THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT - Network · Photomorphogenesis . ... 1.because of the ‘greenhouse effect’ 2. because the greenhouse is an enclosed space . ... (Photosynthesis, ...

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT THE INFLUENCE OF: LIGHT, WATER & TEMPERATURE ON PLANT GROWTH

ACORN Presents: Organic Greenhouse Growers Conference Profiting From Your Greenhouse Effect: The Essentials Of Season Extension Debert Hospitality and Convention Centre February 28 – 29, 2012


WHAT PLANTS NEED TO GROW


NUTRIENTS


NUTRIENTS WATER


NUTRIENTS WATER CO2 and O2



LIGHT



LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE



LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests)



LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Nutrients, Water, & O2 Available Via a Substrate)

GROWING PLANTS IS BASICALLY: “THE HARVESTING OF LIGHT”

Photosynthesis

& Rate is Temperature Dependent



LIGHT (PROPER) TEMPERATURE (Absence Of Pests) (Substrate)




WATER




CO2 CO2

O2 O2




LIGHT




TEMPERATURE


Noggins Corner Farm Greenwich, NS - Fall 2009

Part – Time Farm Business Specializing in Landscape Perennials & Various Other �Specialty� (Mainly Ornamental) Crops / Products / Services

All Direct (Retail) Marketed Crops / Products: •  Herbaceous Perennials (100�s of species / cv.) •  �Late Season� Patio/Deck Planters (annuals) •  Outdoor Cut Flowers (fresh & dried) •  Christmas Decorative Products •  Mid Season Lily Planters •  Potted Roses •  Culinary Herb Potted Gardens •  Miscellaneous: Potted Dwarf Sunflowers, Potted Calla Lilies, Native

Plants, Lily Bulbs Services: Perennial (& Mixed) Border Designs

HILLENDALE PERENNIALS

annual planters

dried flowers fresh cut

flowers

potted sunflowers

potted herbs culinary

perennials


WATER

Water Has 4 Main Roles (Broad Sense)

Solvent

- gases, inorganic and organic compounds are dissolved; the medium in which they enter cells.

Reagent -  part of many cellular reactions and processes Structure - present in plant cells, maintain turgor.

Coolant - transpiration

Water •  Quality and Quantity? •  Too little / Too Much? •  How Much: Crop, Stage of Growth, Outside Weather,

Season, Growing Medium, Method of Fertilization •  How to Determine When plants Need Watering? •  Water Stress Can Occur Under 4 conditions’ •  How Applied? •  When? •  Soil Drainage (perimeter effect)

Relative Humidity

•  Definition? •  Optimum? •  Control? Temperature (oC) H2O Content (g/m3) 0 4.9 10 9.5 20 17.8 30 31.8

LIGHT

LIGHT Major Photoresponses in Plants

1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis



Photosynthesis





1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism Phototropism is a directional growth response to light, that is a

bending response of plants stimulated by light. 4. Photoperiodism 5. Photomorphogenesis


1. Photosynthesis 2. Chlorophyll Synthesis 3. Phototropism 4. Photoperiodism short day, long day, & day neutral plants

5. Photomorphogenesis





LIGHT

Characteristics? Intensity -depends on? -measured in? -artificial? Duration Quality

LIGHT

Characteristics? Intensity in the greenhouse -depends on? Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows

Light

Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis – Respiration) •  Light Compensation Point (mid Nov to mid February?) •  Light Saturation Point

TEMPERATURE

Photosynthesis


Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider

Greenhouses heat up for 2 reasons: 1.because of the ‘greenhouse effect’ 2. because the greenhouse is an enclosed space

Greenhouse Temperature; Factors To Consider

The extent to which the temperature of a greenhouse rises above outdoor temperatures is dependent on : 1. Amount of solar radiant energy transmitted through

the greenhouse covering 2. What happens to that energy 3. How much is retained within the structure

Greenhouse Temperature, As with Light Intensity, Also Influenced By:

Type of Structure (style & structural components) Covering Material(s) (type, # of layers, cleanliness, condensation) Greenhouse Orientation Latitude Local Climate & Weather Time of Year Shadows PLUS, OF COURSE, HEAT FROM ANY ARTIFICIAL HEATING SYSTEM

Greenhouse Temperature:

•  Air temperature •  Leaf Temperature •  Substrate Temperature •  Irrigation Water Temperature

Greenhouse Temperature •  Basic Plant Growth Processes (Photosynthesis, Respiration, Protein Synthesis & Other Plant Processes)

•  Plant Growth Rate (Photosynthesis – Respiration) •  Optimum Day/Night Temperatures Combinations Temperature Affects (minimum, optimum, maximum)

Seed Germination Vegetative Growth Flowering (Flower Initiation & Development)

Greenhouse Temperature Substrate Temperature Affects: *decomposition of organic matter & availability of nutrients (effect on soil microorganisms; <10C?) *adsorption of water & nutrients Factors affecting substrate temperatures: greenhouse air temperature (lags?). -how much is influenced by substrate volume (shallow trays/small pots - larger containers – beds crop cover bench type container (pot) colour * Substrate temperature and plant diseases Pythium usually more severe at lower temperatures Rhizoctonia usually more severe at higher temperatures

Greenhouse Temperature

Temperature of the Irrigation Water: * irrigation water temperature and substrate temperature differential? * soilless substrates in containers versus soils in beds? * crops? * pathogens?

Temperature

•  Temperature ranges (°C) for seed germination, growth and development of: – cool-season, – moderate-season, and – warm-season vegetable crops.

Temperature (Celsius)

Cool Season Crops: – Beet, Broad Bean, Broccoli, Brussels

Sprouts, Cabbage, Chard, Chives, Collards, Garlic, Kale, Leek, Onion, Parsnip, Peas, Radish, Rutabaga, Shallot, Spinach

•  Seed Germination – Min=2; Opt=10-20; Max=35

•  Development – Min=4; Opt=13-24; Max=30


Moderate-Season Crops: – Artichoke, Carrot, Cauliflower, Celery,

Chinese Cabbages, Endive, Lettuce, Lima Bean, Mustard Greens, Parsley, Potato, Snap Beans, Sweet Corn

•  Seed Germination – Min=4; Opt=13-28; Max=35



Warm-Season Crops: – Cucumber, Eggplant, Melons, Okra,

Peppers (sweet and hot), Pumpkin, Squash, Sweet Potato

•  Seed Germination –  Min=15; Opt=20-30; Max=40


Temperature High & Low temperature injury High: Peas : >30C flower abortion Corn : >34C (poor pollination) plants can survive >45C for short

periods Low: Basil +10 Kale -14°C.

CROP �CATEGORIES��

•  Baby Leaf Salad Greens •  Cool Season Leafy Vegetables •  Cool Season Heading Vegetables •  Cool Season Root Vegetables •  Warm Season Vegetables •  Culinary Herbs •  Cut Flowers •  Small Fruit

QUESTIONS?

THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT - Network · Photomorphogenesis . ... 1.because of the ‘greenhouse effect’ 2. because the greenhouse is an enclosed space . ... (Photosynthesis, ...

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