THE GRID: Big 4 North American Sports League Operating Rules Fall 2016 League NFL MLB NBA NHL Size/Season Playoffs Roster size 32 teams, 8 divisions, 16 games. 4 rounds, 12 teams 4 wild cards 1- game knockouts with 4 1 st round byes 45 active / 53 total 30 teams, 6 divisions, 162 games. 4 rounds, 10 teams 4 wild cards (2012) WC play in, best of 5, best of 7, best of 7 25 active / 40 total 30 teams, 6 divisions, 82 games. 4 rounds, 16 teams, no reseeding All rounds best of 7(2003) 12 active / 15 total 30 teams, 4 divisions, 82 games. 4 rounds, 16 teams, top 3 in division + 4 wild cards; all rounds best of 7; no reseed 20 active / 23 total Bargaining Agreement Ten years. 2011-20. NFLPA is weak: decertified before 1993 free agency. Five years: 2012-16. MLBPA is strong: 2002 CBA was first without stoppage Ten years: 2011-20: Mutual option year in 2017. Work stoppages 1998-99; 2011-12. Ten years: 2013-22, Double option. Lock- out in 2004-05 and 2012-13seasons Free Agency Conditions Unrestricted free agency after 4 years. Restricted after 3 years Unrestricted free agency after 6 years. Arbitration 3-5 yrs.. Reserve 0-2 yrs. Unrestricted after 1st contract with first refusal rights to team. Unrestricted age 27after 4 years NHL. Restricted under age 27. Mean Salary $2.11M in 2014 from $395K in 1990. $3.82M in 2014 from $579K in 1990. $4.9M in 2014 from $717K in 1990. $2.58M in 2014 from $221K in 1990. Payroll Cap/ Luxury Tax Hard cap since 1994: 47-48.5% of AR after 2013; $155.27M in 2015. Minimum payroll 89% of cap. Luxury tax: 17.5% of payroll over $189M (2014-16); 30% - 40% for 2 nd & 3 rd breach and 50% for 4 th breach Soft cap since 1984: 49-51% of BRI. 2016 cap $70M, min 90% of cap. Lux tax 53.5% of BRI, 2016 threshold $84.74M. Hard cap since 2005: 50% of hockey related revenue HRR. Cap $71.4 in 2016 Max/min payroll +15%/-15% of midpoint Local Revenue Gate 20% of total and shared 66/34. Venue 20% unshared. Gate 30%, venue 28%, local media 22% of total revenue. 34% of local revenue shared. Gate 27%, venue 15%, local media 13% of total revenue.50% of local revenue shared. Gate 40%, venue 25%, media 20% of total. 5% of local revenue is shared. Central Revenue National media 60% of total, equal shares. 9 years, 2014-22 FOX, ESPN, CBS, DirecTV: $205M annually per club. National media 20% of total, equal shares. Eight-years 2014-21 FOX, TBS and ESPN: $51.7M annually per club. National media 27% of total, equal shares. Nine-year 2016-25 TNT and ABC/ESPN: $90.3M annually per club. National media 20% of total, equal shares. 10-year 2012-21 NBC; 12 years Rogers Sportsnet 2014-26: $21M annual per club. Forbes’ Mean Team Value Revenue share V/R = $1,966M / $347M = 5.67 2014 league revenue $11.1 billion Local/National split 33%/67% V/R = $1,200M / $262M = 4.58 2014 league revenue $7.8 billion Local/National split 50%/50% V/R = $1,106M / $160M = 6.93 2015 league revenue $4.8 billion. Local/National split 60%/40% V/R = $505M / $133M = 3.81 2015 league revenue $4 billion Local/National split 80%/20% Source: John Vrooman, Vanderbilt University
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THE GRID: Big 4 North American Sports League Operating Rules Fall 2016 League NFL MLB NBA NHL
Size/Season Playoffs
Roster size
32 teams, 8 divisions, 16 games. 4 rounds, 12 teams 4 wild cards 1- game knockouts with 4 1st round byes45 active / 53 total
30 teams, 6 divisions, 162 games. 4 rounds, 10 teams 4 wild cards (2012) WC play in, best of 5, best of 7, best of 7 25 active / 40 total
30 teams, 6 divisions, 82 games. 4 rounds, 16 teams, no reseeding All rounds best of 7(2003) 12 active / 15 total
30 teams, 4 divisions, 82 games. 4 rounds, 16 teams, top 3 in division + 4 wild cards; all rounds best of 7; no reseed 20 active / 23 total
Bargaining Agreement
Ten years. 2011-20. NFLPA is weak: decertified before 1993 free agency.
Five years: 2012-16. MLBPA is strong: 2002 CBA was first without stoppage
Ten years: 2011-20: Mutual option year in 2017. Work stoppages 1998-99; 2011-12.
Ten years: 2013-22, Double option. Lock-out in 2004-05 and 2012-13seasons
Free Agency Conditions
Unrestricted free agency after 4 years. Restricted after 3 years
Unrestricted free agency after 6 years. Arbitration 3-5 yrs.. Reserve 0-2 yrs.
Unrestricted after 1st contract with first refusal rights to team.
Unrestricted age 27after 4 years NHL. Restricted under age 27.
Mean Salary $2.11M in 2014 from $395K in 1990. $3.82M in 2014 from $579K in 1990. $4.9M in 2014 from $717K in 1990. $2.58M in 2014 from $221K in 1990.
Payroll Cap/ Luxury Tax
Hard cap since 1994: 47-48.5% of AR after 2013; $155.27M in 2015. Minimum payroll 89% of cap.
Luxury tax: 17.5% of payroll over $189M (2014-16); 30% - 40% for 2nd & 3rd breach and 50% for 4th breach
Soft cap since 1984: 49-51% of BRI. 2016 cap $70M, min 90% of cap. Lux tax 53.5% of BRI, 2016 threshold $84.74M.
Hard cap since 2005: 50% of hockey related revenue HRR. Cap $71.4 in 2016 Max/min payroll +15%/-15% of midpoint
Local Revenue
Gate 20% of total and shared 66/34. Venue 20% unshared.
Gate 30%, venue 28%, local media 22% of total revenue. 34% of local revenue shared.
Gate 27%, venue 15%, local media 13% of total revenue.50% of local revenue shared.
Gate 40%, venue 25%, media 20% of total. 5% of local revenue is shared.
Central Revenue
National media 60% of total, equal shares. 9 years, 2014-22 FOX, ESPN, CBS, DirecTV: $205M annually per club.
National media 20% of total, equal shares. Eight-years 2014-21 FOX, TBS and ESPN: $51.7M annually per club.
National media 27% of total, equal shares. Nine-year 2016-25 TNT and ABC/ESPN: $90.3M annually per club.
National media 20% of total, equal shares. 10-year 2012-21 NBC; 12 years Rogers Sportsnet 2014-26: $21M annual per club.
Carolina Panthers Bank of America Stadium (1996) Seating Capacity Lower Bowl: 22,714 Club Level: 11,209. Suites: 2,717 Total Lower Bowl/Suite Seating: 36,640 Upper Bowl: 37,138 Total Stadium: 73,778 Cost $248 million. Private share 76.3%
Los Angeles Rams/Raiders L.A. Memorial Coliseum (1923)Seating Capacity 91,000
Ed Jones Riverfront LA RelocationLocal revenue (Venue revenue+home gate) $100 $150 $300National revenue (Media+Visitor gate) $200 $200 $200Total Revenue $300 $350 $500Total Operating expenses $225 $240 $278Operating Profit $75 $110 $222Present Value of Net Cash Flow 30 years @3% $1,470 $2,150 $4,350Stadium Funding Rams ($150 million PSLs + $250 million Kroenke) $0 $400 $1,800NFL G-4 loan (LA relocation not eligible for G-4) $0 $200 $0Private Share Rams + NFL): 55% in St. Louis and 100% in LA $0 $600 $1,800Public Share: 45% in St. Louis and 0% in LA $0 $500 $0Franchise value = PV of cash flow - club share of venue cost $1,470 $1,750 $2,550Value/Revenue multiple 4.90 5.00 5.10Net value gain from relocation to LA over new venue in St. Louis $0 $0 $800NFL relocation indemnity fee (50/50 split of $800m LA relocation gain) $0 $0 $400Net Franchise Value $1,470 $1,750 $2,150
Alternative Futures for St. Louis Rams ($millions)
Stadium Cost: LA $1.8 billion; St. Louis $1.1 billion Source: John Vrooman, Vanderbilt University
Sands ‐Majestic Alternative
Stadium $1,300 $1,300
Practice Facility $100 $100
Land $50
Total cost $1,400 $1,450
Hotel Tax .5%/.7% increase $750 $550
Sands‐Majestic $240 $400
Raiders $410 $500
Private Funding $650 $900
Pecent Public Subsidy 53.6% 37.9%
Source: John Vrooman
Las Vegas Raiders Proposals
Stadium $1,000
Convention Center $600
Land $200
Total Cost $1,800
Hotel tax 4% increase $1,150
Chargers $350
NFL $300
Private Funding $650
Percent Public Subsidy 63.9%
Source: John Vrooman
San Diego Chargers Deal
Year Total Luxury Club PSL G‐3/4 PSL Total Private Public Private Public
Grand Total 28 Venues 70.1 150.2 8.9 50.6 $1,684 $2,725 $14,570 $7,636 $6,934 52.4% 47.6%
Source: John Vrooman/Vanderbilt University*Private cost includes G‐3/4 League loans and PSL fees as the present value of season cket discounts over me. †Stadium renova ons
NFL Venue Revolution since 1995 Expansion
Franchise Stadium
Following the aborted move of New England Patriots to Hartford Connecticut in 1999, the League established the G‐3 loan program for venue construction (Amendment 1999 G‐3
NFL Bylaws). Using a debt facility backed by TV revenues, the NFL loaned up to 50 percent of private stadium contribution for top six TV markets ($150 million maximum) and up to
34 percent of the private share for smaller markets ($100 million maximum). G‐3 loans are repaid from visiting team share of club‐seat premiums. The G‐3 program ended in 2007
League Expansion, Relocation and Venue Extortion /John Vrooman
Year X/R League/Club Fee a League DMAb Venuea Public%
National Football League 1995 X Carolina Panthers (NFC) 140 29 1.09 248 24.6
X Jacksonville Jaguars (AFC) 140 29 .66 c 141 85.8 R Los Angeles Raiders back to Oakland … 30 2.42 c 128 100.0 R Los Angeles Rams to St. Louis f 29 30 1.24 299 100.0
1996 R Cleveland Browns to Baltimore Ravens f 29 30 1.10 229 87.3 R Houston Oilers to Nashville f 29 30 .97 292 75.7
1999 X Cleveland Browns (AFC) 530 31 1.53 314 74.8 2002 X Houston Texans (AFC) e 700 32 2.05 449 70.6 2016 R St. Louis Rams back to Los Angeles 500 32 7.46 1,800 0.0
Major League Baseball 1993 X Colorado Rockies (NL) 95 27 1.48 231 82.3
X Florida Marlins (NL) 95 28 1.54 c … … 1998 X Arizona Diamondbacks (NL) 130 29 1.80 354 66.9
X Tampa Bay Devil Rays (AL) 130 30 1.78 218 100.0 2005 R Montreal Expos to Washington Nationals (NL) 450 30 2.31 611 100.0
National Basketball Association g 1995 X Toronto Raptors 125 28 2.60 180 d 0.0
X Vancouver Grizzlies 125 29 1.33 120 d 0.0 2001 R Vancouver Grizzlies to Memphis 30 30 .67 250 93.6 2002 R Charlotte Hornets to New Orleans 30 30 .60 c 122 100.0 2004 X Charlotte Bobcats 300 30 1.09 265 91.3 2008 R Seattle Super Sonics to OKC Thunder 30 30 .73 121 100.0
National Hockey League 1991 X San Jose Sharks 50 22 2.42 133 82.1 1992 X Ottawa Senators 50 23 .60 160 21.3
X Tampa Bay Lightning 1993 R Minnesota North Stars to Dallas Stars
X Anaheim Mighty Ducks X Florida Panthers
1995 R Quebec Nordiques to Colorado Avalanche 1996 R Winnipeg Jets to Phoenix Coyotes 1997 R Hartford Whalers to Carolina Hurricanes 1998 X Nashville Predators 1999 X Atlanta Thrashers 2000 X Columbus Blue Jackets X Minnesota Wild 2017 X Las Vegas Expansion Club 500 31 .73
X= Expansion R= Relocation a Venue cost and expansion/relocation fees in $millions b DMA 2007-08 Nielsen Media Designated Market Area in million households c Renovations; d Joint NBA-NHL arenas e Seattle Seahawks switched from AFC to NFC in 2002 realignment of eight divisions of 4 teams. f Relocation fee is share of PSL payments to Ravens ($65 million), Titans ($71 million) and Rams ($78 million). g NBA added Charlotte Hornets, Miami Heat (1988); Minnesota T-Wolves, Orlando Magic (1989) fee of $37.5 million.
The Cost of NHL Southern Expansion Strategy
In 1993-94 the league spent 57 percent of league revenues for player salaries. That year the player’s salaries took up $414 million of the league's $732 million in revenues. Player costs approached 76 percent of revenues at the time of the lockout in 2004-05. Beginning in 2005-06 the NHL salary cap sets the player cost limit at 57 percent of “Hockey Related Revenue.”
NHL Cost Squeeze before the 2004-05 Lockout
1993-94 2002-03
Average Player Salary $558,000 $1,790,000Total NHL Revenues $732 million $1.93 billionTotal Player Salaries $414 million $1.46 billionPlayer Cost Squeeze 56.6% 75.6%
Eastern Conference Western Conference Eastern Conference Western Conference
ATLANTIC CENTRAL Orr Division Hull DivisionBoston Bruins Chicago Blackhawks Northeast MidwestMontreal Canadiens St. Louis Blues Boston Bruins Chicago BlackhawksFlorida Panthers Minnesota Wild Montreal Canadiens St. Louis BluesDetroit Red Wings Dallas Stars Hartford Whalers (Florida) Minnesota WildOttawa Senators Winnipeg Jets Quebec City (Expansion) Columbus (New Conference)Toronto Maple Leafs Nashville PredatorsBuffalo Sabres Colorado Avalanche Great Lakes Mid-SouthTampa Bay Lightning Detroit Red Wings Dallas Stars
Ottawa Senators Winnipeg JetsMETROPOLITAN PACIFIC Toronto Maple Leafs Nashville PredatorsNY Rangers Los Angeles Kings Buffalo Sabres Colorado AvalancheNY Islanders San Jose SharksNew Jersey Devils Anaheim Ducks Lemieux Division Gretzky Division Pittsburgh Penguins Arizona Coyotes Metropolitan SouthwestPhiladelphia Fyers Vancouver Canucks NY Rangers Los Angeles KingsWashington Capitals Calgary Flames NY Islanders San Jose SharksCarolina Hurricanes Edmonton Oilers New Jersey Devils Anaheim DucksColumbus Blue Jackets Tampa Bay (New Division) Las Vegas (Arizona)
Mid-Atlantic NorthwestRelocation Pittsburgh Penguins Vancouver CanucksRealignment Philadelphia Fyers Calgary FlamesExpansion Washington Capitals Edmonton Oilers
Carolina Hurricanes Seattle (Expansion)John Vrooman, Vanderbilt University
Proposed NHL Expansion 32 ClubsCurrent 30 Club Alignment National Hockey League Expansion: Plan B
MLB Franchise Ballpark Open Seats Suites Club Cost $M Team $M Public $M Subsidy
Toronto Blue Jays Rogers Centre 1989 50.5 161 5.7 $510 $180 $330 64.7%
Chicago White Sox US Cellular Field 1991 40.6 103 1.8 $199 $0 $199 100.0%
Year Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WAR Year Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WAR2007 26 Cincinnati Reds 90 $380,000 2.5 $0.15 2011 19 Los Angeles Angels 40 $414,000 0.7 $0.592008 27 Texas Rangers 156 $396,830 5.4 $0.07 2012 20 Los Angeles Angels 139 $480,000 10.8 $0.042009 28 Texas Rangers 89 $555,000 0.6 $0.93 2013 21 Los Angeles Angels 157 $510,000 8.9 $0.062010 29 Texas Rangers 133 $3,250,000 8.7 $0.37 2014 22 Los Angeles Angels 157 $1,000,000 7.9 $0.132011 30 Texas Rangers 121 $8,750,000 3.7 $2.36 2015 23 Los Angeles Angels $5,250,000 9.4 $0.562012 31 Texas Rangers 148 $13,750,000 3.9 $3.53 2016 24 Los Angeles Angels $15,250,0002013 32 Los Angeles Angels 151 $17,000,000 1.5 $11.33 2017 25 Los Angeles Angels $19,250,0002014 33 Los Angeles Angels 89 $17,000,000 1.4 $12.14 2018 26 Los Angeles Angels $33,250,0002015 34 Los Angeles Angels 39 $25,400,000 2019 27 Los Angeles Angels $33,250,0002016 35 Texas Rangers $28,410,000 2020 28 Los Angeles Angels $33,250,0002017 36 Texas Rangers $28,410,000
Year Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WAR Year Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WAR1998 21 Kansas City Royals 14 $170,000 0.3 $0.57 2001 20 Cleveland Indians 33 $200,000 2.9 $0.071999 22 Kansas City Royals 156 $200,000 4.7 $0.04 2002 21 Cleveland Indians 33 $700,000 3.2 $0.222000 23 Kansas City Royals 98 $350,000 0.8 $0.44 2003 22 Cleveland Indians 30 $1,100,000 3.7 $0.302001 24 Kansas City Royals 155 $425,000 6.4 $0.07 2004 23 Cleveland Indians 30 $2,700,000 3 $0.902002 25 Kansas City Royals 162 $3,500,000 4.3 $0.81 2005 24 Cleveland Indians 31 $5,250,000 1.8 $2.922003 26 Kansas City Royals 141 $6,000,000 5.8 $1.03 2006 25 Cleveland Indians 28 $7,000,000 4.6 $1.522004 27 Kansas City Royals 69 $9,000,000 2.3 $1.32 2007 26 Cleveland Indians 34 $8,750,000 6.3 $1.392004 HOU:Trade 90 4.5 $1.32 2008 27 Cleveland Indians 18 $11,000,000 1.9 $1.622005 28 New York Mets 151 $11,571,429 2.9 $3.99 2008 MIL:Trade 17 4.9 $1.622006 29 New York Mets 140 $13,571,428 8.2 $1.66 2009 28 New York Yankees 34 $15,285,714 6.2 $2.472007 30 New York Mets 144 $13,571,429 5.4 $2.51 2010 29 New York Yankees 34 $24,285,714 4.6 $5.282008 31 New York Mets 161 $18,622,809 6.9 $2.70 2011 30 New York Yankees 33 $24,285,714 7.5 $3.242009 32 New York Mets 81 $19,243,682 3.6 $5.35 2012 31 New York Yankees 28 $23,000,000 3.5 $6.572010 33 New York Mets 64 $19,401,569 0.7 $27.72 2013 32 New York Yankees 32 $23,000,000 0.3 $76.672011 34 New York Mets 98 $19,325,436 3.6 $4.20 2014 33 New York Yankees 8 $23,000,000 -0.6 -$38.332011 SFG:Trade 44 1.0 $4.20 2015 34 New York Yankees $23,000,000 0.3 $76.672012 35 St. Louis Cardinals 151 $13,000,000 3.9 $3.33 2016 35 New York Yankees $25,000,0002013 36 St. Louis Cardinals 145 $13,000,000 2.4 $5.42 2017 36 New York Yankees $25,000,0002014 37 New York Yankees 109 $15,000,000 -0.2 -$75.002015 38 New York Yankees $15,000,000 0.8 $18.752016 39 New York Yankees $15,000,000
Year Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WARYear Age Team G Salary WAR $M/WAR 2009 22 San Francisco Giants 7 $400,000 -0.1 -$4.002008 20 Los Angeles Dodgers 22 $390,000 1.4 $0.28 2010 23 San Francisco Giants 108 $400,000 3.9 $0.102009 21 Los Angeles Dodgers 31 $404,000 4.7 $0.09 2011 24 San Francisco Giants 45 $575,000 1.4 $0.412010 22 Los Angeles Dodgers 32 $440,000 5.5 $0.08 2012 25 San Francisco Giants 148 $615,000 7.3 $0.082011 23 Los Angeles Dodgers 33 $500,000 6.5 $0.08 2013 26 San Francisco Giants 148 $8,000,000 4.9 $1.632012 24 Los Angeles Dodgers 33 $8,000,000 6.2 $1.29 2014 27 San Francisco Giants 147 $12,500,000 5.3 $2.362013 25 Los Angeles Dodgers 33 $11,000,000 7.8 $1.41 2015 28 San Francisco Giants $16,500,000 5.4 $3.062014 26 Los Angeles Dodgers 27 $22,000,000 7.5 $2.93 2016 29 San Francisco Giants $20,000,0002015 27 Los Angeles Dodgers $30,000,000 6.3 $3.49 2017 30 San Francisco Giants $21,400,0002016 28 Los Angeles Dodgers $32,000,000 2018 31 San Francisco Giants $21,400,0002017 29 Los Angeles Dodgers $33,000,000 2019 32 San Francisco Giants $21,400,0002018 30 Los Angeles Dodgers $33,000,000 Player option 2020 33 San Francisco Giants $21,400,0002019 31 Los Angeles Dodgers $32,000,000 2021 34 San Francisco Giants $21,400,0002020 32 Los Angeles Dodgers $33,000,000 2022 35 San Francisco Giants $22,000,000 Team option ($3M)
CARLOS BELTRAN: 3 years/$45M (2014-16) CC SABATHIA: 5 years/$122M (2012-16), plus 2017 option
BUSTER POSEY: 9 years/$167M (2013-21), plus 2022 team optionCLAYTON KERSHAW: 7 years/$215M (2014-20)
MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL SELECTED PLAYER CONTRACTSJOSH HAMILTON: 5 years/$125M (2013-17) MIKE TROUT: 6 years/$144.5M (2015-20)
$20,710,000$26,410,000$26,410,000
MLB Player Salaries Indexed to National Average Wage 1964-84
RNK Designated Market Area TVHH NFL MLB NBA NHL TOT1 New York 7.461 2 2 2 3 92 Los Angeles 5.666 0 2 2 2 63 Chicago 3.534 1 2 1 1 54 Philadelphia 2.964 1 1 1 1 45 Toronto 2.957 0 1 1 1 36 Dallas-Ft. Worth 2.655 1 1 1 1 47 San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose 2.519 2 2 1 1 68 Boston 2.433 1 1 1 1 49 Washington, DC 2.412 1 1 1 1 4
Rank Team Value D/V Revenue Income V/R1 New York Yankees $3,200 0% $508 $8.1 6.302 Los Angeles Dodgers $2,400 17% $403 ($12.2) 5.963 Boston Red Sox $2,100 0% $370 $49.2 5.684 San Francisco Giants $2,000 4% $387 $68.4 5.175 Chicago Cubs $1,800 24% $302 $73.3 5.966 St Louis Cardinals $1,400 21% $294 $73.6 4.767 New York Mets $1,350 26% $263 $25.0 5.138 Los Angeles Angels $1,300 0% $304 $16.7 4.289 Washington Nationals $1,280 27% $287 $41.4 4.46
National Basketball Association Franchise Values 2015
Source: John Vrooman and Forbes
Rank Team 2015 Value D/V Revenue Income V/R1 New York Rangers $1,200 0% $229 $83.1 5.242 Montreal Canadiens $1,175 20% $219 $91.3 5.373 Toronto Maple Leafs $1,150 11% $192 $70.0 5.994 Chicago Blackhawks $925 0% $182 $44.8 5.085 Boston Bruins $750 0% $158 $26.6 4.756 Vancouver Canucks $745 11% $152 $35.5 4.907 Philadelphia Flyers $660 9% $146 $13.6 4.528 Detroit Red Wings $600 33% $135 $3.7 4.449 Los Angeles Kings $580 16% $132 $2.2 4.39
Source: John Vooman and http://overthecap.com/2016 Players Share = 48.5% of $11.62B Revenues = $5.64B -12% Player Benefits ($676M)= $4.96B/32 clubs = $155M per club
Year Base Salary Prorated Bonus Cap Number Actual Payroll Dead Money 2014 $420,000 $479,867 $899,867 $2,339,4682015 $644,967 $479,867 $1,124,834 $644,9672016 $869,934 $479,867 $1,349,801 $869,934 $479,8672017 $1,094,901 $479,867 $1,574,768 $1,094,901 $479,867Total $3,029,802 $1,919,468 $4,949,270 $4,949,270 $959,734
Average $757,451 $479,867 $1,237,318 $1,237,318
Jordan Matthews 2014 NFL Draft Round 2, Pick 42 (Eagles)
NBA Franchise 2015-16 Payroll Over Tax Tax/Cap
Room
Oklahoma City Thunder $97,157,411 $12,417,411 $22,293,527 Lower Upper Tax rate Incremental maximum Tax rate Incremental
maximumLos Angeles Clippers $95,505,710 $10,765,710 $18,162,500 $0 $4,999,999 $1.50 $7.5 million $2.50 $12.50 millionGolden State Warriors $95,487,927 $10,747,927 $18,119,818 $5,000,000 $9,999,999 $1.75 $8.75 million $2.75 $13.75 millionCleveland Cavaliers $95,408,795 $10,668,795 $17,921,988 $10,000,000 $14,999,999 $2.50 $12.5 million $3.50 $17.50 millionMiami Heat $93,243,897 $8,503,897 $13,631,820 $15,000,000 $19,999,999 $3.25 $16.25 million $4.25 $21.25 millionChicago Bulls $89,024,375 $4,284,375 $6,426,563 $20,000,000 N/A N/A N/ASan Antonio Spurs $87,071,718 $2,331,718 $3,497,577 Houston Rockets $86,180,389 $1,440,389 $2,160,584 Luxury Tax Threshold $84,740,000 $0 $0Brooklyn Nets $84,685,972 Washington Wizards $81,485,782 Memphis Grizzlies $80,870,591 Boston Celtics $79,579,576 New Orleans Pelicans $79,179,865 Charlotte Hornets $77,633,447 Detroit Pistons $77,439,853 Phoenix Suns $76,027,682 Minnesota Timberwolves $74,492,809 New York Knicks $74,030,697 Dallas Mavericks $73,457,818 Toronto Raptors $73,292,772 Milwaukee Bucks $73,168,795 Atlanta Hawks $72,944,738 Sacramento Kings $72,616,296 Indiana Pacers $72,487,358 Denver Nuggets $72,410,868 Los Angeles Lakers $72,193,306 Soft Payroll Cap $70,000,000 $14,740,000Orlando Magic $68,635,095 $1,364,905 Utah Jazz $64,734,304 $5,265,696 Minimum 90% of Cap $63,100,000 $21,640,000Philadelphia 76ers $56,092,788 $13,907,212 Portland Trail Blazers $50,522,394 $19,477,606
$3.75, increasing $.50 for each $5 million.
$4.75, increasing $.50 for each $5 million.
NBA Payroll Cap for 2015-16 NBA Luxury Tax Rates 2015-16Payroll above tax level Non-repeater Repeater Rate (3 of 4 prior
seasons)
Season Team KD‐Salary Win‐share Team Wins % Wins %Rev Team Rev $MRP %Exploit
Named to the All‐NBA First, Second or Third team at least twice
Voted as a starter in the All‐Star game at least twice
Named the NBA Most Valuable Player at least once
NBA Maximum Salary
NHL Team Cap Hits Cap Space MLB Team 2015 Payroll1 Tampa Bay Lightning $72,037,098 ($637,098) 1 Los Angeles Dodgers $272,789,040
Salary Cap (Midpoint + 15%) $71,400,000 $0 2 New York Yankees $219,282,196 2 Chicago Blackhawks $71,168,460 $231,540 CBT (luxury tax) threshold $189,000,000 3 Detroit Red Wings $71,024,543 $375,457 Cap: 66% HTS of average MLB revenue $286.4M $189,000,000 4 Washington Capitals $70,930,959 $469,041 3 Boston Red Sox $187,407,202 5 Philadelphia Flyers $70,816,666 $583,334 4 Detroit Tigers $173,813,750 6 New York Rangers $70,574,000 $826,000 5 San Francisco Giants $172,672,111 7 San Jose Sharks $70,394,996 $1,005,004 6 Washington Nationals $164,920,505 8 Vancouver Canucks $70,126,666 $1,273,334 7 7Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim $150,933,083 9 St. Louis Blues $69,678,332 $1,721,668 8 Texas Rangers $142,140,873
10 Minnesota Wild $69,496,335 $1,903,665 9 Philadelphia Phillies $135,827,500 11 Pittsburgh Penguins $69,392,916 $2,007,084 Average MLB payroll $124,707,037 12 Calgary Flames $69,205,066 $2,194,934 10 Toronto Blue Jays $122,506,600 13 Dallas Stars $69,099,166 $2,300,834 11 St. Louis Cardinals $120,869,458 14 Toronto Maple Leafs $68,889,999 $2,510,001 12 Seattle Mariners $119,798,060 15 Edmonton Oilers $68,511,249 $2,888,751 13 Chicago Cubs $119,006,885 16 Montreal Canadiens $68,508,333 $2,891,667 14 Cincinnati Reds $117,197,072 17 Columbus Blue Jackets $67,671,307 $3,728,693 15 Chicago White Sox $115,238,678 18 Boston Bruins $66,635,667 $4,764,333 16 Kansas City Royals $113,618,650 19 Los Angeles Kings $66,555,227 $4,844,773 17 Baltimore Orioles $110,146,097 20 Anaheim Ducks $63,964,164 $7,435,836 18 Minnesota Twins $108,945,000 21 Ottawa Senators $63,500,832 $7,899,168 19 Milwaukee Brewers $105,002,536 22 Colorado Avalanche $63,184,760 $8,215,240 20 Colorado Rockies $102,006,130 23 New York Islanders $62,799,642 $8,600,358 21 New York Mets $101,409,244
Adjusted Midpoint $62,100,000 $9,300,000 22 San Diego Padres $100,675,896 24 Florida Panthers $59,894,183 $11,505,817 23 Atlanta Braves $97,578,565 25 Buffalo Sabres $59,382,855 $12,017,145 24 Arizona Diamondbacks $91,518,833 26 Carolina Hurricanes $59,161,665 $12,238,335 25 Pittsburgh Pirates $88,278,500 27 Nashville Predators $59,044,223 $12,355,777 26 Cleveland Indians $86,091,175 28 Winnipeg Jets $58,864,998 $12,535,002 27 Oakland A's $86,086,667 29 Arizona Coyotes $57,574,704 $13,825,296 Floor: 34% VTS of average revenue-$20M PDX $77,400,000 30 New Jersey Devils $57,383,331 $14,016,669 28 Tampa Bay Rays $76,061,707
Luxury Tax rates: 1st time 17.5%, 2nd time 30%, 3rd time 40%, 4th time or more 50% of amount over payroll threshold.
Source: John Vrooman
MLB Luxury Tax (CBT) since 2002 CBA
Year Age IP MLST Team Salary WAR $/WAR Awards
2008 22 14.0 Tampa Bay Rays $650,000 0.4 $1,625,0002009 23 128.1 0.164 Tampa Bay Rays $750,000 0.9 $833,3332010 24 208.2 1.164 Tampa Bay Rays $1,834,671 4.8 $382,223 AS,CYA-22011 25 224.1 2.164 Tampa Bay Rays $2,084,671 2.8 $744,525 AS
2012 26 211.0 3.164 Tampa Bay Rays $4,350,000 6.9 $630,435 AS,CYA-1,MVP-122013 27 186.2 4.164 Tampa Bay Rays $10,112,500 2.8 $3,611,6072014 28 170.2 Tampa Bay Rays ($14,000,000) $8,950,820 2.7 $3,315,119 AS,CYA-6
77.2 5.164 Detroit Tigers $5,049,180 1.9 $2,657,463 AS,CYA-62015 29 146.0 Detroit Tigers ($19,750,000) $12,627,050 3.6 $3,507,514 AS,CYA-2,MVP-9
74.1 6.164 Toronto Blue Jays $7,122,950 2.4 $2,967,896 AS,CYA-2,MVP-9Contract Salary WAR* PV/WAR* PV@10%
2016 30 Boston Red Sox $30,000,000 4.9 $6,122,449 $30,000,0002017 31 Boston Red Sox $30,000,000 4.2 $6,548,074 $27,272,7272018 32 Boston Red Sox $30,000,000 3.5 $7,003,287 $24,793,3882019 33 Boston Red Sox $31,000,000 3.0 $7,739,819 $23,290,7592020 34 Boston Red Sox $32,000,000 2.6 $8,544,909 $21,856,4312021 35 Boston Red Sox $32,000,000 2.2 $9,138,940 $19,869,4822022 36 Boston Red Sox $32,000,000 1.7 $10,385,160 $18,063,166
$217,000,000 22.1 $7,477,481 $165,145,953
Source: John Vrooman, Baseball Reference and FanGraphs*WAR decays at 90% of prior year through age 30, 85% for ages 31-35, and 80% for ages 36 and up.
David Price LHP: 7 years/$217M (2016-22)
Total Contract 7 years (2016-22)
Salary Arbitration Tier 2
Modified Reserve Tier 1
Vrooman Projections for Free Agent Tier 3
player option
P W D L GF GA PTS Win%1 Chelsea (London) 38 26 9 3 73 32 87 .8032 Manchester City 38 24 7 7 83 38 79 .7243 Arsenal (London) 38 22 9 7 71 36 75 .6974 Manchester United 38 20 10 8 62 37 70 .6585 Tottenham Hotspur (London) 38 19 7 12 58 53 64 .5926 Liverpool 38 18 8 12 52 48 62 .5797 Southampton 38 18 6 14 54 33 60 .5538 Swansea City 38 16 8 14 46 49 56 .5269 Stoke City 38 15 9 14 48 45 54 .513
4 Italy 66.9 EL3 Vitesse Arnhem 10.2 EL/Q3 CL UEFA Champions LeagueCL1 Juventus 95.1 CL/GS FP Go Ahead Eagles 8.2 EL/Q1 EL UEFA Europa LeagueCL2 AS Roma 43.6 CL/GS GS Group StageCL3 Lazio 49.1 CL/Q4 Q Qualifying RoundEL1 Fiorentina 49.1 EL/GS FP Fair playspot in ELEL2 Napoli 84.1 EL/GSEL3 Sampdoria 18.1 EL/Q3
UEFA Seeding Coefficients for Champions and Europa Leagues Top 12 Domestic Leagues 2015-16
The Group Stage involves 8 groups of 4 teams each with 10 winners from 4th qualifying round; 12 champions from countries ranked 1-12; 6 2nd-placed teams from countries ranked 1-6; 3 3rd-placed teams from countries ranked 1-3; and defending UCL or Europa Champion. Knockout phase: From the last 16 until semi-finals, clubs play two home-and-away games with the same rules as the qualifying and play-off rounds. The side that scores the greater aggregate of goals qualifies for the next round. The third-placed finishers in every group enter the UEFA Europa League round of 32. In the last 16, group winners play runners-up rather than teams from own pool or nation, from quarter-finals onwards the draw is free.
Playoff round 4 involves 20 teams split in two sections: Champions section with 10 teams 10 winners from 3rd qualifying round Non-Champions section with 10 teams, 5 winners from 3rd qualifying round, 2 third-placed teams from countries ranked 4-5, 3 fourth-placed teams from countries ranked 1-3.
The Champions League has 32 teams in a group stagethat is preceded by four qualifying stages. The last qualifying round is also called the play-off round. The champions of all countries enter the Champions League, but high ranked countries can send up to 5 teams. Some teams of high ranked countries are directly qualified for the group stage, while others have to play qualifying rounds. The Group Stage is followed by 16 teams in 4 knockout rounds.