The Growth of Democracy

Chapter 11 Summary with Chapter 11 Summary with contributions from Ms. Susan M. contributions from Ms. Susan M.

PojerPojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

Chapter 11 Summary with Chapter 11 Summary with contributions from Ms. Susan M. contributions from Ms. Susan M.

PojerPojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua,

NYNY

Essential Essential Question:Question:Essential Essential Question:Question:

Champion of Champion of the the

“Common “Common Man”?Man”?

““King”King”Andrew?Andrew?OROR

Suffrage• What reasons might a person

of the 1820s and 1830s have for opposing universal white male suffrage?

• Suffrage for free African Americans?

• Suffrage for Women?

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

Voting Voting Requirements Requirements in the Early 19cin the Early 19c

How did state and territory voting qualifications change between 1800 and

1830? Why?

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Voter Turnout: Voter Turnout: 1820 - 18601820 - 1860

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?

Why Increased Why Increased Democratization?Democratization?3 White male suffrage increasedWhite male suffrage increased

3 Party nominating committees.Party nominating committees.

3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors.Presidential electors.

3 Spoils system.Spoils system.

3 Rise of Third Parties.Rise of Third Parties.

3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.)floats, etc.)

3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:election:

Dem-Reps Dem-Reps Natl. Reps.(1828) Natl. Reps.(1828) WhigsWhigs (1832) (1832) Republicans (1854) Republicans (1854)

Democrats (1828)Democrats (1828)

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

The “Common The “Common Man’s”Man’s”

Presidential Presidential CandidateCandidate

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Jackson’s Jackson’s Opponents in 1824Opponents in 1824

Henry ClayHenry Clay[KY][KY]

John Quincy John Quincy AdamsAdams[MA][MA]

John C. John C. CalhounCalhoun

[SC][SC]

William H. CrawfordWilliam H. Crawford[GA][GA]

Results of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 ElectionResults of the Results of the 1824 Election1824 Election

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

AA

““CorrCorrupt upt

BargaBargainin?”?”

Rachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel JacksonRachel Jackson

Final Divorce DecreeFinal Divorce Decree

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

Jackson in Jackson in Mourning for His Mourning for His

WifeWife

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

1828 Election 1828 Election ResultsResults

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

The Center of The Center of Population in thePopulation in theCountry Moves Country Moves

WESTWEST

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

The New The New “Jackson “Jackson Coalition”Coalition”

3 The Planter Elite in the The Planter Elite in the SouthSouth

3 People on the FrontierPeople on the Frontier

3 State Politicians – State Politicians – spoils spoils systemsystem

3 Immigrants in the Immigrants in the cities.cities.

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”

Jackson’s Faith Jackson’s Faith in the in the “Common “Common

Man”Man”3 Intense distrust of EasternIntense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” “establishment,” monopolies, & special monopolies, & special privilege.privilege.

3 His heart & soul was with His heart & soul was with thethe“plain folk.”“plain folk.”

3 Belief that the common man Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon was capable of uncommon achievements.achievements.

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The Reign of “King The Reign of “King Mob”Mob”

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

The The “Peggy Eaton “Peggy Eaton Affair”Affair”

1830183018301830 WebsterWebster::

Liberty and Union, now Liberty and Union, now andand forever, one and forever, one and inseparable.inseparable. JacksonJackson:: Our Federal Union—it must Our Federal Union—it must bebe preserved. preserved.

CalhounCalhoun:: The Union, next to our The Union, next to our liberty,liberty, most dear. most dear.

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict

1832 Tariff 1832 Tariff ConflictConflict3 1828 -->1828 --> “Tariff of “Tariff of

Abomination” Abomination”

3 1832 --> new tariff1832 --> new tariff

3 South Carolina’s South Carolina’s reactionreaction??

3 Jackson’s responseJackson’s response??

3 Clay’s “Compromise” Clay’s “Compromise” TariffTariff??

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal3 Jackson’s GoalJackson’s Goal??

3 1830 1830 Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

3 Cherokee Nation v. GACherokee Nation v. GA (1831)(1831) ** “domestic dependent “domestic dependent nation”nation”

3 Worcester v. GAWorcester v. GA (1832)(1832)

3 Jackson:Jackson: John Marshall has made hisJohn Marshall has made his decision, now let him decision, now let him enforce enforce it! it!

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

The Cherokee The Cherokee Nation After 1820Nation After 1820

Indian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian RemovalIndian Removal

Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)Trail of Tears Trail of Tears (1838-1839)(1838-1839)

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Jackson’s Professed “Love” Professed “Love”

forforNative AmericansNative Americans

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

Jackson’s Use of Jackson’s Use of Federal PowerFederal Power

VETOVETO

1830 1830 Maysville RoadMaysville Road projectproject in KY [state of his in KY [state of his political rival, Henry political rival, Henry Clay] Clay]

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

The National Bank The National Bank DebateDebate

NicholasNicholasBiddleBiddle

PresidentPresidentJacksonJackson

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

Opposition to the Opposition to the 22ndnd B.U.S. B.U.S.

“Soft”(paper) $

“Soft”(paper) $

“Hard”(specie) $

“Hard”(specie) $

3 state bankers state bankers feltfeltit restrained it restrained theirtheirbanks from banks from issuingissuingbank notes bank notes freely.freely.

3 supported rapid supported rapid

economic economic growth growth & speculation.& speculation.

3 felt that coin was felt that coin was

the only safethe only safecurrency.currency.

3 didn’t like any didn’t like any bankbankthat issued bankthat issued banknotes.notes.

3 suspicious of suspicious of expansion &expansion &speculation.speculation.

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!

The “Monster” Is The “Monster” Is Destroyed!Destroyed!3 ““pet banks”pet banks”??

3 1832 1832 Jackson vetoed Jackson vetoed thethe extension of the 2 extension of the 2ndnd National Bank of National Bank of thethe United States. United States.

3 1836 1836 the charter the charter expired.expired.

3 1841 1841 the bank went the bank went bankrupt! bankrupt!

The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”The Downfall of The Downfall of “Mother Bank”“Mother Bank”

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

An An 1832 1832 CartoCartoon:on:

““KingKingAndreAndrew”w”??

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

1832 Election 1832 Election ResultsResults

MainMainIssueIssue??

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1936) (1936)

The The Specie Specie CircularCircular (1936) (1936)3 ““wildcat banks.”wildcat banks.”

3 buy future federalbuy future federalland only with gold land only with gold ororsilver.silver.

3 Jackson’s goalJackson’s goal??

Results of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie CircularResults of the Results of the Specie CircularSpecie Circular$ Banknotes loose their Banknotes loose their value.value.

$ Land sales plummeted.Land sales plummeted.

$ Credit not available.Credit not available.

$ Businesses began to fail.Businesses began to fail.

$ Unemployment rose.Unemployment rose.

The Panic of 1837!The Panic of 1837!

The 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResultsThe 1836 Election The 1836 Election ResultsResults

Martin Van Martin Van BurenBuren

““Old Old Kinderhook”Kinderhook”

[O. K.][O. K.]

The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!The Panic of 1837 The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!Spreads Quickly!

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Andrew Jackson in Andrew Jackson in RetirementRetirement

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

Photo of Andrew Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844Jackson in 1844

(one year before his (one year before his death)death)

1767 - 18451767 - 1845