The History and Cultural Heritage of Chinese Calligraphy, Printing and Library Work

The History and Cultural Heritage of Chinese Calligraphy, Printing, and Library WorkInternational Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Fédération Internationale des Associations de Bibliothécaires et des Bibliothèques Internationaler Verband der bibliothekarischen Vereine und Institutionen Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Bibliotecarios y Bibliotecas
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IFLA Publications 141
The History and Cultural Heritage of Chinese Calligraphy, Printing and Library Work
Edited by Susan M. Allen, Lin Zuzao, Cheng Xiaolan and Jan Bos
De Gruyter Saur
IFLA Publications edited by Sjoerd Koopman
ISBN 978-3-598-22046-3 e-ISBN 978-3-598-44179-0 ISSN 0344-6891
Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de.
Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, www.degruyter.com
All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No Parts of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
© 2010 by International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, The Hague, The Netherlands
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Preface Alex Byrne . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Welcome on behalf of the Preparatory Committee of the Pre-Conference Yang Jianxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Welcome on behalf of the IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Susan M. Allen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Welcome on behalf of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Marian Koren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Address to the Audience of the Pre-Conference on Behalf of the China National Library and China Society for Library Science Zhan Furui. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 A Congratulatory Letter on Behalf of the Social Cultural Department of the Cultural Ministry of the State Council Liu Xiaoqin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 The Great Invention with Everlasting Immortal Masterpieces Yang Jianxin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 On the Invention of Wood Blocks for Printing in China Li Zhizhong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 The Calligraphy and Printing Cultural Heritage of Gansu – The Development of the Engraved Printing Process and Papermaking: An Archaeological Approach Yi Xumei and Lu Xiuwen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Categories, Features and Social Backgrounds of the Existing Wood Blocks for Printing in China Xiao Dongfa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 One of the Great Wonders in the Library’s Collection – A Case Study on Wood Blocks for Printing in the Zhejiang Library Lin Zuzao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
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From Prototype to Red Print: A Study on the Primary Source in Yushutang congshu of the Test Procedure of the New Woodblock Printed Books in the Late Qing Dynasty Chen Zhenghong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 An Original Document on the Techniques of Clay-board Printing in Ancient China Li Guoqing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 The Inheritance and Development of Wood Letter Printing Culture in the Zhejiang Genealogies Ding Hong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 “Graph-Book” and Layout Design in Ancient China Huang Haijing and Xing Wen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Traditional Handmade Paper in China Today: Its Production and Characteristics Nancy Norton Tomasko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 The History of Ancient Paper Making at Wenzhou Area, Zhejiang, China Pan Mengbu and Zhang Yongsu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Some Issues on the Preservation and Reinforcement of Paper-based Relics He Yuhong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Research on Recovering the Damaged Ancient Manuscripts of the China Yi Minority Wan Qun and Liu Qiang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Mr. Liu Chenggan’s Train of Thought before and after Donating Jiaye Tang to the Zhejiang Library Li Xingzhong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 The “Pi & Lu” Poem Collection and Book Collection in Suzhou in the Late-Tang Dynasty Li Fubiao . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Rare Ming Editions in the Berlin State Library – The Example of the Lieguozhi Zhuan Hartmut Walravens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
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A Study of the Deceiving Tricks Employed by the Civil Service Examination Aids Publishers in the Mid- and Late-Ming Period Sim Chuin Peng. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 A Research Review of Chinese Books Exchanged between Ancient China, Japan and Korea and Its Influence Qian Chengjun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Closing Remarks Jan Bos, Secretary, IFLA RBMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 List of Papers for the 2006 IFLA RBMS Pre-Conference in Hangzhou, China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Afterword Cheng Xiaolan and Lin Zuzao. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We wish to thank the following organizations for hosting this Pre-conference: IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Section Cultural Department of Zhejaing Provincial Government, China We also wish to acknowledge the following organizations for sponsoring and sup- porting this Pre-conference: Zhejiang Library, China Zhejiang Provincial Society for Library Science, China Zhejiang Provincial Society for Social and Information Science, China Tianyi Ge Museum, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China Huabao Zhai Fuhan Cultural Co. Ltd., Zhejiang, China Special thanks to: Dr. Alex Byrne, President of IFLA Dr. Marian Koren, Deputy of IFLA Dr. Zhan Furui, Curator of China National Library, Director of China Society for
Library Science Ms. Liu Xiaoqin, Deputy Director of the Social Cultural Department of the Cultural Ministry of the State Council
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PREFACE
Alex Byrne, IFLA President
The 2006 Pre-Conference of the IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Section was generously hosted by the Cultural Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Gov- ernment in the beautiful and historically important city of Hangzhou, China. As is evident from these Proceedings, the program dealt with many aspects of the long history of Chinese writing and printing, cultural heritage and library work.
That long history has extended from characters scratched on ancient bones to contemporary applications of information and communication technologies. It is recorded and celebrated in the libraries of China including the vaults of the Na- tional Library of China and the historic pavilions of the Ancient and Rare Books Department of Zhejiang Library, overlooking the Emperor’s Lake at Hangzhou.
The sense of that history permeated the program and papers of the Pre- Conference which covered many aspects of printing in China and the challenges of conserving and preserving both the printed items and the wood blocks with which they were printed. Papers were presented by colleagues from as far afield as Ger- many and the United States as well as many by Chinese scholars and librarians. They demonstrated both the intrinsic interest of many beautiful examples and their value as vital elements of the heritage of humanity. But they also showed the skill and care applied by specialists to protect and, where necessary, repair rare books and manuscripts – as one paper put it, “repairing the old one like the original.”
The application of that expertise is a fine example of the central contribution which libraries and librarians make to the preservation and transmission of the memory of the world. Complementing the other services provided by public, edu- cational and specialist libraries and information services, the work of rare book and manuscript specialists ensures that we can all look back as well as looking forward. It ensures that we can all learn from the past but also enjoy the vitality of our predecessors’ cultural expression and appreciate the technological develop- ments which enabled humanity to progressively enhance its ability to create and communicate.
Formal sessions of the Pre-Conference were followed by visits to major cultural sites including the 440 year old library of Tianyi Ge in Ningbo City, which I pre- viously had the memorable fortune to visit thanks to the generosity of colleagues at Zhejiang Library. That visit and the others on the study tour reinforced the pro- fessional and scholarly exchanges during the program. They demonstrated the in- ternational collaboration fostered by the IFLA Rare Books and Manuscripts Sec- tion which is so visible in these Proceedings. 9 September 2007 Alex Byrne IFLA President
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WELCOME ON BEHALF OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE PRE-CONFERENCE
Yang Jianxin, Director of the Cultural Department of Zhejiang Provincial Government
and Chairman of The Preparatory Committee of the 2006 IFLA RBMS Pre-Conference in Hangzhou, China
Dear respected former Member of the IFLA Governing Board, Dr. Marian Koren; Respected Chair of IFLA RBMS, Dr. Susan Allen Respected Secretary of IFLA RBMS, Dr. Jan Bos; Ladies and Gentlemen: Good morning! The 2006 IFLA RBMS Pre-Conference, “The History and Cultural Heritage of Chinese Calligraphy, Printing, and Library Work,” hosted by IFLA RBMS and the Cultural Department of Zhejiang Provincial Government, now has its grand open- ing here on the banks of West Lake in the beautiful city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. Please allow me on behalf of the Conference Preparatory Com- mittee and the Cultural Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Government to ex- tend our warm welcome and sincere thanks to the leaders of the China Society for Library Science, the China National Library, and to the specialists, scholars, and colleagues who traveled thousands of miles from home and abroad to participate in this pre-conference.
In December 2004 in order to support the 72nd IFLA World Congress to be held in Seoul, Korea in 2006, the Zhejiang Library delivered an application to IFLA RBMS proposing a 2006 IFLA RBMS Pre-Conference in Hangzhou. In order to make this Pre-Conference successful, IFLA RBMS and the Cultural Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Government set up a Preparatory Committee, raised funds in different ways, called for papers from colleagues at home and…