The Historical Roots of Corruption: State Building, Economic Inequality, and Mass Education. Eric M. Uslaner Department of Government and Politics University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-7211 USA Senior Research Fellow, Center for American Political Science and Law, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, China [email protected] Bo Rothstein (corresponding author) The Quality of Government Institute Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg Box 711, 405 30 Gothenburg SWEDEN [email protected] Version July 21 2014 This is our second co-authored paper and in this paper we have reversed the order of authorship. Our contributions are equal. We would like to thank Sofia Jansson for excellent assistance for the section on religion and education in this article and David Sartorius for very helpful comments on early education in Latin America. We also thank Christian Bjørnskov, Michelle D’Arcy, Ase Berit Grodeland, Robert Klitgaard, Alex Lascaux, Fabrice Murtin, Katarina Ott, and Aleksandar Stulhofer for helpful comments. Forthcoming, Comparative Politics