THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP Smart Charging of Plug-in Vehicles and Driver Engagement for Demand Management and Participation in Electricity.

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUPTHE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP http://gig.lbl.gov

Smart Charging of Plug-in Vehicles and Driver Engagement for Demand Management and

Participation in Electricity MarketsAgreement #EPC-14-057

Doug Black, Samveg Saxena, and Jason MacDonaldLawrence Berkeley National Lab

Second Annual California Multi-Agency Update on Vehicle-Grid Integration Research

December 14, 2015

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Project Overview

• Partners: LBNL, Alameda County, Kisensum, ChargePoint, and Prospect Silicon Valley-Bay Area Climate Collaborative.

• Alameda County (AlCo) objectives:– Offer free or low-cost charging to the public– Aim to reduce costs, particularly demand charges for both fleet and

privately-owned PEVs that use existing AlCo charging stations.

• Several AlCo buildings participate in Auto DR.• Need similar Auto DR of fleet EVs, particularly EVs charging

during peak periods, many of which are not fleet.

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Alameda County PEV Charging

• ~45 fleet EVs in 7 locations– Majority at AlCo Park garage in Oakland

• 66 L2 charging ports (and 40 L1) in 10 locations– Most located at AlCo Park

• AlCo estimates that monthly demand charges have increased from ~$100 to ~$1500 at the five locations with the most charging stations.

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

AlCo Park Weekday 15-min Demand Feb 2013

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

AlCo Park Weekday 15-min Demand Feb 2015

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Example of Shifting EV Charging Demand at AlCo Park

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

…

Smart Charging Control System Overview

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Smart ChargingControl System

…Fleet

Public/Employee(66 Ports)

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Smart Charging Control System

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LBNL V2G-Sim (Vehicle Powertrain

Model)

LBNLOptimization Algorithms

KisensumCharge

Controller

Kisensum Fleet

Management System

Driver App

ChargePointAPI

ChargePointCharging Stations

BuildingDemand

Data

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Alameda County Approach Summary

• Goal is to minimize charging costs to increase uptake of EVs by municipal and corporate fleets and increase public EVSE infrastructure.

• Provide smart charging solutions for fleet and public EVs. • Guarantee mobility needs are met while providing optimal

smart charging to maximize value / minimize costs.• Leverage fleet management and smart charging control

optimization methods developed in LA AFB V2G project.• Use OEM (ChargePoint) APIs to control charging.

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

VGI Research Directions

• EV/EVSE hardware and software that provides both bulk system services and feeder level power quality control.

• Probabilistic forecasting of available grid service capacity that could be provided by EVs.

• Inform grid service communication standards by identifying minimal set of EV/EVSE data and marginal value of additional data.

• Low-cost metering to meet needs of verifying grid service provision compared to existing baseline methods.

• Controlled lab testing of bi-directional grid service impact on EV batteries with protocols developed from pilot(s).

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Thanks!

Any questions:

Doug Black [email protected]

Samveg Saxena [email protected]

Jason MacDonald [email protected]

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Additional Slides

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THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

V2G-Sim: A Platform Enabling Cross-Disciplinary Research in VGI

Individual PEV driving/charging/V2G profile

PEV 1 PEV 2 PEV N

Grid-scale impacts

Bottom-up Approach

Model Architecture

Inputs offleet usage

statistics

Travel ItineraryGeneration for

Each Vehicle

OR

Inputs ofTravel Itineraryfor Each Vehicle

AutomatedDrive-CycleGeneration

VehiclePowertrain

Models

ChargingModels

Smart-Charging

Controllers

Detailed BatteryModels

BatteryDegradation

Models

Temporally- and Spatially-resolvedPEV-Grid Energy, Power, and Monetary

Interactions (Distribution, Wholesale, etc.)

(Sub-models for each vehicle) x N vehicles

V2G-Sim models the driving & charging of many individual vehicles to temporally & spatially predict how vehicles can benefit the electricity grid and how the grid will affect vehicles

e- $

Vehicle-to-Grid Simulator (V2G-Sim)Vehicle and vehicle-grid simulation code developed at Berkeley Lab, available for use by all stakeholders

Core objective: a platform to develop and test any user-defined charge / discharge control approach and co-

simulate with complementary models (e.g. distribution,

transmission, market, etc.)

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DER-CAM

Minimize total cost

Inputs: Outputs:

Objectives:

DER-CAM for LA AFB

Optimal market bidding schedule

Optimal vehicle charging schedule

Base Load & Reg Prices

Site load data

Regulation market prices

Site weather data

EV Energy & Availability

Forecasts:

Electricity tariff data

● Uncertainty in EV availability, EV charging requirements, Non-EV load, and regulation market prices are handled through forecasts and a robust approach to optimization in DER-CAM

EV travel schedules

EV technology data

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Trip SOC / Charging Flexibility Forecaster

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Module within Berkeley Lab’s MyGreenCar tool,being applied to quantify flexibility for EVs toalter charging patterns within AlCo VGI project

How the MyGreenCar Trip Planner Works:

1. Specify trip origin and destination

2. Trip forecaster determines likely route

3. Trip forecaster constructs a probabalistic drive cycle for the route(speed vs. time, and terrain vs. time profile)

4. Trip forecaster leverage’s MyGreenCar’s calibrated vehicle powertrain models to calculate required battery charge for the trip

5. Returns results to users of their SOC needs to make the trip

THE GRID INTEGRATION GROUP

Fleet Management System – Reservation

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Charge Control Display

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