The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union.

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

The Hand That Will Rule the World One

Big Union

UnionsUnions• In the early days, the U.S. government had no laws In the early days, the U.S. government had no laws for for

factories.factories.• Factories could hire children, make people work Factories could hire children, make people work long hours, give long hours, give

no lunch breaks, etc.no lunch breaks, etc.• (2) 59 HOURS A WEEK / 22 CENTS AN HOURS(2) 59 HOURS A WEEK / 22 CENTS AN HOURS• Unions would represent the workers and Unions would represent the workers and (1)ask for (1)ask for better better

wages and more benefits.wages and more benefits.• The formation of unions drastically improved The formation of unions drastically improved working working

conditions in America.conditions in America. Two types of workers were part of industrial America:Two types of workers were part of industrial America:

• Craft Workers-had special skills Craft Workers-had special skills • Common Laborers-had few skillsCommon Laborers-had few skills

(3)Workers grouped to help each other(3)Workers grouped to help each other(4) Stop workforce with a lockout(4) Stop workforce with a lockout

Labor Force Distribution

1870-1900

Labor Force Distribution

1870-1900

Child LaborChild Labor

The Changing American

Labor Force

The Changing American

Labor Force

Child LaborChild Labor

“Galley Labor”“Galley Labor”

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Unions part 2Unions part 2

• Many large companies did not like Many large companies did not like unions.unions.

• These companies would hire These companies would hire “detectives” to try and find union “detectives” to try and find union organizers.organizers.

• If you were caught as a union man, you were put If you were caught as a union man, you were put on the on the blacklistblacklist..

• Many immigrants were on the blacklist Many immigrants were on the blacklist due to unions from Europe. due to unions from Europe.

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement

““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor

““scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaignP. R. campaign

PinkertonsPinkertons

lockoutlockout

blacklistingblacklisting

yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts

court injunctionscourt injunctions

open shopopen shop

boycottsboycotts

sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations

informational informational picketingpicketing

closed shopsclosed shops

organized organized strikesstrikes

““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad StrikeThe Great Railroad Strike

• In July 1877 the In July 1877 the Baltimore and OhioBaltimore and Ohio (B&O) (B&O) RailroadRailroad announced it was cutting announced it was cutting wages.wages.

• Workers got mad and organized a strike.Workers got mad and organized a strike.

• It involved 80,000 workers and over 60% of It involved 80,000 workers and over 60% of the nations railways.the nations railways.

• It took police, state militias, and federal It took police, state militias, and federal troops troops 1212 days to restore order. days to restore order.

• Over 100 people were killed and $10 million Over 100 people were killed and $10 million in damages.in damages.

“Solidarity Forever!”“Solidarity Forever!” * * * *

Through our sisters and our brothersThrough our sisters and our brothers we can make our union strong, we can make our union strong,For respect and equal value, For respect and equal value, we have done without too long. we have done without too long.We no longer have to tolerate We no longer have to tolerate injustices and wrongs, injustices and wrongs,Yes, the union makes us strong!Yes, the union makes us strong!

CHORUS:CHORUS:Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,Solidarity forever,For the union For the union makes us strong! makes us strong!

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

• This organization was founded in 1869This organization was founded in 1869

• (5) head labor union in 1910s(5) head labor union in 1910s

• Terrence PowderlyTerrence Powderly was the leader. was the leader.

• He fought for He fought for • (6) 8 hour work days and equal pay for women (6) 8 hour work days and equal pay for women

among other reforms.among other reforms.

– By 1885 they had over 700,000 members.By 1885 they had over 700,000 members.

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly

An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor

Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.

ù Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.

ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.

ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.

ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.

ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.

ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.

ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

(7) Haymarket Riot(7) Haymarket Riot

• On May 1On May 1stst 1886 there was a called 1886 there was a called (8)strike across the country (8)strike across the country for the 8 for the 8

hour work day.hour work day.– Many cities had strikes including Many cities had strikes including (9)Chicago(9)Chicago..

• On May 3On May 3rdrd at the at the McCormick McCormick Harvesting Machine CompanyHarvesting Machine Company strike, strike, police shot 4 people.police shot 4 people.

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Riot part 2Haymarket Riot part 2

– On May 4On May 4thth people gathered in Chicago’s people gathered in Chicago’s Haymarket SquareHaymarket Square to discuss the shooting. to discuss the shooting.

• This rally got violent.This rally got violent.

• Someone threw a bomb at police.Someone threw a bomb at police.• Over 100 people were injured.Over 100 people were injured.• The police arrested 8 German immigrants.The police arrested 8 German immigrants.• Some of these German men were members Some of these German men were members

of the Knights of Labor which hurt the of the Knights of Labor which hurt the organizations reputation.organizations reputation.

• (10) 5 arrested and indicted / 4 executed(10) 5 arrested and indicted / 4 executed

Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

A “Compa

nyTown”:

Pullman, IL

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Pullman StrikePullman Strike• TheThePullman Palace Car Company led by Pullman Palace Car Company led by (12) (12) George George

Pullman Pullman built train cars to be pulled behind built train cars to be pulled behind locomotives. locomotives. • This company required its workers to This company required its workers to

(13)live in company apartments and buy goods (13)live in company apartments and buy goods from company stores.from company stores.

• Then, the company began to cut workers wages.Then, the company began to cut workers wages.(14)making it harder to pay rent & increased (14)making it harder to pay rent & increased

pricesprices• A rail car boycott erupted across the country A rail car boycott erupted across the country

(15) paralyzing US Economy(15) paralyzing US Economy• To end the boycott, Officials To end the boycott, Officials (16)ordered the U.S. (16)ordered the U.S.

Mail cars to be attached to the Pullman Cars.Mail cars to be attached to the Pullman Cars.• President Grover ClevelandPresident Grover Cleveland gave the order to gave the order to keep keep

the mail running.the mail running.• Eventually the boycott ended.Eventually the boycott ended.

The Pullman Strike of 1894

The Pullman Strike of 1894

Government by injunction!Government by injunction!

President Grover Cleveland

President Grover Cleveland

If it takes the entire army and navy to If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card

will be delivered!will be delivered!

(11)Homestead,PA Steel Strike

(1892)

(11)Homestead,PA Steel Strike

(1892)

The Association of The Association of Iron & Steel WorkersIron & Steel Workers

Homestead Steel Homestead Steel WorksWorks

AF of LAF of L• MarxismMarxism was on the rise during this was on the rise during this time. time.

Karl Karl Marx Marx felt the class struggle between the felt the class struggle between the workers and the owners workers and the owners shaped society and shaped society and that their would ultimately be a revolution.that their would ultimately be a revolution.

• (18) Samuel Gompers (18) Samuel Gompers was the first leader for was the first leader for the the (17)American Federation of Labor (17)American Federation of Labor

(AFL).(AFL).• This was the most dominant union in the late This was the most dominant union in the late

1800’s.1800’s.• The AF of L fought for higher wages, The AF of L fought for higher wages, better better

working conditions, and 8 hour working conditions, and 8 hour workdays.workdays.• Gompers was popular because he wanted to Gompers was popular because he wanted to

negotiate rather than strike.negotiate rather than strike.

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

The American Federation

of Labor: 1886

Samuel GompersSamuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workers

How the AF of L Would Help the

Workersù Catered to the skilled worker.Catered to the skilled worker.

ù Represented workers in matters of Represented workers in matters of national legislation.national legislation.

ù Maintained a national strike fund.Maintained a national strike fund.

ù Evangelized the cause of unionism.Evangelized the cause of unionism.

ù Prevented disputes among the many Prevented disputes among the many craft unions.craft unions.

ù Mediated disputes between Mediated disputes between management and labor.management and labor.

ù Pushed for Pushed for closed shopsclosed shops..

Mother Jones: “Most dangerous woman in the

world”

Mother Jones: “Most dangerous woman in the

world” Mary Harris.Mary Harris.

Organizer for theOrganizer for theUnited MineUnited MineWorkers.Workers.

Founded the SocialFounded the SocialDemocratic Party Democratic Party in 1898.in 1898.

One of the founding One of the founding members of the I. W. members of the I. W. W. in 1905.W. in 1905.

WTULWTUL

Lead way for Lead way for

(19) Teachers, (19) Teachers, Nurses, & Sales Nurses, & Sales Clerk JobsClerk Jobs

Workers Benefits Today

Workers Benefits Today

Right-to-Work States Today

Right-to-Work States Today

The SocialistsThe Socialists

Eugene V. DebsEugene V. Debs

Unionism & Globalization?

Unionism & Globalization?

Socialism is not communism and takes some controlSocialism is not communism and takes some control

Is it alright for people to outsource jobs to other Is it alright for people to outsource jobs to other countriescountries

Ideas for collective bargainingIdeas for collective bargaining

There’s no superbowlThere’s no superbowl

Unionism & Unionism & Globalization?Globalization?

Who cares and so what?Who cares and so what?

Unionism & Unionism & Globalization?Globalization?

Who cares and so what?Who cares and so what?

Ch. 5 sec 4- Tech Time-Ch. 5 sec 4- Tech Time-

1 -Improve, wages, hours, conditions1 -Improve, wages, hours, conditions 16- Used the US mail16- Used the US mail

2 -59 hours / 22 cents an hour2 -59 hours / 22 cents an hour 17- American Federation of Labor17- American Federation of Labor

3-3- workers grouped to help each otherworkers grouped to help each other 18 - Samuel Gompers18 - Samuel Gompers

4-4- workers don’t workworkers don’t work 19- Teachers, Nurses, Sales Clerk19- Teachers, Nurses, Sales Clerk

5- head labor unions in 1910s5- head labor unions in 1910s

6- 8 hr work day , pay for women, no child labor6- 8 hr work day , pay for women, no child labor

7- Haymarket Riot7- Haymarket Riot

8- Nationwide strike8- Nationwide strike

9- Chicago9- Chicago

10- 5 arrested, 4 executed10- 5 arrested, 4 executed

11- Homestead, PA11- Homestead, PA

12- George Pullman12- George Pullman

13- Live in & Buy good from company stores13- Live in & Buy good from company stores

14- pay rent & high prices14- pay rent & high prices

15- Paralyze Economy15- Paralyze Economy