their trial. The
8 th amendment also prevents cruel and unusual punishment. Whipping
and branding were once used in the U.S. They now are considered
cruel The big question today is whether the death penalty is cruel
& unusual punishment.
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Americans have basic rights not listed in the Bill of Rights.
These rights have included the right to political activity and
privacy.
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Powers and rights not given to the federal government belong to
the states or to the people. This amendment gives that states the
power to act independently of the federal government to protect
citizens rights.
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Watch the video: Future Fright: Losing the Bill of Rights. What
rights did you see violated in this story?
http://www.viddler.com/explore/askgriff/videos/2 0 Create a visual
representation of the rights that are most important to you.
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The strength of the Constitution is that it can be changed when
societys attitudes change. Civil Rights rights guaranteed to all
U.S. citizens. The Bill of Rights is the foundation for civil
rights in this country. There was a series of amendments added to
the Constitution after the Bill of Rights that extended civil
rights in the United States.
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Passed in 1865 Outlawed slavery in all states and in all lands
governed by the U.S. Amendments 13 through 15 are also called the
Reconstruction Amendments. Why are they also called this?
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Passed in 1868 Did 3 Major Things: 1.Granted full citizenship
to African Americans 2.Mentions due process no state could take
away a citizens life, liberty or property without due process.
3.Guarantees every citizen within a state equal protection under
the law.
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Passed in 1870 No one could be denied the right to vote because
of race or color In spite of the 15 th amendment, many former
Confederate states passed laws to keep African Americans from
voting. It was not until the 1960s, that the U.S. Congress finally
passed civil rights laws to guarantee voting rights for African
Americans.
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Passed in 1913 Called for the direct election of U.S. Senators
Who elected U.S. Senators before this amendment was passed?
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Passed in 1920 Gave all women the right to vote. Wyoming was
the first state to give women the right to vote. Famous women
suffragists: Alice Paul, Lucy Burns, Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth
Cady Stanton, and many others
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Passe d in 1961 Gave citizens living in the District of
Columbia the right to vote for president and vice president
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Passed in 1964 Banned the use of the poll tax as a requirement
in a national election. What is a poll tax? A tax a person had to
pay to register to vote. This tax was used to keep African
Americans from voting.
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Passed in 1971 Lowered the voting age in all elections to 18.
If 18 year olds were old enough to go to war, they are old enough
to vote.
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In order to ensure that our rights and freedoms are protected,
citizens have duties and responsibilities to the country. Citizens
must be informed active, and involved.
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1.Obeying the Law 2.Attending School 3.Paying taxes 4.Serving
in the Armed Forces 5.Appearing in Court
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The U.S. highly values education that is why we have free,
public education. A democracy cannot function without educated
citizens. U.S. Citizens need to be informed in order to choose our
leaders. I f you work or buy things, you probably have to pay
taxes. T axes provide us with services we need: police, firemen,
paved streets, schools, electric and our military.
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Whenever America has been threatened, its citizens have come
together to defend it. When the country has needed huge numbers of
soldiers, it sometimes has had to establish a draft laws that
require men of certain ages and qualifications to serve in the
military. The U.S. has not instituted a draft since 1973. 18 year
old men must register to serve in the military if they meet the
qualifications.
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Citizens must report to serve as members of a jury, if they are
called to do so. This responsibility is called jury duty. Our
Constitution guarantees citizens a trial by jury of their peers.
Citizens must also testify in court if called as witnesses. For our
justice system to function, citizens must fulfill their duty to
serve on juries and appear as witnesses.
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1.Voting 2.Being Informed 3.Taking Part in Government 4.Helping
Your Community 5.Respecting & Protecting Others Rights