-
Eurotech Fire Systems Ltd19/20 Stratfield Park, Elettra
Avenue,Waterlooville, Hampshire PO7 7XN
www.eurotechfire.com | T +44 (0) 203 141 0999 | E
[email protected]
©2010 Eurotech Fire Systems Ltd.
All product information is correct at time of the guide being
produced. Eurotech Fire SystemsLimited cannot be held responsible
for any omissions or errors. The company reserves the
right to change specifications of products at any time and
without prior notice.
© Eurotech Fire Systems Limited 2010
The Guide To FireAlarm Systems Design
BS5839 PART 1: 2002
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The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order (RRO)became law on 1
October 2006
What is RRO?Fire authorities no longer issue firecertificates
and those previously inforce will no longer have legalstatus. The
Regulatory Reform (FireSafety) Order (RRO) replaces mostfire safety
legislation with one neworder. It means that any person whohas some
level of control inpremises must take steps to reducerisk from
fire, consider how tocontain a fire should one break outand then
also make sure people cansafely escape if there is a fire.
• All fire alarm designs should bebased on a fire risk
assesment
• All fire risk assesments shouldbe carried out by a
competentperson
• Fire risk assesments must bereviewed annually
• Identifying fire hazards such assources of ignition, fuel or
oxygen
• Identifying all people at risk in andaround the premises
• Evaluating the risk of a fire startingor the risk to people
from a fire
• Removing or reducing fire hazardsor risks to people from a
fire
• Protecting people by providing fireprecautions
• Recording any major findings
• Preparing an emergency plan
• Informing and instructing anyrelevant people
• Providing training for staff and guests
• Reviewing the fire risk assesmentregularly and make changes
wherenecessary
• Keeping accurate fire riskassessment records
Legally you must comply! What constitutes a firerisk
assesment?
All fire alarm designs should be based on a fire risk
assesment
Fire alarm and detectionsystems are categorisedin the following
way:
Property protection fire systemsP1 AFD installed throughout
all
areasP2 AFD installed only in defined
areas
Life protection fire systemsL AFD designed to primarily
protect human lifeL1 AFD installed throughout all
areasL2 AFD installed only in defined
areas in addition to L3L3 AFD installed in escape routes
and rooms opening onto theseroutes
L4 AFD installed in escape routescomprising circulation areasand
spaces such as corridorsand stairways
L5 A non-perspective system inwhich protected area(s) and/orthe
location of detectors isdesigned to satisfy a specificfire risk
objective (other thanthat of L1 to L4)
M System design to be operatedmanually (no AFD)
*AFD Automatic Fire Detection
This guide is intended to be an aid to designers and installers
of firedetection systems. It is not to be used as a substitute for
BS5839which should be read in full. In order to help identify the
relevantsections each diagram includes a reference to BS5839 Part
1.
P1 P2
L1L4 L3 L2
BS
5839 Sectio
n 5
Where does the order apply?Virtually all premises and nearly
every type of building, structure and open space.
If you would like to find out more about the services that
Eurotech can provide,please contact us on: T +44 (0) 203 141 0999
or at www.eurotechfire.com
32
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BS
5839 Sectio
n 22.3
BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 1
3.2.
3B
S5839 S
ection
35.2.3BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 2
2.3
A person searching a zone for a fire in a non-addressable fire
system shouldnot have to travel for more than 60m to identify the
source of a fire.
60m MAX
(Thermistor)
HEAT DETECTOR
>150mm x
600mm x
-
BS
5839 Sectio
n 22.3B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
22.
3B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
22.
3
When mounted on a ceiling, smoke detection devices have an
individual coverageof 7.5m radius. However these radii must overlap
to ensure that there are no‘blind spots’. therefore individual
coverage can be represented by a squaremeasuring 10.6x10.6m giving
an actual area coverage of 112m2 per device.
7.5m
5.3m 10.6m
10.6m x 10.6m = 112m2
SMOKE DETECTORS
Apex >150mm Apex>600mm
SMOKE DETECTORSHEAT DETECTORS
Ceiling with an apex
Apex
-
BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 2
2.3 BS
5839 Sectio
n 22.3
BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 2
2.3
In corridors less than 2m wide the horizontal spacing of
detectors may beincreased, the areas of coverage need not overlap
as in the case of a room.Any corridor over 2m wide is deemed a room
and device spacing shouldfollow the standard for rooms (see page
6).
Please note, heat detectors are not recommended for use in
corridorsthat are escape routes.x
10%Ceilingheight
Devices should not be mounted within 500mm of any obstruction.
If the top of asolid partition is less than 300mm from the ceiling
then treat it as a wall.Similarly, ceiling obstructions such as
beams should be treated as walls if deeperthan 10% of the ceiling
height.
Do not put detectors less than 1m from air inlets or air
circulating units.
98
7.5m
15m 15m
SMOKE DETECTORS
7.5m 7.5m
2m
x1m
x
-
BS
5839 Sectio
n 22.2B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
22.
3B
S5839 S
ection
22.2BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 2
2.2
Never mount devices closer than twice the depth of light
fittings or otherobstructions on the ceiling.
x
D
800mm
xxxxx
Voids less than 800mm in height need to have independent
coverage, unlessfire or smoke is able to spread from one area to
another through the void or riskassessment shows AFD (Automatic
Fire Detection) to be necessary.
Vertical shafts like lifts and stairways should have a device
mounted within1.5m of any opening.
Enclosed stairways should have a detector at the top of the
stairway and on eachmain landing.
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13
BS
5839 Sectio
n 16.2.1B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
20.
2
A person should not have to travel more than 45m along an escape
route toreach a manual call point (25m if disabled person to
operate, or rapid firedevelopment is likely). Manual call points
should be sited at all stairwells andexits from the building.
45m MAX
+5dB(A)@ 500Hz to 1,000Hz
65dB(A)@ 500Hz to 1,000Hz
BS
5839 Sectio
n 16.2.1B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
20.
2
1.4m(+/- 200mm)
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Ex 0 W
Sounder device cabling should be arranged so that in the event
of a fault at leastone sounder will remain operational during a
fire condition.
The centre of the frangible element of the manual call point
should be positioned1.4m (+/-200mm) from floor level (unless a
wheelchair user is likely to be the firstperson to raise the
alarm).
12
The minimum sound level should be 65dB(A) or 5dB(A) above a
backgroundnoise which is louder than 60dB(A) (if lasting more than
30 seconds) and at afrequency of between 500Hz and 1000 Hz. The
maximum sound level should notbe greater than 120dB(A) at any
normal accessible point. May be reduced to60dB(A) in stairways,
enclosures up to 60m2 and specific points of limited extent.
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BS
5839 Sectio
n 17
BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 1
6.2.
1B
S5839 S
ection
26.2B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
16.
2.1
For areas where people are sleeping, sounder devices should
produce aminimum 75dB(A) at the bed-head with all doors shut. in
buildings providingsleeping accommodation for a significant number
of people, all bedroomsshould have both audible and visual
alarms.
75dB(A)
>2.1m
-20dB(A)
Nor
mal
Doo
r
2m
Decibel loss occurs through doors: approximately - 20dB(A)
through a normaldoor and approximately -30dB(A) through a fire
door. Unless a sounder isinstalled in a bedroom, it is unlikely
that 75dB(A) will be achieved.
Visual alarms such as beacons should always be mounted at a
minimumheight of 2.1m from floor level.
Unless MICC cable is used, all cabling should be mechanically
protected fromfloor level up to a height of 2m.
-30dB(A)
Fire
Doo
r
1514
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BS
5839
Sec
tio
n 2
6B
S58
39 S
ecti
on
12.
2.2
Fire resistant cabling is now required within the whole fire
alarm systemincluding the mains supply cables. The use of non-fire
resisting cables whethermechanically protected by fire resisting
construction or not, will no longercomply with BS5839 Part 1.
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Ex 0 W
MAINS SUPPLY
EOL
EOL 6 Remote Indicator
ConventionalBase
Standard Conventonal base EURB-4
3
1 5
EOL Resistor = T3 and T6
1
6
5
3
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
Ex 0 W
2000M2 2000M2
2000M22000M2 2000M2 6 Remote Indicator
IntelligentBase
Standard Intelligent base EURB-4-EV
3
2
1 51
6
5
3
2
Short circuit isolators limit the effect of one fault to a
maximum of 2000m2. ‘2simultaneous faults on a circuit should not
disable protection within an areagreater than 10,000m2.
The EURB-4 standard conventional base from Eurotech should be
wired as above.
The EURB=4-EV standard intelligent base from Eurotech should be
wired as above.
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A battery powered, intelligent programming tool is available.
The Eurotech EV-AD2hand held programmer is light, robust and easy
to operate and is used for addressprogramming and functional
testing.
Intelligent manual call points and modules are generally
addressed by the use ofa simple 8 bit DIL switch allowing upto a
combination of 254 different addresses.
The following diagram indicates an address setting for a manual
call point with adevice address setting of 90.
ADDRESS90
Address switch below is set to 90Decimal
= OFF = ON
ON
OF
F
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1RED - SIG + ve
BLACK - SIG + ve
1918
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Installation considerations and key points
2120
• All mains supply isolators must be double pole and
suitablymarked. (25.2c&f)
• All cables to be fire resisting with a minimum
cross-sectionalarea of 1mm2.(26.2J)
• All joints to be fire resisting, junction boxes to be labelled
“FIREALARM’. (26.2)
• Enhanced cable to used where more than 4 zones of
phasedevacuation required, or multi storey systems.
(Un-sprinkleredover 30m) or risk assessment requires enhanced
cable. (26.2)
• Cable using trunking as a means of containment must be
clippedusing fire resistant supports within the trunking.
(26.2)
• Fire alarm control panel(s) are installed at a location
appropriatefor staff and fire-fighters. (23.2)
• Call points are required at all exits to open air - whether or
notthe exits are specifically designed to be fire exits.
• CO fire detectors should be spaced as per smoke detectors,
butcannot be used without smoke detectors on escape
routes.(28.1.8)
• Multi sensors, if used as combined type, space as
smokedetectors, if used at any time as a heat only then space as
perheat detectors. (26.1.6)
• Linear heat detection cable space as heat detectors.
(22.3)
• Unusual ceilings: Cellular ceiling, perforated ceilings or
ceilingswith closely spaced beams have special spacing and
installationrequirements, refer to section. (22.3 & tables 1
& 2)
• Bells & electronic sounders cannot be mixed (16.2.1c)
• Sound levels can be reduced to 60dB(A) in stairs, small
cellularoffices or enclosures of no more than approximately 60 sq
m,bedhead levels remain 75dB(A). (16.2.1)
• If the ambient background noise is above 90 dB visual
alarms(beacons) are required. (17.2a)
• Disabled toilets should be fitted with sounders and
beacons.(18.1)
• A minimum of one sounder is required in each fire
compartment.(16.2.1i)
• Full documentation required, test results as fitted drawings
etc.(Section 40)
• An installation certificate will be required. (41.2)
Continued
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1 The system complies with original specification / design
2 Any changes to original specification / design have
beenreferred to the system designer for approval
3 System has been installed to meet the requirements ofcategory
L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, P1, P2, M, other
4 Variations to the defined category have been identified andthe
schedule of variations agreed with the client
5 Cables meet requirements for standard / enhanced / mixed
6 Cables are segregated as required and suitably supported(no
plastic clips, cable ties or trunking used as sole meansof
support)
7 Cables are mechanically protected as required
8 Junction boxes are correctly labelled and identified
ondrawings. Connector boxes are fire resistant.
9 All cable insulation and continuity resistancemeasurements are
logged
10 All cable penetrations are sleeved and fire stopped
11 Mains supply is dedicated, non-switched, correctly usedand
labelled
12 Mains supply is correctly identified at all distribution
boards
13 Standby battery verification has been carried out for
allpower supplies
Installation and handover checklist
14 All batteries are clearly marked and labelled with date
ofinstallation
15 Field wiring is labelled and correctly terminated in all
andancillary equipment
16 Isolators are fitted as appropriate, operate correctly andare
marked on drawings
17 There are a minimum of two sounder circuits installed
18 Sound pressure levels have been checked and recorded andmeet
the minimum requirements
19 Detector type and spacing as appropriate to the
systemcategory
20 MCPs are located correctly and travel distance is
appropriateto the system category
21 Remote signalling has been checked for correct operation
toalarm receiving centre
22 Zone charts have been fitted in all appropriate
locations(adjacent to control equipment and repeaters)
23 As fitted drawings are complete and have been updatedwhere
required, including cable size and routing
24 Log book and operating instructions have been issued to
theresponsible person
25 The responsible person has been adequately trained in theuse
of the fire alarm system
�
2322
Continued
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