-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
1/11
dc`rk niotmh
|fkfillkhcigkmg
`hdikh|
knyz|lkdmlihn |fk tkdrk|t mg ` cmt| ~mrc
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
2/11
97 \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl
\frmhk grme |fk \meo mg \{|`haf`e{hd(04>:;? od &Kinf|kkh|f Lyh`t|y# Hk~ Aihnlme)
Nmcl# E{tk{e mg Knyz|i`h @h|ip{i|ikt# D`irm# Knyz|
@h{eokr mg kvp{iti|kcy e`lk zikdkt mg g{rhi|{rk ~krk litdmwkrkl ih \{|`haf`e{ht |meo#ihdc{lihn |fit mrh`|k |frmhk# ~fmtk o`datkkh fkrkkvzcidi|cy cihat i| ~i|f |fk ym{hn zf`%r`mf &`hl tkk z`nkt
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
3/11
\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 9>
Tiv{r`ki# k`df lit|ihn{itfkl
oy ` t{h lita# `rk
t|`|imhkl zrm|kd|iwkcy mh
\{|`haf`e{ht |rizck%`|kg
&mr fkefke) drm~h(
\fk drm~h ~m{cl f`wk okkh
`lmrhkl ~i|f tiv t{h litat#
f`l mhk hm| okkh cmt|# niwihn
|fit kc`omr`|k fk`llrktt
zm~kr{c tmc`r dmhhm|`|imht(
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
4/11
96 \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl
@c|fm{nf z`r|i`ccy
motd{rkl# |fk
lkdmr`|iwk z`||krh
|f`| d`h ok
tkkh okhk`|f
\{|`haf`e{ht
tk`| hl ok|~kkh|fk df`ir cknt it
o`tkl mh |fktke`%
|`~y tyeomc |f`|
zrmdc`iet |fk {hi|y
m |fk |~m c`hlt# mr |fk
{hid`|imh m [zzkr hl
Cm~kr Knyz| {hlkr |fk
zf`r`mft r{ck &tkk z`nk
60)( \fit tyeomc ~`t m|kh
ihdc{lkl `| |fk o`tk m
rmy`c mr liwihk |frmhkt ih
Knyz|i`h r| &mr hm|fkr
kv`ezck# tkk z`nk ;4)(
\fk aihnt rinf| f`hl f`t
okkh lkzid|kl ~i|f |fk
|f{eo mh |fk ~rmhn tilk#
kkd|iwkcy niwihn fie |~m ck|
f`hlt( Knyz|mcmnit|t lm hm|
okcikwk |f`| \{|`haf`e{ht
rinf| f`hl ~`t ciak |fit ih cik#
`hl# ihlkkl# |fit `hme`cy it
hm| |f`| {h{t{`c ih zmr|r`y`ct
m `hdikh| Knyz|i`h zf`r`mft#
`c|fm{nf i| it hm| dck`r
~fy |fit ~`t |fk d`tk# mr~fk|fkr i| f`l `hy tyeomcid
tinhid`hdk( \f`| t`il# i| e`y
f`wk f`l tmek|fihn |m lm
~i|f |fk keihikl# @e`rh`
t|yck# hl ~i|f |fk z`ttiwk
z`r| |f`| |fk aihn zc`yt ih
|fit df`reihn tdkhk# mr |fk
rinf| f`hl ~`t |fm{nf| |m
keomly |fk `d|iwk# e`td{cihk
zrihdizck# `hl |fk ck| f`hl#
|fk rkwkrtk(
@hafktkh`e{ht drm~h
dmhtit|t m z`ir m mt|ridf
zc{ekt# `| |fk o`tk m ~fidf
it ` c`rnk tmc`r lita( \fk |`cc
dm~t fmrht |f`| khdcmtk|fit t|`|kcy dmhkd|imh rk
` tyeomcid ciha ok|~kkh
|fk p{kkh `hl t{df nrk`|
em|fkr nmllkttkt t
F`|fmr hl Itit(
\fk tf`zk m |fk wkttkc &`
tyeomc m keihihi|y) fkcl
oy @hafktkh`e{h kdfmkt
|f`| m |fk cm|{t gm~kr |m
|fk rinf| m fkr ck|
tfm{clkr( I| tkket
|f`| |fk om~c dmh|`iht
`h {hn{kh|t~kk|cy
zkr{ekl# hm lm{o|
`hl |f`| |fk p{kkh
it ih |fk zrmdktt m
|khlkrcy hmih|ihn fkr
f{to`hlt
taih ~i|f i|(
@hafktkh`e{ht cknt
`rk witiock |frm{nf |fk
`cemt| |r`htz`rkh| zck`|t
m fkr hk cihkh nm~h(
\fk @|kh it lkkhlkl oy i|t
m~h{r`k{t( \fk f`hlt |f`|
d`h ok tkkh `| |fk khl m |fk
t{h r`yt ke`h`|ihn rme |fk
@|kh tyeomcid`ccy okt|m~
t{htfihk# cik# `hl liwihk
ockttihnt {zmh |fk rmy`cdm{zck okcm~(
I| it hm| dck`r kv`d|cy ~f`| |fk
mrh`ekh|`c mobkd| litzc`ykl
mh ` t|`hl hkv| |m |fk p{kkh
it# o{| i| e`y ok ` g`||khkl%
m{| bk~kckl dmcc`r tieic`r |m
|fk e`nhidkh| kv`ezckt
~mrh oy |fk aihn hl p{kkh(
I| e`y ctm ok tinhid`h|
|f`| i|t tf`zk kdfmkt |f`|
m |fk tfkh rihn# tyeomc
m k|krhi|y `hl zrm|kd|imh(\fk ihdc{timh m ` cm|{t
fkrk it zrmo`ocy c`rnkcy
tyeomcid |m{df# mr |fk
cm|{t rkzrktkh|kl oir|f &`hl
rkt{rrkd|imh)# t ~kcc
`t ok`{|y(
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
5/11
\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 99
Lk|`ic mg |fk TkdmhlE{eeigmre Dmggihmg \{|`haf`e{h
d(04>:;? od &Kinf|kkh|f Lyh`t|y#Hk~ Aihnlme)
^mml ~i|f tfkk| nmcl ihc`il ~i|ftkeizrkdim{t t|mhkt# E{tk{e mgKnyz|i`h @h|ip{i|ikt# D`irm# Knyz|
@c|fm{nf kckekh|t m |fit t|riaihn rkz%rktkh|`|imh m Zf`r`mf \{|`haf`e{h`rk tyeomcid`ccy dmhdkrhkl ~i|f fit
lk`|f# |fk zmr|r`i| m |fk aihn |f`| t|`rktm{| `| {t rme mhk m fit dmiht niwkt{t `h kvdkcckh| ilk` m ~f`| |fk r{ckrm Knyz| ~m{cl f`wk cmmakl ciak ih cik#|f`| it# ~fkh rr`ykl ih {cc dkrkemhi`cihkry( Gmr ih |fit {zzkr%omly tkd|imhm |fk dmih ~k d`h tkk e`hy i|kett{df `t |fk drmma%`hl%c`ic tdkz%|krt `hl |fk hkekt fk`llrktt|f`|rkd{r |iek `hl |iek `n`ih ih ie`nktm Knyz|i`h zf`r`mft# o{| hkwkr ih
lkzid|imht m mrlih`ry emr|`ct( @hl~fick |fk aihnt t|i zmtk d`h ok z`r|cy`||rio{|kl |m dmiht rkp{irkekh|t hlciei|`|imht# |fit rkzrktkh|`|imht tieic`ri|y |mkp{`ccy mre`ccy zmtkl zmr|r`y`ct m m|fkr zf`r`mft ih hmh{hkr`ry dmh|kv|t# `cmhn ~i|f |fk aihnt ihkcyemlkckl# cikciak k`|{rkt# kh`ock {t |m ok rk`tmh`ocy dkr|`ih |f`| \{|`haf`e{h ~m{cl f`wk cmmakl e{dfciak |fit ~fick |fk md{t m h hdikh| Knyz|i`h t`drkl ri|{`c( \f`| t`il# kwkh |fm{nf |fit z`r|id{c`r aihn liklih fit c`|k |kkht# fit k`|{rkt ~icc f`wk okkh ilk`cikl# `llihn |m |fk tkhtk |f`| ~k `rk cmmaihn `| ` rmy`c in%{rkfk`l r`|fkr |f`h `h ihliwil{`c zkrtmh`ci|y# `h iezrkttimh |f`| it rkihmrdkl ~fkh ~k dmez`rk |fit ie`nk
~i|f |fk emrk ihmre`c# |frmhk%o`da zmr|r`y`c m \{|`haf`e{h `hl fit ~ik &tkk z`nkt 97 |m 96)(\fit it |fk tkdmhl mg ` hkt| mg |frkk dmggiht |f`| ~`t litdmwkrkl ihtilk |fk t|mhk t`rdmzf`n{t ih
\{|`haf`e{ht |meo( @cc `rk e{eeigmre# mr `h|frmzmil# ih tf`zk# ih rkgkrkhdk |m |fk e{eeigiklomly mg Mtirit# |fk liwihk r{ckr mg |fk {hlkr~mrcl# `hl i| it |fk lk`l zf`r`mft ilkh|igid`|imh ~i|f |fknml |f`| kvzc`iht fit d{rwkl ok`rl `hl fit drmttkl `hl |inf|cy t~`llckl `ret( ^fick |fit# |fk eillckdmggih# `hl |fk c`rnkr mhk |f`| khwkcmzkl i| `rk e`lk mg ~mml dmwkrkl ih nmcl gmic `hl ihc`il ~i|f tkei%zrkdim{t t|mhkt# nc`tt# `hl g`ikhdk# |fk dmggih |f`| i| ih |{rh khdcmtkl it e`lk mg z{rk# f`eekrkl nmcl#`hl i| it |fit |f`| d`ek ih|m lirkd| dmh|`d| ~i|f |fk ym{hn aihnt e{eeigikl dmrztk# hl ~i|f |fk nmclkhe`ta |f`| dmwkrkl fit g`dk(
Tkk `ctm Ork`t|zc`|k Lkzid|ihn Mtirit# Nml mg |fk @g|kr~mrcl &z`nkt ;6 |m 70)(
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
6/11
0:: \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl
\fk zf`r`mf
it ~k`rihn
`hkekt
fk`llrktt#
mhk m
|fk rmy`c
fk`llrkttkt( I| ~`t e`lk mt|rizkl# t|ikhkl cihkh# |fk
khlt okihn kh|~ihkl `| |fk
o`da |m mre ` hk`| o{cnk(
\fk mwkr`cc kkd| r`|fkr
rktkeockl ` cimht e`hk(
@ w{c|{rkt fk`l `hl
rk`rihn dmor` &{r`k{t) `rk
zmti|imhkl tilk oy tilk
`omwk |fk aihnt mrkfk`l#
n`ihn m{| `| |fk wik~kr(
\fk w{c|{rk rkzrktkh|t
|fk nmllktt Hkafok|# hl
[zzkr Knyz|# ~fick |fk
{r`k{t it kp{`|kl ~i|f |fk
nmllktt ^`lbk|# `hl Cm~kr
Knyz|( @t ~kcc `t okihn|fk zf`r`mft zkrtmh`c
zrm|kd|mrt# |fktk |~m
c`likt |mnk|fkr tyeomcik
|fk {hi|y m Knyz|t |~m
c`hlt( &Tkk ctm z`nkt ;6
|m 70()
G`ctk# t|r`z%mh
ok`rlt ~krk
~mrh oy ciwihn
zf`r`mft mh
dkrkemhi`c
mdd`timht(
\fk d{rwkl
khl m |fk
zc`i|kl ok`rl
|f`| `lmrht
\{|`haf`e{ht
kny tinh`ct
|f`| fk f`t
okdmek ` nml
ciak Mtirit(
Kyk e`ak{z ~`t ~mrh oy
|fk ekeokrt m om|f tkvkt
ih `hdikh| Knyz|( \fk c`witf
c`ykr m amfc m{|cihihn |fkaihnt kykt ~m{cl |fkrkmrk
hm| f`wk okkh {h|yzid`c#
nrm{hl nrkkh e`c`dfi|k
`ctm okihn ` zmz{c`r kyk%
khf`hdkr( @t ~kcc `t cmmaihn
kyk%d`|dfihncy ||r`d|iwk#
~k`rihn e`ak{z ~`t
|fm{nf| |m zrm|kd| |fk kykt
rme zm|kh|i`c l`e`nk
d`{tkl oy om|f |fk t{ht
nc`rk hl md{c`r ihkd|imht
&tkk ctm z`nk 044)(
\fkrk `rk ` h{eokrm rk`tmht ~fy nmcl
~`t {tkl |m khd`tk |fk
zf`r`mft e{eey( Girt|cy#
i|t ok`{|y# r`ri|y# `hl
dmt|cihktt rkgkd|kl |fk
aihnt kv`c|kl t|`|{t `| |fk
zihh`dck m |fk Knyz|i`h
tmdi`c t|r{d|{rk( Tkdmhlcy#
okd`{tk i| ~`t dmhtilkrkl
|m ok ihlkt|r{d|iock# i|t
zr`d|id`c hl tyeomcid
{tk ih |fk aihnt o{ri`c
~`t zzrmzri`|k# mr |fk
zf`r`mf# i| ~`t okcikwkl#
~m{cl ok rkomrh |kr lk`|f
`hl ~m{cl |fkh ciwk mh
mr k|krhi|y( @hl# |firlcy#
nmcl zrmdc`iekl |fk aihnt
zkrdkiwkl liwihi|y# mr |fk
gktf m |fk t{h nml _k ~`t
|fm{nf| |m dmhtit| m |fit
tfihihn# nmclkh ek|`c(
\fk drmma hl
g`ic ~krk
iezmr|`h|
dmezmhkh|t m
|fk Knyz|i`h
rmy`c rkn`ci`(
L`|ihn o`da |m|fk l`yt ~fkh |fk
`hdikh| Knyz|i`ht
~krk hme`lt ~fm
lrmwk |fkir d`||ck
`hl m|fkr ciwkt|mda
`fk`l m |fke# |fk
drmma tyeomcikl
dmh|rmc `hl
r{ckrtfiz#
~fick
|fk g`ic
lkhm|kl
zm~kr `hl`{|fmri|y(
@ z`ir m lkdmr`|iwk#m{|tzrk`l ~ihnt t|rk|dfkt
zrm|kd|iwkcy rme mhk m
|fk aihnt {zzkr `ret |m
|fk m|fkr( \fk ~ihnt |f`|
`lmrh |fit dmh &tmek m
~fidf `rk m{| m tinf| ih |fit
ie`nk) okcmhn |m Hkafok|
`hl ^`lbk|# ~fm e`y ih
|{rh ok tyeomcid`ccy cihakl
~i|f |fk nmllktt Itit#
~fm zc`ykl ` wi|`c z`r|
ih rkt{rrkd|ihn fkr
f{to`hl Mtiritrme |fk lk`l#
`hl |fkir tit|kr
Hkzf|fyt &tkk
z`nkt ;6 |m
70)(
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
7/11
\fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl 0:0
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
8/11
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
9/11
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
10/11
0:< \fk @hdikh| Knyz|i`h ^mrcl
@ nmclkh w{c|{rk zzk`rt
|m dmwkr Hkkr|`rit fk`l
~i|f i|t omly( \fk oirl
rkzrktkh|t E{|# nmllktt
m em|fkrfmml ~fm ~`t
~mrtfizkl ih \fkokt `t |fk
~ik m |fk drk`|mr nml @e{h
`hl |fk em|fkr m Afmht &mr
Afmht{)# ` emmh nml( \fit fk`llrktt~fidf
t{zzmr|t ` z`ir m |`cc zc{ekt
`hl ` t{h lita ih zmr|r`y`ct
m Hkkr|`ri kctk~fkrk ih
fkr |meo &tkk# mr kv`ezck#
z`nkt 77 |m 76)|fkrkmrk
kvzcidi|cy cihat |fk p{kkh
~i|f E{| `hl |fk zrihdizck
m liwihk em|fkrfmml# `hl
dmhtkp{kh|cy `ctm ~i|f |fk
nmllkttkt Hkafok| &tkk
z`nkt ;6 |m 70) `hl Itit(
@c|fm{nf i| it iezmr|`h|
|m rkekeokr |f`| `hdikh|
Knyz|i`ht ~krk zrktkh|kl
`t ilk`cikl wkrtimht m
|fkir `d|{`c tkcwkt ih |meo
zmr|r`i|t# |fk fmhmrt |f`|
fkr f{to`hl tfm~krkl {zmh
fit `wmri|k ~ikihdc{lihn
` |kezck lklid`|kl |m fkr
ih @o{ Tieokcck`l {t |m
okcikwk |f`| Hkkr|`ri e{t|
f`wk okkh tzkd|`d{c`rcy
ok`{|i{c ~me`h(
@hl tfk dkr|`ihcy zrktkh|t
`h `||r`d|iwk tinf| fkrk#
~i|f fkr twkc|k# cmhn%cknnkl
gn{rk okihn witiock |frm{nf
|fk |r`htz`rkh| mclt m
fkr zck`|kl nm~h# `hl fkr
c{v{rim{t nmclkh lmrhekh|t
lr`~ihn `||kh|imh |m fkr
oc`da f`ir `hl temm|f taih(
\fk t|` |f`|
Hkkr|`ri fmclt
ih fkr rinf|
f`hl it ` tkafke
tdkz|kr( \fit
tyeomcikt fkr
`{|fmri|y hl
iezmr|`hdk `t `
p{kkh m Knyz|
&tkafke ek`ht
einf| mr zm~kr)(
Hkgkr|`ri Zc`yihn Tkhk|d(0?9>006; od &Hihk|kkh|f Lyh`t|y# Hk~ Aihnlme)
Lk|`ic mg ` ~`cc z`ih|ihn grme |fk |meo mg P{kkh Hkgkr|`ri# W`ccky mg |fk P{kkht# \fkokt# Knyz|
\fk fikrmncyzfid ihtdriz|imh |m |fk rinf| m |fk kckn`h| c`ly ih |fit lk|`ic ihmret {t |f`| tfk it Mtirit|fk Nrk`| _my`c ^ik# Eit|rktt m |fk \~m C`hlt Hkkr|`ri# b{t|iikl okmrk Mtirit |fk nrk`| nml(\fk tdkhk it z`ih|kl mh ` ~`cc m fkr |meo# Hkkr|`rit h`ek okihn cihakl ~i|f |f`| m Mtirit ih ` zfr`tkfmzk{ccy iezcyihn |f`| |fk ~ik m Zf`r`mf _`ekttkt II f`l z`ttkl e{t|kr ih |fk nmlt f`cc m b{lnekh||m okdmek mhk ~i|f Mtirit ih |fk hkv| ~mrcl( Ciak e`hy |meo z`ih|ihnt# |fk winhk||k tfm~h fkrk e`y {c|i%e`|kcy ok dmhdkrhkl ~i|f kht{rihn |f`| Hkkr|`ri ciwkl mh |kr lk`|f# o{| ih |fk zrmdktt i| ctm niwkt {t `tdih`|ihn ihtinf| ih|m fm~ |fit Hk~ Aihnlme Knyz|i`h p{kkh cmmakl `hl ciwkl l{rihn fkr cik|iek(
Hkkr|`ri it lkzid|kl zz`rkh|cy | ckit{rk# zc`yihn tkhk|# |fk emt| zmz{c`r om`rl n`ek ih `hdikh| Knyz|(Ih e`hy rktzkd|t# tkhk| rktkeockl |fk n`ek m dfkdakrt |f`| ~k t|icc zc`y |ml`y# ~i|f |~m zc`ykrt wyihn~i|f mhk `hm|fkr |m ok |fk irt| |m `lw`hdk mhk m |fkir iwk mr tkwkh zikdkt rme mhk khl |m |fk m|fkr
`drmtt ` dfkdakrom`rl &ih tkhk|t d`tk# ` cmhn# rkd|`hn{c`r mhk dmezritihn |frkk rm~t m |kh tp{`rkt)(Tkhk| tkket |m f`wk okkh tieic`r |m th`akt `hl c`llkrt# |mm# ih |f`| |fk |frm~ihn m ah{dackomhkt mrt|idat|fk `hdikh| Knyz|i`h kp{iw`ckh| m lidklk|kreihkl fm~ e`hy tp{`rkt dm{cl ok drmttkl `|` |iek# ~i|f dkr|`ih tp{`rkt ihdmrzmr`|ihn kckekh|t m nmml mr o`l c{da( \f`| Hkkr|`ri it `zz`rkh|cy~i|fm{| `h mzzmhkh|# |fk cihat ok|~kkh |fk tdkhkt ih fkr |meo `hl Df`z|kr 0> m |fk Omma m |fk Lk`l&ih ~fidf tkhk| it ekh|imhkl)# |f`| |fk ~mrl tkhk| ek`ht z`ttihn# `hl |fk dmeemh ihdc{timh m tkhk|om`rlt `hl zikdkt ih `hdikh| Knyz|i`h |meot |mnk|fkr e`ak ` dmezkccihn d`tk mr |fk n`ek `ctm f`wihnzrmm{hl tyeomcid tinhiid`hdk ih rkzrktkh|ihn |fk z`tt`nk m |fk lkdk`tkl |frm{nf |fk {hlkr~mrcl# |fkzrik mr rk`dfihn |fk m|fkr tilk okihn ieemr|`ci|y(
Tkk `ctm \fk Nmlt Mtirit `hl @|{e &z`nkt ;? |m ;;)(
-
8/9/2019 The Hidden Life of Ancient Egypt
11/11
\fk z`||krh |f`| lkdmr`|kt
|fk tilk m Hkkr|`rit |frmhk
it rkeihitdkh| m |fk tkrkaf#
mr z`c`dk# fikrmncyzf#
tinh`cihn |f`| |fit it ` rmy`c
tk`| &tkk `ctm z`nk
