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Cheshire CheshireGrebeThe Spring/Summer-2014
Elephants
also...The garden moths that might just surprise you
The magazine of Cheshire Wildlife Trust
Going with the flow – can nature help stop flooding?
Wild walks in Cheshire’s Living Landscapes
Off the hoof – grazing with a difference
Cheshire Cheshire
and tigers
@wildlifetrusts
TheWildlifeTrusts
wildlifetrusts
THE GREBE SPRING 2014
Cheshire CheshireGrebeThe Spring/summer-2014
Elephants
also...The garden moths that
might just surprise you
The magazine of Cheshire Wildlife Trust
Going with the flow –
can nature help stop flooding?
Wild walks in Cheshire’s
Living Landscapes
Off the hoof – grazing with
a difference
Cheshire Cheshire
and tigers
On the coverOn the front of this edition of The Grebe, you’ll find the
impressive elephant hawk moth. This vibrant night time
visitor to our gardens is one of thousands of species of
moths – many with colours to rival our butterflies – you
can enjoy with a little nature know-how. Find out about
the amazing moths you could discover in your backyard
and how to get a closer look on page 10.
Picture: Tom Marshall/The Wildlife Trusts
WELCOME
Cheshire Wildlife Trust is the region’s
leading independent conservation
charity and has been working for wildlife
across Cheshire East, Cheshire West and
Chester, Halton, Stockport, Tameside,
Trafford, Warrington and Wirral for over
50 years.
Cheshire Wildlife Trust receives no direct
Government funding and would not
exist without the support of you, our
members. To add your voice to over
12,000 others and show how much you
value Cheshire’s wildlife, give us a call
today or visit our website.
Cheshire Ecological Services
CES is a member of the
Association of Wildlife
Trust Consultancies
(AWTC) and is the
ecological consultancy
arm of Cheshire
Wildlife Trust, with 20 years of industry
experience. All profit revenues generated by CES go directly to supporting the work of Cheshire Wildlife Trust.
Who are the Wildlife Trusts?
There are 47 Wildlife Trusts across the UK,
the Isle of Man and Alderney. With over
800,000 members, we are the largest
UK voluntary organisation dedicated
to conserving the full range of the UK’s
habitats and species.
Cheshire Cheshire
People taking action for wildlife
As I write this, the sun is shining
at Bickley Hall Farm and spring
has definitely sprung. Most of
our Hebridean lambs have now
been born, birds are nesting in the
hedgerows and a new generation of
great crested newts fill our ponds.
This spring, though, we’ll have another
arrival to celebrate – our Bickley
Learning Centre is nearing completion
thanks to the generous donations
made by you, our members, and a host
of other funders. If you’d like a sneak
preview at this brand new purpose-
built facility, join us on Open Farm
Sunday on 8 June.
As we look forward to summer, for
many the first few months of 2014
will be memorable for all the wrong
reasons following severe storms
and floods. Here in Cheshire, we
thankfully escaped largely unscathed
with problems like blocked roads
and woodlands scattered with fallen
trees, in stark contrast to the dramatic
scenes elsewhere in the UK. In the
heart of the region, the Cheshire plain
is criss-crossed with rivers whose
floodplains were able to store and slow
down the flow of water into towns and
villages. It’s during extreme weather
that we need to value the services we
get from nature more than ever. Our
Living Landscape schemes are not
only about restoring and reconnecting
nature, but also about ensuring
that nature’s services to society are
protected and valued – including a
chance to limit the impacts of extreme
weather. Find out more on page 26.
I’d also like to take this opportunity
to thank everyone who took time to
fill out our recent survey. We had
a superb response from hundreds
of you, sharing interesting and
enlightening views, and a summary
of the results is on page 16. This
information is vital to shaping our
future work, in particular helping
inform the Trust’s new strategy which
we will share with you later in the
year. We’ll be focusing on how we
create more space for wildlife and
how we inspire more people to value
nature, particularly in local decision
making. The run up to next year’s
general election will be an important
time to influence political pledges and
the Wildlife Trusts are lobbying for a
‘Nature Bill’ that will secure not only
the protection but also the restoration
of nature for future generations.
Finally, a very warm welcome to all
our new members and a big thank
you to those of you who continue to
support your local Wildlife Trust. Our
membership has now topped 13,000
for the first time in our 52-year history,
giving us more resources and influence
to take action for local wildlife than
ever before. I wish you all a long and
enjoyable summer!
Charlotte Harris, Chief Executive
“Living Landscapes are about ensuring nature’s services are protected… giving us a chance to
limit the effects of extreme weather”
Chief ExecutiveCharlotte Harris
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 1
In this issue
Your MagazineThe next edition of The Grebe magazine will be published in September 2014. We welcome letters, comments, photographs and contributions to The Grebe. Please write to the editor at the address below or email: [email protected]
All contributions including events to be featured in the Events Diary should reach the editor no later than 1 August 2014. Events listings in the Autumn edition will run from October 2014 to January 2015. The views expressed in The Grebe are not necessarily those of Cheshire Wildlife Trust.
We invite enquiries for advertising in The Grebe magazine, with various packages available. Please contact the editor for our current rate card or an informal discussion. Allowing advertising in The Grebe lets us cover some of the costs of producing our members magazine, meaning we can spend more on conservation projects.
The Grebe Editor Tom Marshall, Communications Officer
Patron The Duke of Westminster KG DL
President Felicity Goodey CBE DL
Chairman Chris Koral
Chief Executive Charlotte Harris
Designed and Produced by Orchard Corporate Ltd
Cheshire Wildlife Trust, Bickley Hall Farm, Malpas, Cheshire SY14 8EF
Registered Charity No: 214927 A company Limited by Guarantee in England No: 736693
@cheshirewt
Cheshire Wildlife Trust
CheshireWT
Cheshirewildlifetrust
Welcome With our Chief Executive Charlotte Harris
02 UK News The big wildlife issues from around the UK
04 Local News What’s happening on your doorstep plus
badger and bTB update
10 Seeing the light Discover our garden moths this spring
12 Access all areas The UK’s most accessible nature reserves
14 A day in the life… We join Biodiversity Trainee Andy Perry
16 Your Trust, your views Hundreds of you respond to our
supporter survey
18 Marine Protected Areas See our full-size map of the MPAs
announced in 2013
20 Vanishing point A new campaign for our disappearing
grasslands
22 Best foot forward New walks to enjoy in our Living Landscape
24 A good moove for nature Our nature-grazed beef heads to the table
26 Water, water everywhere A fresh approach to tackling flooding
28 Keeping history alive Paul Loughnane on 25 years as a volunteer
10 “Some of our moths are beautiful enough to match their image-conscious cousins the butterflies”
9
4
22“In our Living Landscape, some of the work we’re doing might come as a surprise”
2 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
UK NEWS
AVONA Geoffroy’s bat visited the Trust’s Brown’s Folly reserve near Bath, where 13 of the UK’s 17 species have been recorded. It is only the second UK record for this forest specialist from mainland Europe.wtru.st/GeoffBat
DORSET WTBrownsea Island, owned by The National Trust, has been named Britain’s favourite nature reserve by the BBC Countryfile awards. Dorset WT has leased and managed half of the island as a nature reserve for over 50 years.wtru.st/DorsetNews
CORNWALLAfter a public appeal, and helped by HLF, the Trust has two new reserves in west Penwith: Bostraze near Pendeen and Bartinney near Sennen. The sites are valuable heathland and wetland habitats. wtru.st/Penwith
DERBYSHIREThe Trust and 15 other wildlife groups oppose Derby City Council’s plan to build a cycle track on the city’s first and only bird reserve. Skylark, snipe, stonechat, ring ouzel and wheatear have used the site. wtru.st/CycleTrack
DEVONThe rare golden eye lichen has been found at Andrews Wood, near Kingsbridge. Until recently the lichen was thought to be extinct in the UK, with the last record in Devon dating from 1966 on Start Point. wtru.st/RareLichen
DURHAMNew islands at Shibdon Pond reserve attracted 20-year record numbers of lapwing, golden plover, redshank and snipe. The work was funded by the Durham Biodiversity Partnership.wtru.st/Shibdon
AROUND THE WILDLIFE TRUSTS
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Trusts call for more natural flood defencesFollowing widespread flooding in
December and January, The Wildlife Trusts
are asking the Government to revise its
flood defence strategy.
“Natural defences could provide a key
solution to help prevent flooding in future.
Wilder landscapes act as giant sponges,
absorbing and holding water,” said Paul
Wilkinson, Head of Living Landscapes.
“There are already some excellent
examples of restored landscapes, where,
for example, overgrazing has been reduced
How did the floods affect wildlife?
A bird hide at Norfolk WT’s Cley Marshes
reserve in December
Recent widespread flooding shows the Government must invest in wilder landscapes, say The Wildlife Trusts
The December floods
affected coastal nature
reserves in Yorkshire,
Lincolnshire, Norfolk and
Suffolk. Some of these
are salt marshes that can
withstand coastal flooding.
But many freshwater
habitats were also
inundated with sea water
and the long-term impact
on wildlife is difficult to
predict.
Visitor centres, bird hides,
coastal paths and fences
were damaged during the
floods and our dedicated
staff and volunteers are
still working to repair
visitor facilities and
access routes.
to allow heather and soils to regenerate,
and in the process the risk of flooding
downstream has been alleviated. This
approach should be at the centre of our
adaptation strategy.”
Described by the Environment Agency
as the most serious flood for 60 years,
December’s two-metre tidal surge caused
havoc in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Norfolk
and Suffolk. Further tidal surges in January
affected large parts of the southern and
western coasts of England and Wales.
The Wildlife Trusts are calling on the
Government to rebalance investment
towards solutions which slow down water
and reconnect rivers with their floodplains.
Wildlife Trusts across the UK have been
working on such schemes for years (see
right). Highly cost-effective, natural
schemes also provide benefits such as soil
conservation, improved biodiversity and
carbon storage.
What’s happening here in Cheshire?Although the Cheshire region thankfully has
so far avoided flooding on the scale seen
elsewhere in the UK - with the exception of
storm surges affecting the Wirral coast - we
still have a role to play in the protection of
farmland and properties along our rivers like
the Gowy. To see what we’re doing locally as
part of our Living Landscape scheme, you
can read more on page 26.
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SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 3
Natural flood defences can take the pressure off
Extreme weather across
the UK last winter has
brought home our
fragility in the face of
the awesome power
of nature, and the real
dangers of disrupting
its balance. It reminds us that society’s
most urgent and important task is to
build our resilience, working with nature
wherever possible, rather than against it.
We all need to come to the best possible
decisions for nature and people. To
be genuinely committed to such
decisions we need many more people
to understand how nature works and to
respect its complexity and fragility. We
need to consign piecemeal erosion of
our natural resources to history – and
learn to live within its limits.
The Wildlife Trusts are on the case. We
are taking thousands of children out
of the classroom so they can ‘get’ how
nature works, why wildlife matters, how
we grow our food and draw our water.
We also take politicians, civil servants
and businesspeople out on site to talk
about this, and meet landowners and
fishermen to advise on wildlife. Some
progressive businesses are widening
their environmental thinking beyond
carbon to whole ecosystems. We need
to encourage more to think like this and
support those that do by helping them
to interpret their impact on nature, just
as a doctor helps us to interpret the
impact of our own lifestyle on our health.
The moral and financial support you
give by being a member of your Trust
is vital. It gives us the chance to inspire
people to recognise nature is our
greatest ally and to demonstrate that
by working with it we can create a
resilient society.
Stephanie Hilborne OBEChief Executive of The Wildlife Trusts
Nature: our greatest ally
There are 47 Wildlife Trusts. With
more than 800,000 members, we are
the largest UK voluntary organisation
dedicated to conserving all the UK’s
habitats and species.
ESSEXWith Epping Forest District Council and the Bat Conservation Trust, the Trust is developing mapping layers to alert councils and planners to potential bat roost sites and important foraging areas. wtru.st/BatPlans
HEREFORDThanks to HLF the Trust and partners Ambios Ltd are developing WildTech, an ambitious digital technology training project to address UK-wide shortfalls in species ID and recording. wtru.st/WildTech
LONDONA new report by the Trust and Greenspace Information for Greater London suggests that protection measures for the city’s wildlife, developed over 30 years, may be failing. wtru.st/LondonNature
MANXIn a project scheduled to last 30 years, the Trust is increasing woodland cover from 20% to 30% in the glens and woodlands between Ramsey and Sulby. wtru.st/RamseyForest
Flood water gathering in Wiltshire Wildlife Trust’s Langford Lakes reserve (left) may have spared
nearby villages. More details on wtru.st/WiltsRiverBlog
FYLDE COASTLANCASHIRE WILDLIFE TRUSTWork by the Trust in February 2013
prevented erosion during the recent
storms. Posts and old Christmas trees
helped to form dunes and allow plants
to grow, strengthening the structures.
In January, other dunes receded by 8–10
metres. But where natural dune formation
had been encouraged, the sands were
held more securely.
ABBOTTS HALL FARMESSEX WILDLIFE TRUSTNow 11 years old, this scheme has led the
way in ‘managed realignment’. The
seawall was removed in several places,
allowing tidal water to recreate traditional
Essex marshes. The natural relief of the
land is now the flood defence. Though
the surge of 2013 was very high it did not
reach the arable areas.
n More examples: wildlifetrusts.org/floods
NA
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Look carefully, the bittern is in there somewhere!
4 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
LOCAL NEWS
Otterly fabulousWe were delighted in January, when one of our infra-red cameras
monitoring wildlife on the River Gowy – in our first Living Landscape
scheme – picked up not one, but a family of three wild otters in the
dead of night.
Despite the usual black and white picture, three sets of piercing eyes
shone through as the group of an adult and two smaller cubs made their
way past the lens completely unaware of its presence. Although we’ve
been using similar technology for the last few years to track the fortunes
of otters and water voles – creatures where we typically rely on field
signs like droppings and footprints – this was the first time that we had
recorded three otters together. Amazingly, just a couple of weeks later,
Nigel Markillie from Wynbunbury near Crewe also captured a similar scene
which he sent to the Trust, after many unsuccessful earlier attempts to
capture the rare mammals on film.
The news further confirms the increasing health of our rivers and the
otter’s resurgence across the UK, where it was only confirmed as being
back in every county as recently as 2011. Our own Living Landscape
scheme is benefitting otters, including work undertaken with the
Environment Agency at Hockenhull Platts near Waverton and the
introduction of otter ‘holts’ at other locations in recent years, along with
our exchange with Dutch conservationists sharing otter knowledge in 2012.
SEE IT
You can watch the film for yourself on our YouTube channel at CheshireWT
Bitterns are a big hit at MarburyWe were thrilled once again when at least two bitterns were seen regularly
at our Marbury Reedbed reserve at the eastern end of Budworth Mere in
Marbury Country Park, Northwich, during the winter.
The annual appearance of the birds has made the reserve one of the top
places to go to see these very rare herons in Cheshire, along with the
impressive autumn and winter starling murmurations which can be thousands
strong. We also recently opened the reedbed boardwalk once again for the
summer, which is now settling in nicely to its surroundings and able to give
people an insight into the bittern’s world during the warmer months.
We’re continuing with our habitat improvements to the reserve – which includes
regular reed cutting to benefit the bitterns – thanks to the backing of local
chemicals manufacturer INEOS Enterprises who have been a regular supporter
of our work in Runcorn and Northwich. Other frequent sightings at Marbury
have included water rails, kingfishers and lesser spotted woodpeckers.
FIND OUT MORE cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/our-reserves
Little swift celebrated in Bird Report A visit from an
Generous legacy from Cecil SharmanWe would like to extend our sincere thanks to the family of the late Mr Cecil Sharman,
who recently left a generous legacy of almost £3,500 to the Trust. Cecil’s son Frank said
his father was a member of the Trust for many years and a ‘keen supporter of all of your
activities’, including supporting the setting up of our Hunter’s Wood nature reserve near
Frodsham. A resident of Grappenhall near Warrington from the 1940s, Cecil and wife
June regularly walked the footpaths of the local parishes with their Welsh collie, Heidi.
A love of the Cheshire countryside continued with moves to Stockton Heath, High Legh
and finally Chester. Trees remained a constant fascination for Cecil, and his ashes are
scattered with June’s at the Woodland Trust’s Park Moss Wood at Arley.
Legacies are an invaluable way of supporting the Trust’s work for wildlife, now and for
the future. For a private and informal conversation about leaving a legacy to the Trust,
call Charlotte Harris on 01948 820728 or email Charlotte on [email protected]
Give a gift with a differenceWe’ve recently re-launched a range of animal adoption packs, exclusively designed for
Cheshire Wildlife Trust, and the ideal gift for someone who seemingly has everything!
From our tiniest wildlife in the shape of the dormouse, to our half-tonne heroes the
longhorns, each delightfully presented gift pack tells you all you need to know about the
wildlife you’ll be supporting – there’s even a cuddly toy too! For younger nature-lovers
there’s special stickers and crafts as well. You can already choose from a badger, otter,
dormouse and longhorn, and we hope to expand on the range throughout this year.
FIND OUT MORE
www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk
Delamere’s dragonsLast year, the Trust began the first phase in a new project to reintroduce a once iconic
dragonfly back into the pools of Delamere Forest – the white-faced darter. We’re
delighted to announce that thanks to the Heritage Lottery Fund, the scheme will now
continue for a further three years, allowing us to translocate mature larvae from Natural
England donor sites at Fenns & Whixall Moss and Chartley Moss into Delamere Forest.
Our aim for the project is to develop a self-sustaining population of white-faced darters
in the region once again, potentially for the first time since around 2003. The work has
been backed up by a range of habitat improvements led by the Forestry Commission,
including improving light levels around important dragonfly pools, and the Trust-led
Delamere’s Lost Mosses project, which is restoring mossland habitats.
GET INVOLVED
If you’d like to get involved as a volunteer with the project and help with
surveying and monitoring work and other tasks, contact Dr Vicky Nall on
[email protected] or 01948 820728.In memory of Jim McHarry (1933-2014)The Trust was saddened to hear of the
death of Jim McHarry at the beginning
of March. Jim, along with his wife Jane,
moved from Carlisle to Knutsford in 1972
and, being outdoor people, immediately
made the most of the Cheshire
countryside. A lecture by Wildlife Trusts’
vice president Sir David Attenborough
inspired Jim and Jane to join their local
Cheshire Wildlife Trust, and they went
on to form the Knutsford Natural History
Group – which ran for two decades –
along with Jim later taking the reigns as
chair of the Trust’s Wilmslow Local Group.
During the 1990s, Jim took on the job
of Trust treasurer, a role he kept for
five years until an expanding million
pound-plus balance sheet meant Jim
preferred to take a back seat as he, in his
own words, ‘didn’t do computers’! Jim
continued to explore the countryside
both at home and abroad right up until
this year, and remained a familiar face
in the Knutsford community, from the
Tatton Singers to Cycle Knutsford.
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SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 9
Minister halts cull expansion and proposes ‘edge area’ badger vaccination
As we went to print in early April, Environment Minister Owen
Paterson confirmed that original plans for an expansion of up to 10
new cull zones in 2014 would be dropped. Mr Paterson also went
on to propose that vaccination be ultilised as tool for tackling bTB
in what are known as ‘edge areas’ on the outlying parts of the
current spread of bTB in cattle herds. Cheshire, although currently
experiencing a year-on-year increase in TB cases in cattle, is
considered to be within the edge area at present. We would now
like to see the government re-invest the resources proposed for
the original cull zone expansion into areas such as Cheshire, where
we believe there is an opportunity to create a bTB ‘firewall’ within
the badger population by expanding vaccination in the region.
We and all Wildlife Trusts however, remain opposed to culling in
any area and we were disappointed to see that the independent
assessment process undertaken during the 2013 cull trials in
Somerset and Gloucestershire will not continue, raising ongoing
concerns over the effectiveness and humaneness of the cull process.
ELL
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UK cattle TB infection figures revised down
Official cull report highlights missed targets
Cheshire roadkill badger TB survey launched
Badgers and TB - update
Roadkill study to look at Cheshire TB strains
During February, the Trust joined with other members of the
Cheshire TB Eradication Group, including the NFU and AHVLA, to
help launch a new study of roadkill badgers in Cheshire, the first
of its kind for around a decade.
Carcases will be taken to the University of Liverpool Leahurst
veterinary campus where they will be assessed for signs of TB.
The study aims to give an indication of where bTB may be present
geographically within the Cheshire badger population, and how
many animals are potentially affected. A further key element of
the project will be to help differentiate between strains of the
disease within the region, to give a potential handle on where
badgers may be playing a role in the spread of TB.
It’s hoped the study will help to guide local strategy on how to
tackle bTB in the region, which is currently classed as an ‘edge
area’ within bTB spread in the UK, although the disease is now
prevalent across large areas in the south of the county.
STOP PRESS
Defra backs down on infection rate figures
In February, Environment Secretary Owen Paterson announced
that Defra figures on Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) livestock infection
rates across the country had been ‘overstated’ since at least 2011,
due to a computer error. The official correct figures eventually
showed a drop of 3.4% in TB infection rates in UK cattle herds for
2012–13, in stark contrast to the Minister’s earlier claims of an 18%
rise. In Wales, a combination of vaccination and strict movement
controls resulted in a reduction in bTB infection rates of more
than 24% in the same period.
High costs and missed cull targets revealed
Although the independent report into the Somerset and
Gloucestershire badger cull trial had yet to be published as we
went to print, charity Care for Wildlife released figures in January
suggesting that the programme has resulted in costs in excess of
£4,000 for each badger shot. Official figures on policing have already
been published at more than £2m, or around £1,300 per badger.
In February, a leaked copy of the final Independent Evaluation
Panel (IEP) report seen by the BBC on the cull trials set up
by government highlighted missed targets across both the
effectiveness and the humaneness of the culling process, stating
that ‘the number of badgers killed fell well short of the target
deemed necessary’.
The national badger sett survey was also released in January,
noting an increase of around 100% in badger clans in the last 25
years. There are now an estimated 71,600 badger clans in England
and Wales, up by 27,000 to 40,000 since the mid-1980s, with
the biggest change seen in England. Numbers in Wales remained
relatively consistent. The report’s authors, however, were keen to
stress that sett numbers did not necessarily indicate an increase in
individual badger numbers. The Wildlife Trusts have also said that
the figures demonstrate the UK badger population beginning to
rebalance in light of the greater protection brought in around 30
years ago, and is not an unexpected increase in numbers.
the number of badgers killed fell well short of the target deemed necessaryIEP
10 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
DISCOVER
Finding moths
Almost all moths fly at night,
and the majority of these are
attracted to artificial lights.
No one fully understands why
they do this, but it does make
it much easier for us to study
them. There are several types
of dedicated ‘moth traps’
available which use a light to
attract moths, which are then
held within a box below until
they can be examined. The trap
is usually filled with cardboard
egg boxes – as these have a
rough surface the moths can
hold on to – with lots of dark
corners they can hide in as well. The catch can be inspected during the night itself or the
following morning, with all the moths then being released alive.
Commercial moth traps are ideal for serious moth enthusiasts, but they are expensive –
up to £300 for a top quality model. Happily, it’s just as easy to attract plenty of moths
without using complicated equipment. One of the easiest ways is to leave an outside
light on and drape a white sheet against a lit wall or fence. An old rope soaked in
molasses or red wine will also find them dropping in for a meal. The best times to check
for moths are the first two hours of darkness, before you go to bed and very early in
the morning.
Another option is to leave a light on in a room with the windows open – bathrooms are
good as there is generally less clutter for moths to hide amongst. Don’t forget to look
outside for moths on the glass and surrounding wall as well. Low energy light bulbs
generally are just as good at attracting moths as conventional light bulbs.
Some moths are active almost all year round, but you will get the biggest numbers
between April and September. A warm, windless night is best, as few moths fly when it
is very cold, very wet or windy.
Moths really don’t have the best reputation. It could be their wardrobe dining
habits, that fascination for the bedside lamp when you’re trying to finish
that chapter in your book, or flying into you when you head into the kitchen
for a midnight snack. Add to this that they mostly come out at night and
aren’t usually brightly coloured, and they’re almost persona non grata. Until
recently, too, there were few good field guides to even help you identify them.
Yet examined closely with a little time and patience, some of our moths are
stunningly beautiful with an attire to match even their most image-conscious
cousins the butterflies.
Fly by nightWith their almost limitless colours, butterflies are among our best-loved
wildlife, yet their close relatives the moths remain largely creatures of
mystery. Sue Tatman dusts off the moth trap this spring to see if there’s
more than meets the eye with these underrated insects.
EVENTS
TOM
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TOM
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National Moth Night is 3 - 5 July 2014,
with events across the country.
Visit www.mothnight.info for further
information
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 11
Identifying moths
Avoid touching your moths; their wings are extremely delicate,
easily damaged and critical to their survival. The wings themselves
are covered with tiny scales, which are easily dislodged; indeed
older specimens can look very bald and tatty.
It’s a really good idea to take photos of your moths, especially if
you have a camera with a close-up or ‘macro’ setting. Most moths
can be identified from a good photograph. Taking photos also
means you can take your time working out what you’ve caught,
and even send the photos to an expert to look at, long after the
moths themselves have flown away.
What have I seen?
www.ukmoths.org.uk is great if you think you know what you’ve
seen, whilst www.ispotnature.org lets you post photos for other
people to identify. Finally www.mothscount.org has lots of useful
information about moths and how to see them, including pictures
of the most common species you are likely to see.
How are our moths doing?
We know far less about moths than we do about day-flying
insects such as butterflies and bumblebees, but we believe many
species are in decline. This means any records of moths are
valuable – including those from your back garden. To be of use
a record needs four bits of information: the species, the name of
the person who saw it, the place it was seen (an address or an OS
grid reference) and the date. Additional information such as the
numbers seen, or a photo, is also useful. You can really do your bit
by submitting your sightings to the Cheshire biological records
centre at www.record-lrc.co.uk
Attracting moths into your garden
Ordinary domestic gardens can be home to a surprising numbers
of moths – over 100 species in some gardens. A few changes to
your garden can make it a paradise for moths, as well as other
invertebrates. Here are our top tips:
1. Long grasses, shrubs, trees and climbing plants all provide
places for moths to rest during the day.
2. Moths and their caterpillars also use fallen leaves, old stems
and other plant debris to hide in, and as places to spend the
winter. If you can, delay cutting back old plants until the spring,
rather than the autumn. If you want to keep your garden
looking tidy, try leaving some old plant material behind the
back of borders or in other places out of sight.
3. Moth caterpillars feed on a wide variety of native plants, many
of which we consider weeds, so let a part of the garden go
wild. Many caterpillars feed on native grasses, and native trees
and shrubs are also food plants – hawthorn, blackthorn, hazel,
privet and willow are all good choices.
4. Pesticides and herbicides can kill moths or harm the plants on
which their caterpillars depend for food. Reducing the use of
these chemicals will benefit a wide range of wildlife as well as
moths.
5. Adult moths will take nectar from a wide range of flowers,
including many garden varieties. They particularly like night-
scented plants such as summer-flowering jasmine, honeysuckle,
evening primrose, sweet rocket and night-scented stock.
In some very special years, the UK is visited by good numbers
of hummingbird hawk-moths. These fat-bodied, day-flying
moths from the continent patrol garden flowers in search of
nectar, hovering whilst they feed – leading to their name. Their
size, grey body, black and white-tipped abdomen and orange
wings are largely unmistakable.
Top 5 moths to look out for
One of many tiny insects
collectively known as ‘micro
moths’, close examination
is needed to appreciate its
beauty – the adult in less
than 1cm long, smaller than
your little fingernail.
One of the largest and most
brightly marked moths, and
a frequent garden visitor.
The hairy caterpillar, known
as a ‘woolly bear’ is also a
regular find.
All the hawk-moths are
large, spectacular insects;
the poplar hawk-moth is the
most common in gardens,
although you may also see
others.
Barred fruit tree tortrix Garden tiger Poplar hawk-moth
Relatively common, this
moth is easily recognised
by the metallic sheen which
gives it its name.
Burnished brass
The markings on many
moths are actually
marvellous camouflage.
At rest the buff-tip looks
remarkably like a broken
silver birch twig.
Buff-tip
I’VE SEEN A HUMMINGBIRD, HAVEN’T I?
VIC
KY
NA
LL
12 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
GREAT DAYS OUT
Surrey Wildlife Trust’s tramper buggy. Hants
and Lincs WTs hire out similar vehicles
Bystock Pools in Devon. Boardwalks are a great way for everyone to get really close to wetland wildlife
Accessible reservesTen great
Limited mobility needn’t mean missing out on nature. Here are ten reserves with excellent wheelchair access
G S
WE
ET
NA
M
DE
VO
N W
T
1 Bystock Pools Devon WT
Only a part is wheelchair-accessible – but it’s a really beautiful part, with lots of dragonflies and damselflies in summer. The boardwalk allows access for all around the beautiful freshwater pool where the air is filled with dragonflies in summer. Trees line the way, providing shelter from the sun for visitors and a place for birds to nest. devonwildlifetrust.orgWhere is it? Four miles N of Exmouth. Grid SY 030 849, OS Explorer 115. Postcode EX8 5EE.
2 Joe’s Pond Durham WT
An old coal pit pond at its best in May and June, with records of more than 140 breeding birds. The north end boardwalk for wheelchairs and pushchairs has just been renewed, and there are disabled toilets at Rainton Meadows visitor centre next door. durhamwt.co.uk Where is it? A mile SW of Houghton-le-Spring. Look for Rainton Meadows visitor centre. Grid NZ 328 487, OS Explorer 308. Regular buses.
3 Thurrock Thameside Nature Park Essex WT
Built on a former landfill site, the park is particularly good for seeing and hearing skylarks and also important for invertebrates and reptiles. The views over the Thames Estuary, where there are thousands of wading
birds in winter, are spectacular. There are many easy-access paths, one hide and a superb visitor centre. Wheelchairs can even reach the roof by a spiral route around the outside. essexwt.org.ukWhere is it? 2 miles S of Stanford-le-Hope. Grid TQ 696 806, OS Explorer 175. Postcode SS17 0RN.
4 Testwood Lakes Hants & IOW WT
Winner of the New Forest ‘Access for all’ award, this grassland, wet woodland and lakeside reserve has surfaced paths, accessible hides, all-terrain wheelchairs and one tramper buggy for hire. There’s also a wheelchair-friendly sensory garden. hiwwt.org.ukWhere is it? 1.5 miles from Totton, Southampton. OS Explorer OL22. Buses to Testwood Crescent. Postcode SO40 3WX.
5 London Centre for Wildlife Gardening
London WT
An inspiring garden reserve on the site of an old council depot. The reserve does a great deal of work with local communities, including projects to improve the self-confidence and wellbeing of socially isolated older people. It’s accessible but please call first on 020 7252 9186. wildlondon.org.ukWhere is it? 28 Marsden Road, SE15 4EE. Grid TQ 338 755, OS Explorer 161.
6 Attenborough Nature Reserve Nottinghamshire WT
A huge complex of former gravel pits and islands, most of it wheelchair-accessible, including three hides. The award-winning Nature Centre has displays, a shop and café. nottinghamshirewildlife.orgWhere is it? Off A6005. Grid SK 515 339, OS Explorer 245. Postcode NG9 6DY.
7 Wigg Island Visitor Centre Cheshire Wildlife Trust
The Trust manages the accessible centre here which has refreshments and displays to view during the summer, whilst the wider community park has accessible paths taking you to viewing screens which overlook the adjacent Mersey estuary. Check beforehand for opening times. cheshirewildlifetrust.org.ukWhere is it? North of Runcorn, across the Manchester Ship Canal. Take the A533 Bridgewater Expressway in Runcorn and follow the brown signs onto Astmoor Road.
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 13
6
8
5 3
4
2
1
9
10
Before you goEven the smoothest path or boardwalk can be rendered impassable by floods or a fallen tree, so it’s a good idea to check with the local Wildlife Trust.
FIND MORE SITES LIKE THESE AT WILDLIFETRUSTS.ORG/ACCESSIBLERESERVES
8 Brockholes Lancashire WT
This multi award-winning floating visitor ‘village’ which opened in 2012, gives accessible views across wetlands while you shop, enjoy your lunch or learn more about local wildlife. Two additional accessible nature trails allow those who are feeling adventurous to explore more of the reserve. Where is it? Just east of Preston off J31 of the M6, on the A59, follow the brown Wildlife Trust tourist signs. PR5 0AG.
9 Whisby Nature Park Lincs WT
120ha (300 acres) of marshy wetland. Visitor centre, parking (£2) and wheelchair-friendly facilities, including a lift to the lower floor exhibition, and six bird hides. Thorpe, Coot and Grebe lakes have wheelchair-friendly paths, and mobility scooters can be hired for £2 (free to members). To book, ring 01522 688868. lincstrust.org.uk
Where is it? W of Lincoln relief road A46. OS Explorer 121, Grid SK 911 661.
10 The Welsh Wildlife Centre WT of South and West Wales
This wildlife gem on the banks of the Teifi river at Cilgerran has full disabled access: parking, toilets, a lift and an easy, wheelchair-accessible path around the site. There are frequent guided tours and activities, and a newly planted willow maze. You may see water buffalo and otters in the marsh and, in spring and summer, ospreys overhead. welshwildlife.orgWhere is it? Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire. OS Explorer 145. Postcode SA43 2TB.
7
14 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
What is a Biodiversity Trainee?
Having an environmental qualification may tick the first box
on an application form, or help you through the shortlisting
process for that crucial first job, but how do you meet all the
other criteria? Volunteering has traditionally been the answer
but has the downside that supporting yourself financially can
be extremely challenging. In addition, organisations taking
volunteers are generally charities operating on limited budgets
themselves.
Since 2011, help has been at hand, however, from the Heritage
Lottery Fund, which enables organisations to take on promising
trainees wanting to develop conservation skills. Applicants
are typically graduates who develop over a year’s traineeship
through an Individual Learning Plan. Be it experience with a
chainsaw or teaching children about wildlife, it is down to each
trainee to find opportunities they need and contribute to the
work of the organisation. And yes, it really is paid!
My background…I first realised my true career passion thanks to the British Trust
for Conservation Volunteers (now TCV) whom I initially joined
on Sundays improving local green spaces. I went on to study
conservation at university, earning my keep as a residential
volunteer on a National Trust estate before eventually feeling
ready to tackle my first job in conservation. I ideally wanted
a role on a nature reserve, but I still lacked the surveying and
monitoring skills these posts required. Fortunately, I discovered
the trainee posts with Chester Zoo and the Wildlife Trust. Being
able to tailor the traineeship towards the skills I needed, and
the wealth of opportunities available from the various partner
organisations, made it an opportunity too good to miss.
On the record…I was delighted to be offered a place on the traineeship
in May 2013 along with fellow candidates Laura, Claire
and Kerry. I spent the first block of the placement with
Record – the local biological record centre for Cheshire.
This was an invaluable opportunity for developing
our skills with Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) which we put to use digitising Phase 1 Habitat
Assessments (a first-stage overview of the wildlife
habitats found on a site) for Local Wildlife Sites and
assisting with other queries that came in to the record
centre. We also got our boots dirty tree planting at a
new nature reserve being developed by Chester Zoo,
and got hands-on with great creasted newt surveys.
A day in the life... Andy Perry, Biodiversity TraineeFor the past three years, the Trust has welcomed Skills For The Future trainees each year, as part of a Heritage Lottery-funded project in partnership with Chester Zoo and the Cheshire Region Biological Records Centre. Andy Perry from the 2013/14 team tells us more about what the year-long placement involves.
Small mammal surveying
DAY IN THE LIFE
Talking about water voles
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 15
Back in black…Learning how biological records are collected and stored, and what the data can tell us, formed an important part of my placement with Record, especially around the rare black poplar. This stunning tree (Populus nigra subsp. betulifolia) is one of our largest and rarest native trees and could potentially be extinct in the UK within 30 years. This decline has largely been attributed to a loss of its natural lowland floodplain habitat through drainage, cross-pollination with introduced specimens, and a curious result of its dioecious nature (male and female catkins being on separate trees) in that 90% of remaining British trees are male. Cheshire, however, bucks this trend with many of the county’s 300-plus specimens being female. Chester Zoo has been striving to save this valuable species through a local Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP), recording, monitoring and planting trees around the county. During the traineeship, we have helped with importing detailed information on the location, sex and condition of Cheshire’s black poplars onto RODIS, the wildlife information database for the region. These records have already proved useful as we were able to plot trees that had not previously been genetically tested and plan a route for collecting new samples. Putting the information to the test, we located some of these trees in the field and took cuttings of several
trees which have since been sent off for genetic analysis and will hopefully contribute to the conservation programme.
Delving into the dragon’s den…The period of my placement with the Cheshire Wildlife Trust saw me in the field lending a hand on the white-faced darter dragonfly reintroduction project, badger vaccination programme and various species and habitat surveys. The trainees also teamed up to plan and deliver a wildlife recording day with the zoo and a Living Seas themed event to mark National Marine Week, held at Leasowe Lighthouse on the Wirral. My final stint at the zoo saw me working with the Discovery & Learning team on the recently opened BUGS! Exhibition
The future…The year-long scheme is certainly an intense period of training, but I have enjoyed every day and am heartened to hear that last year’s trainees both went on to secure jobs within the industry – one for an ecology consultancy, the other with a Wildlife Trust. My learning plan already has plenty of boxes checked off, which hopefully means ticking more boxes on future application forms!
A day in the life... Andy Perry, Biodiversity Trainee
Applications for the 2014/15 season have now closed, but if you are interested in becoming a biodiversity trainee or would like more information on the project generally please contact Sarah Bennett on [email protected]
FIND OUT MORE
Isle of Man cabbage conservation on the Wirral
Helping with the white-faced
darter reintroduction
LOTTERY FUNDED
SUPPORTER SURVEY
About the survey
Although we’re lucky enough to meet hundreds of Trust
supporters and members every year at our events, there are
still more than 13,000 of you across Cheshire and Wirral, and
sometimes even further afield! As your local Wildlife Trust acting
as a voice for nature and representing you, our supporters, it’s
important we understand the issues and concerns that mean the
most to you.
Choose the top three areas of our
work you consider most important:
To make more space for nature, the
Trust should:
How important is it that your Wildlife Trust
campaigns to get the best deal for wildlife
on these issues?
This year, we were delighted to receive more than 400 responses to
the survey, both from the form included in the New Year edition of
The Grebe, and those who filled out the survey online. This represents
almost a two-fold increase since our last survey undertaken in 2012. Our
congratulations also go to Mr Brian Williams who was picked out of the
hat of our survey responses and enjoyed two free tickets to see Iolo
Williams in March – and even got the chance to meet the man himself!
Your Wildlife Trust, your viewsIn the January edition of The Grebe, we asked for your views on Cheshire Wildlife Trust and where you think we should be focusing our work in the future. We had a fantastic response to the survey, and the results, along with your comments, will now inform our thinking around a new strategy for the Trust, which we hope to share in The Grebe magazine later this year.
1
2
3
Looking after nature reserves
Saving threatened local wildlife
60%
66%
52% 39%
78% of you strongly agreed
we should work with
landowners where there is
potential benefit for wildlife
of you agreed we
should increase the
size or number of
our nature reserves
of you strongly agreed we
should work with developers
and businesses where there is
potential benefit for wildlife
of you agreed we
should acquire
suitable land where
we can create new
wildlife habitats
of you disagreed we should only
acquire land which is currently of
high wildlife value
78% of you said local council plans on development and the
environment were very important
78%
68% of you said it was very important we campaigned on
agricultural policy
68%
63% of you said direct species protection was very important
63%
58%
47%
52% of you said it was important we campaigned on transport
and infrastructure
52%
60% of you said marine conservation was very important
60%
16 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
60% Influencing planning/development
and political decision making
As the questions in the survey had the option to provide
multiple answers, here we’ve shown the most popular
choices from our results, showing the percentage of you
that chose each option.
WHAT THE NUMBERS MEAN
How can your Trust help you do
your bit for wildlife?
How do you think we should
improve our presence in the region?
In which ways should we work with
people and communities?
What do you see as being the greatest
threat to wildlife in your area?
Below are the top three answers and how many votes each received.
Your Wildlife Trust, your views4
6
7
By creating a purpose-built visitor centre to share nature with the public
By acquiring one or more large flagship nature reserves
By working in partnership to create a presence at other non-Trust locations
By working with groups and communities, and being active in local green spaces
Provide advice and ideas online
Offer a wide range of wildlife products to buy from the Trust
Help you connect with other wildlife Trust members in your area
Hold ‘how to’ workshops sharing expertise on how to do more for wildlife
43%
41%
74%
81%
Nature-based training and work experience
Improve health and wellbeing through nature-based activities
Encourage a wider range of people to access nature reserves and green space
Deliver activities targeted at helping minority groups to access nature
35%
76%
20%
76%
34 %
64%
81%
40%
5 Your viewsCheshire has been massively over-
developed in the last 25 years and this has
had huge consequences for wildlife…we
must try and protect it as much as possible
Mrs Sharples, Warrington
I would like to see much more contact
between the big conservation groups…
together we are stronger!
Mr Abercrombie, Macclesfield
The Trust has the commitment, energy
and knowledge to inspire us to make this
a better place for future generations
Mrs Lomax
There’s not enough going on in Chester…
please set up a local group for people in
the area
Mrs Mulligan, Chester
Economic considerations nearly always
trump wildlife…most people have little
affinity with nature
Mr Carter, Chester
Our wildlife needs all the help it can get,
and you provide it
Mrs Stark
Your magazine is always a good read
Mrs Kingston, Warrington
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 17
Development(housing/roads etc)
16232 29
Agricultural practices
General ignorance/lack of knowledge
FIND OUT MORE
To see the full results, visit cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/yourviews
51%
Provide a wildlife enquiries hotline
Mar
ine
Prot
ecte
d A
reas
There
is n
ow w
ides
pre
ad
agre
emen
t th
at t
he b
est
way
to
rev
erse
the
dec
line
of o
ur
seas
is a
n ec
olo
gic
ally
co
here
nt n
etw
ork
of M
arin
e P
rote
cted
A
reas
(M
PAs)
– e
noug
h sa
fe a
reas
for
mar
ine
hab
itats
and
sp
ecie
s to
thr
ive.
Slo
wly
the
firs
t p
arts
of t
his
netw
ork
ar
e st
artin
g to
fal
l int
o p
lace
. In
rece
nt
mo
nths
the
Gov
ernm
ent
has
final
ly
beg
un to
sto
p d
amag
ing
fish
ing
ac
tivity
in E
ngla
nd’s
Eur
op
ean-
des
igna
ted
Mar
ine
Site
s (p
ale
blu
e o
n
the
map
). T
his
maj
or
bre
akth
roug
h is
lo
ng o
verd
ue. W
e ho
pe
the
oth
er
coun
trie
s w
ill q
uick
ly fo
llow
sui
t.T
here
is a
lso
pro
gre
ss o
n na
tiona
lly-
des
igna
ted
site
s (y
ello
w).
In
Nov
emb
er 2
013
27
site
s in
Eng
lish
w
ater
s (o
ut o
f a r
eco
mm
end
ed 12
7)
bec
ame
Mar
ine
Co
nser
vatio
n Z
one
s (M
CZ
s). I
n S
cotla
nd, 3
3 si
tes
und
er
cons
ulta
tion
will
, we
hop
e, b
e d
esig
nate
d in
20
14. N
ort
hern
Irel
and
’s
rece
nt M
arin
e A
ct h
as p
rod
uced
its
first
MC
Z in
Str
ang
ford
Lo
ugh, a
nd
pav
ed t
he w
ay fo
r m
ore
. How
ever
, the
W
elsh
Gov
ernm
ent’s
pla
ns fo
r m
arin
e si
tes
have
sta
lled
.A
ll U
K G
over
nmen
ts h
ave
a d
ead
line
of 2
020
to c
reat
e a
netw
ork
of M
PAs
that
wo
rks
for
wild
life.
Tw
o
furt
her
tran
ches
of E
nglis
h M
CZ
s ar
e sc
hed
uled
for
des
igna
tion
in 2
015
-16
an
d 2
016
-17
but
rig
ht n
ow w
e’re
stil
l a
long
way
off
. We
will
co
ntin
ue to p
ut
pre
ssur
e o
n al
l Gov
ernm
ents
– a
nd
you
can
help
to
o (s
ee b
elow
).
Sco
ttis
h ca
ndid
ate
site
s T
here
are
33
po
tent
ial
Mar
ine
Pro
tect
ed A
reas
un
der
co
nsul
tatio
n. W
e ho
pe
they
will
be
des
igna
ted
in 2
014
.
Eur
op
ean
Mar
ine
Sit
es
Sp
ecia
l Are
as o
f Co
nser
vatio
n
(SA
Cs)
and
Sp
ecia
l Pro
tect
ion
A
reas
(S
PAs)
are
des
igna
ted
at
a E
uro
pea
n le
vel.
Fo
r th
e fi
rst
tim
e, t
he U
K G
over
nmen
t is
m
anag
ing
fish
ing
act
ivit
y w
ithin
E
nglis
h si
tes.
We
hop
e th
e d
evo
lved
Gov
ernm
ents
will
fo
llow
sui
t.
n
It’s
slo
w p
rog
ress
, but
here
’s w
here
we a
re –
and
where
we n
eed
to
be t
o s
ave m
ari
ne w
ildlif
e
n E
nglis
h M
CZ
s E
nglis
h M
arin
e P
rote
cted
A
reas
are
cal
led
Mar
ine
Co
nser
vatio
n Z
one
s. 2
7 w
ere
des
igna
ted
in N
ovem
ber
20
13.
Thi
s m
eans
tha
t ap
pro
pri
ate
man
agem
ent
mea
sure
s w
ill
now
be
bro
ught
in.
Tha
nk y
ou
to
ever
yone
who
has
su
pp
ort
ed o
ur M
arin
e N
etw
ork
cam
pai
gn
. W
e’ll
be
coun
ting
on
yo
ur h
elp
ag
ain!
Too
big
fo
r th
e m
ain m
ap
The
re a
re a
lso
thr
ee
larg
e E
uro
pea
n si
tes
wes
t o
f Sco
tlan
d
n M
issi
ng
Eve
n if
all t
he S
cott
ish
and
E
uro
pea
n si
tes
are
fully
p
rote
cted
, the
re a
re s
till l
arg
e g
aps
in o
ur s
eas
whi
ch w
ill
need
mo
re M
arin
e P
rote
cted
A
reas
. We
are
det
erm
ined
to
fill
thes
e g
aps
and
cre
ate
a U
K
netw
ork
tha
t w
ork
s fo
r w
ildlif
e
What
yo
u c
an d
oS
ign
up to
our
mar
ine
cam
pai
gni
ng
gro
up a
t w
ildlif
etru
sts.
org
/m
czfr
iend
s. W
e’ll
keep
yo
u up
to
dat
e o
n p
rog
ress
and
ask
yo
u to
hel
p u
s w
ith c
allin
g fo
r M
arin
e P
rote
cted
A
reas
to
sav
e o
ur s
eas.
20 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
HABITATS
Going, going, gone?Cheshire cheese is known around the world, but this famous export would be nothing without
the pasture the region’s cattle need to graze on. These same grasslands are also a haven for rare
wildlife, which is why their ongoing disappearance is the focus of a new Wildlife Trusts campaign,
as Dr Rachel Giles reports.
Between 1997-2010, sites home
to species-rich grassland in
Cheshire fell by almost a third
Lowland Cheshire’s warm, wet summers and mild winters are
perfectly suited to growing grass. Where grass grows fast,
cattle produce a lot of milk, so by the 12th century Cheshire had
become one of the main dairy regions of England. Five hundred
years later and Cheshire cheese was considered the best in
England - its pleasing taste attributed to the high quality of the
grass and fodder in the county.
Although still made in Cheshire, the cheese we now enjoy is
very different. The red and white Shorthorn cattle of old have
long been replaced with the familiar black and white Holstein
– Friesians. The grass and fodder, which was considered so
remarkable, would be unrecognisable to those first cheeemakers.
Today, dairy cattle in the region are largely fed on rye grass, often
in the form of silage and their diets supplemented with soya or
cereal based cattle pellets. Just 70 years ago, cattle were largely
being grazed on permanent pastures that probably contained
at least four species of grass and an array of herbs such as red
clover, birds-foot trefoil, field woodrush and black knapweed.
This was traditional pastoral farming, a process which relied
on natural processes to build soil fertility. Areas of permanent
pasture tended to be located on clay or other land difficult to
plough. The lighter soils produced cereal and winter fodder
crops in rotation with a year or more laid to grass which returned
nutrients to the soil. It was a self-sustaining, pastoral ecosystem.
Sadly, these traditional farming practices which lasted almost a
millennia, disappeared in less than a generation with the advent
of industrialised farming, chemical fertilisers and sprays. The
pace of change was only increased by government-funded farm
subsidies rewarding intensification. Traditional pastoral farming
became no match for the levels of milk production attained by
planting monocultures of fast-growing ryegrass stimulated by
There are Wild Walks you can enjoy across Living Landscapes
throughout the UK.
Visit www.wild-walks.org to find out more and share your
own wildlife sightings!
WILD WALKS
MIK
E S
NE
LLE
RIC
HA
RD
BO
WLE
RTO
M M
AR
SH
ALL
TOM
MA
RS
HA
LL
Our Gowy & Mersey
Washlands Living Landscape
scheme and Gowy Connect
project are supported by the
Environment Agency, WREN
and United Utilities.
To download the map and guided trail visit
cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/livingwalks
To download the map and guided trail visit
cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/livingwalks
Charcoal burning at
Mickle Trafford Banded demoiselle
LonghornFieldfare
CONSERVATION GRAZING
24 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
In August 2012, the Trust embarked on an exciting new project – aiming to bring high-quality, nature-grazed beef and lamb from our conservation grazing herds to local communities across Cheshire. The Trust’s Joe Pimblett updates us.
From fieldto fork
From the Trust’s base at Bickley Hall Farm, we manage an impressive 500-
head of livestock; including 250 Hebridean and Shropshire sheep, Dexter
cattle, and one of the largest native English longhorn herds in the country.
These hardy, traditional breeds are also known as our ‘living lawnmowers’ and
form the basis of our conservation grazing programme working to maintain
and enhance wildlife habitats across Cheshire, from our largest nature reserve
to some of our smallest.
The Wild About Conservation Meat (WACM) project, funded by the
Big Lottery through the Local Food initiative, has been supported by a
Development Officer, Heather Hulse, and myself as project assistant, allowing
us to get stuck into securing a route to market for our meat and working with
local butchers and restaurants to get our produce on the table.
The principle aim of the project has been to secure a long-term, sustainable
income for the conservation grazing scheme that already underpins a great
deal of the Trust’s work, not least in managing around a dozen of our nature
reserves, many of which are also in our flagship Living Landscape scheme.
Spring last year saw the start of an exciting marketing campaign with the
project team hitting the road and attending countless food fairs, agricultural
shows and open days across the county. We had a simple yet bold aspiration:
to get the Trust’s conservation-grazed beef and lamb onto the dinner plates
of Cheshire’s residents.
In the year since we have already made great progress, with five butchers
and restaurants with our meat on the menu or in the window, along with
sales to an expanding retail market, with ‘beef boxes’ and half lambs proving
particularly popular.
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The next generation
Our educational programme also kicked off in the autumn of 2012,
with 10 primary schools visiting our Wigg Island visitor centre in
Runcorn to both come face-to-face with the source of our meat
– a half-tonne longhorn – and also to get valuable healthy eating
cooking skills with the lean, high in Omega 3 beef, through simple
recipes. This first phase of the scheme focused around the Halton
and Warrington districts and enabled us to take Bill, our Longhorn
bull, into the heart of the urban community. An unexpected and
unusual distraction for passers-by, Bill remains a striking but
friendly physical presence and a reminder of where our food
comes from.
As the project progressed we realised that in order for the children
to really get to grips with the full story, a visit to a farm setting
would be hugely beneficial. To support this, local farmer and
enthusiastic conservationist, Rosie Lee, kindly offered her farm and
facilities for us to use. The morning walks around Rosie’s wildlife-
friendly farm went on to prove a big hit with the youngsters.
Following this the children had the opportunity to make their own
conservation-grazed beef burgers using our mince. These were
later cooked on the BBQ for the children’s lunch.
In total, more than 400 children from a dozen different schools
have been involved in the project over the past year.
Case study: Phillip Arden, Bosley
As we began to establish a reliable market for the Trust’s beef
and lamb, the project could then enter the next phase, which
was to create links with local farmers who could also benefit.
In January last year the ‘Meat Producer Scheme’ was trialled to
facilitate this.
“The market research we have completed as part of the project
has been made possible by the grant funding. Many farmers
simply don’t have the spare time to undertake this and as a
result may not be fully aware of the demand for their produce,”
says Joe.
Local beef farmer Phillip Arden has been supplying the WACM
market with his exceptional quality beef for over a year. Phillip
and his wife Janet farm a suckler herd of 80 Aberdeen Angus
cattle on the foothills of the Cloud in Bosley.
The couple’s farm is a flagship for environmental stewardship
with the local wildlife really benefitting from both the scheme
and Phillip’s genuine passion for sustainable farming. The
cattle are grazed outdoors during the spring and summer and
are finished on a grass-based diet year round. Well-managed
cattle grazing on their farm has contributed to the farm’s
mosaic of wildflower - rich pasture and semi-natural woodland
alongside the more commercially managed land that produces
the winter fodder.
“Beef farmers need various outlets for their meat and working
with the Trust’s conservation meat project has been great
for getting my beef sold locally here in Cheshire. Some
of my smaller cattle do not meet the increasingly difficult
specifications of the commercial market but have proved very
popular with the Trust’s butchers and restaurants,” says Phillip.
On a shelf near you!
Despite its original 18-month trial period, far from winding up the
project we’ll now be applying everything we’ve learned into a
new venture: products from reserves. Heather will now be stepping
into the role of Development Officer working to establish a retail
market for even more exciting Cheshire Wildlife Trust products.
Some of the items we expect to go on sale this year are eco-
friendly charcoal, timber and Hebridean wool, so watch this space!
If you would like further information on these products please
For weeks at the beginning of 2014, large parts of Britain’s south
west, Thames Valley and Midlands lay underwater, at the mercy
of a relentless period of low pressure weather systems that saw
river records broken and groundwater levels at their highest for
a century.
From the rural Somerset Levels to the outskirts of London and the
centre of Worcester, several feet of floodwater brought misery to
thousands and generated an often heated political debate that
pitched ministers against government environment departments
operating on recently reduced budgets. However, as the issue of
relief funding and on-the-ground support took centre stage in the
media, the wider science behind what led to the floods was often
overlooked.
Have we added to the problem?
Since World War II, our agricultural landscape has radically
altered. Fewer hedgerows, degraded habitats and more intensive
farming mean our countryside is less able to store water now
than 100 years ago. Historically, natural ‘sponges’ in the landscape
like peat bogs, reedbeds, broadleaved woodlands, wetlands and
species-rich grasslands would have made an effective difference
to the level and intensity of water hitting our river systems.
Flooding - is it time to stop twisting nature’s arm?Earlier this year, the UK witnessed unprecedented
weather and associated flooding that hasn’t been
seen for decades. As a political storm to rival those
that caused the widespread damage continues,
should we be looking at nature for the solution,
rather than battling against it?
In many places, a greater volume of water is now reaching the
floodplain more quickly because of the loss of these natural
habitats as efficient agricultural drainage systems have been
constructed over many years. In some areas, farming practices
can also lead to vast quantities of soil being washed off the land
into watercourses and the sea. Although dredging rose high on
the political agenda in Somerset, it remains just one part of the
wider issue of how we manage run-off and flow capacity.
Perhaps surprisingly, the issue of flooding in our urban areas
can owe more to what happens further upstream, long before
high streets and road networks fall victim to rising waters. Those
upland ‘sponges’ like peat bogs can do much to help those living
further down the river – all the more reason to ensure these
habitats are maintained in the healthiest possible condition.
Another well-publicised impact that has exacerbated urban
flooding is the development of our floodplains. This increased
coverage of impermeable surfaces over areas that would
traditionally be ‘sacrificial’ during flood events means that large
volumes of water that would have otherwise been stored before
being allowed to flow into the river at a reduced pace are now
entering the system almost immediately. Even small changes like
the loss of gardens in favour of driveways as car ownership has
increased have also had a cumulative effect.
Letting nature takes its course
Reinstating the original river course
In partnership with the Environment Agency, at our Hockenhull
Platts nature reserve near Waverton an overspill sluice allows water
from the River Gowy to flow into newly created wetlands during
times of flood that follow the original, more meandering course of
the river. In doing so, a proportion of water can be stored in this
rural location away from properties and farmland, and in turn helps
to introduce fresh water into the wetlands which act as feeding
and refuge areas for otters and water voles, along with breeding
amphibians and dragonflies during the summer months.
The south and south west experienced some
of the worst flooding for decades earlier this year
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Flooding - is it time to stop twisting nature’s arm?
Ecosystem Services – nature’s own processes that we rely
on for our everyday needs and wellbeing; such as water, soils,
nutrients and species we need like pollinators for our food.
Groundwater – water sitting in aquifers and other
underground natural stores. When this reaches full capacity
and ground is saturated, new rainfall has nowhere else to go.
Floodplain – typically large, flat areas adjacent to rivers.
Often very fertile as a result of silt and nutrients previously
deposited there by overspilled floodwaters.
Run-off – the process of water leaving hard surfaces or
saturated soft surfaces and entering into rivers, ditches and
streams either directly or via drains.
Green roofs – grass, succulents or wildflowers are grown in
place of standard roof coverings, helping to both store and
slow down the speed at which run-off enters drainage systems.
Peat bog – found both in uplands and sometimes lowland
areas, these are habitats dominated by sphagnum, a plant
capable of storing many times its dry weight in water.
A Living Landscape – the Wildlife Trusts’ strategy for
landscape-scale management of our countryside, putting
traditional methods of looking after land next to natural
corridors like rivers at the heart of creating space for nature.
JARGON BUSTER
Nature’s flood defences
At our largest nature reserve, the 165-hectare Gowy Meadows
near Ellesmere Port, floodplain grazing marshes are managed in
partnership with Essar (formerly Shell) for a wide range of farmland
birds. In times of flood, these marshes can be allowed to accept
large quantities of water to limit the effects on industry to the north
including the Stanlow Refinery. This periodical flooding allows
water into scrapes and wetlands that host hundreds of wildflowl
over winter, and birds like snipe and lapwing during the summer.
The Wildlife Trusts’ 5 point plan to tackling flood management
1. Fix our broken ecosystems
We need to restore our natural habitat ‘sponges’ across the whole
landscape to make them more robust and able to retain water and
reduce surface run-off. This could be achieved by making payments
to farmers linked to measures that will protect these valuable
habitats. National strategies must also move away from a focus on
dredging and unsustainable land drainage.
2. Take an integrated approach
Current flood-risk management is too fragmented and too heavily
focussed on the old ways of managing the problem, which can
have negative impacts elsewhere. The restoration of nature must
be at the heart of this approach if it is to work. The authorities and
agencies responsible for managing flood and coastal erosion risks
should prioritise natural and sustainable solutions in rural and urban
areas, and along our coasts.
3. Stop development on floodplains
Planning policy must rigorously prevail against urban floodplain
development. Where local authorities see no alternative, priority
must be given to minimising impact through techniques like
sustainable urban drainage systems (SUD), green roofs and
integrating nature reserves as flood alleviation.
4. Give flood agencies the resources needed
Positive action can only be achieved by funding appropriate
levels of resources and staffing within the Environment Agency
and Natural England. The Treasury needs to recognise that the
economic benefits provided by these government agencies working
at their full potential far outweigh the enormous costs of flood
damage, severe drought and the hidden costs of species decline.
5. We can all do our bit
Create a green roof, whether on our home or on top of the garden
shed – planted roofs help to slow the flow of water run-off in bad
weather and help stop flooding. Consider reverting paved areas of
your garden back to greenspace or creating wetland habitats in
your garden – whether it’s a pond or beautiful bog garden, these
habitats all help absorb water and are wonderful for wildlife.
See a Living Landscape in action at our nature reserves along the
River Gowy. Find out more at www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk
28 THE GREBE SPRING 2014
VOLUNTEERING
What was your first reaction when the
letter announcing your British Empire
Medal dropped through the door?
I was absolutely amazed. It was tinged
with some embarrassment too as I couldn’t
think why I should be picked as I know so
many others who have inspired me who
I would have expected to be given the
award before me. Without the support and
camaraderie of fellow volunteers I would
be a voice in the wilderness and probably
have long given up by now.
It’s absolutely amazing that work with
billhook and scythe to improve habitats
for wildlife and people in Wirral has been
recognised, especially the great success
of one small part of the Empire, New Ferry
Butterfly Park!
I’ve learned a lot from those who have
inspired me and shared their knowledge,
including John Magee who introduced me
to hedge laying, Mel Roberts, the founder
of New Ferry Butterfly Park, who had a
dream which is now flourishing, and Jack
Dunning who taught me about hedge
laying Cheshire style. I hope I’m still laying
hedges like he is at 86. Hilary Ash remains
a font of botanical knowledge and a great
person to bounce ideas off.
Can you remember your first ever
connection with nature?
One of my earliest memories was the
intense blue of a bluebell carpet at
Eastham Country Park on the banks of
the Mersey. Forty years later and I am
involved in recreating this experience on a
smaller scale at New Ferry Butterfly Park
and on a larger scale at Thornton Wood.
This blue sea of flowers is a truly British
phenomenon.
You’ve been volunteering regularly now
for more than 25 years. What is it about
the experience that still gets you out of
bed and grabbing your billhook on even
the coldest, wettest days?
Quite simply you have to. You cannot let
other volunteers down. The list of events
has to be a cast-iron currency so cannot
be devalued by a ‘no show’. With our
programme being spread over a dozen
sites, sometimes it is the only time that
season we are visiting. On days when
some volunteers have wanted to cancel,
you can still go to the meeting point and
there will be other tenacious volunteers
raring to go. Often the worst days
weather-wise turn out to be great days in
the field.
Being part of a volunteer team is a
very different experience than going
to work, too. There’s often a rush in the
morning heading to the equipment store,
remembering everything and getting the
broad array of tools, brew kit, kindling and
baked potatoes ready. When you get up
and go to work in an office, your gear for
the day is already there waiting for you!
It can be stressful, but once the event’s
got going you can relax and know it is all
going well and all worth it.
Looking after nature takes patience and
is all about the long game. Cutting a
meadow or coppicing trees brings a small
initial gain. It’s only when these practices
are repeated over time that the positive
effects for wildlife become apparent.
You’ve spent hundreds of hours at the
New Ferry Butterfly Park, are butterflies
at the top of your wildlife list?
Butterflies are certainly top of my list
– they are a flagship, the icing on the
cake of a healthy flower-rich grassland.
Each butterfly tells a different story; high
Paul Loughnane from our Wirral Local Group (Wirral Wildlife) has been volunteering for wildlife for more
than a quarter of a century, and his dedication was recognised with a British Empire Medal (BEM) in the
Queen’s New Year honours. We caught up with Paul as the news sank in.
‘I hope I’m still hedge laying at 86!’
looking after nature takes patience and is all about the long game
Scything as a seasonal cutting technique
for wildflower grasslands is just one rural
skill Paul is keeping alive on the Wirral
SPRING 2014 THE GREBE 29
‘I hope I’m still hedge laying at 86!’
something to see, even after 20 years.
Recently I spied mistletoe growing on a
hawthorn for the first time at the park,
above one of the paths. Being just five
minute’s walk from where I live, even the
dullest of winter days can be freshened up
with a walk round. New Ferry is an urban
area but in the park, with the enclosing
hedgerows, gentle rumble of Merseyrail
trains sauntering by and the peal of the
bells of Christ Church at Port Sunlight on
Sundays, you could be in the deepest rural
countryside.
You have the keys to No. 10 for the day
– what’s the first item for change on the
agenda?
I don’t envy anyone in number 10, but one
item I would want to put on the ‘to do’ list
would be the control of bovine TB and
where the nation is heading in tackling
the disease. We should be supportive of
farmers whose cattle have TB, help their
biosecurity and take up the vaccination
challenge which the Cheshire Wildlife Trust
has pioneered for badgers. In my view,
a cull would be a waste of public money
as it doesn’t really work and may spread
disease by perturbation.
It’s a bizarre situation that it’s a criminal
offence to disturb a badger sett, yet in
other areas government programmes are
eliminating them! What is really required
is a bovine TB vaccine for cattle which can
be distinguished from naturally occurring
TB infection.
What would be your top tip for someone
wanting to encourage wildlife in their
backyard for the first time?
Plant a lavender bush. It’s a fragrant
perennial which attracts bumblebees
and butterflies. It’s low maintenance, just
requiring an end of season haircut. Just
cut back to green wood as older brown
wood stems do not re-sprout.
You can find out more about New Ferry
Butterfly Park on our website at
www.cheshirewildlifetrust.org.uk and
the work of our Wirral Local Group at
www.wirralwildlife.org.uk
The Lord Lieutenant of Merseyside will
be the guest of honour on the park’s
open day, Sunday May 4th, when Dame
Lorna Muirhead DBE will also unveil a
new accolade for the site.
INFORMATION
After a quarter of a century,
New Ferry Butterfly Park
remains Paul’s favourite spot
numbers of common blues reflect a great
yellow carpet of bird’s-foot trefoil, while the
presence of fritillaries completes the picture
of an ancient woodland with open rides
and delicate and diminutive purple violets.
Butterflies are the icing on the cake of a healthy, flower-rich grassland
Butterflies at the park have been recorded
intensely for 12 years now so it is one of
our yardsticks to how the conservation
work is progressing. I always eagerly await
Barry Shaw’s annual report of Cheshire
butterflies to see how the populations at
the park are faring compared with other
sites in Cheshire. The annual fluctuation
in numbers of butterflies still remains
something of a mystery, but the figures
provide an early warning on what species
need special attention.
You’re a big advocate of countryside skills
like hedge laying. Do you still prefer to use
the traditional tools of the trade instead of
the latest technology?
Chainsaws have their place. They can take
the heavy slog off some projects, but they
are exclusive and limited to those who
are trained and can be easily overused.
Following a chainsaw operator moving
through a woodland at speed can be
disheartening for volunteers as almost
insurmountable piles of brash build up
faster than even the most enthusiastic team
can clear them. Somehow the constant
buzz of a chainsaw or strimmer seems to
take away from the natural sounds around
you too, and conversation and banter
amongst the team can be easily lost –
along with birdsong in the trees above.
When hedge laying, the stools and
pleachers (the remaining parts of the tree
left to generate new growth) always shine
better when cut with a traditional axe. I think
it’s important to build confidence in the use
of hand tools, and it’s amazing what can be
tackled with them. There’s something very
satisfying about using an axe or billhook
and the clean, finished, cut wood which is as
smooth as if cut with a plane.
Another downside to chainsaws creeping
into events like local hedging matches is
that hedges chosen can become bigger
and it can close the door for novices.
Chainsaw training and all the necessary
safety gear will leave you little change
out of £1,500. There is something slightly
magical about your own hand tools, like
your own Excalibur, but it’s the skills
behind the cutter that really count.
Hedge laying is almost like going into
battle with all that armoury, with the
prize being a well-laid living fence with
both utility and beauty. Scythes, when
you know how to handle them, are faster
than strimmers and come without the
noise, expense and carbon footprint, and
everyone can have a go.
There’s something slightly magical about having hand tools… like your own Excalibur
Do you have a favourite spot for getting
close to nature?
The Butterfly Park has to be my favourite
place. It is the site I am most familiar with
and I have been involved with it since its
creation. I am there so often and enjoy
watching changes, plus there’s always
Wildlife Trust Binoculars
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Follow Cheshire Wildlife Trust on Facebook and Twitter for information on optics days near you this summer.