The Great War Consumes Europe

Take out your homework, notebook, & text

The Great War Consumes Europe

For each image you see, write the cause of WW1

that is represented.

If you’re stumped, turn to your partner and ask for

some help!

Warm-Up Activity

MANIAC

MANIAC!!!!ilitarism

lliances

ationalism

mperialism

ssassination

risis in the Balkans

WWI—A Review… Nationalism spurs competition among European nations Imperialism deepens national rivalries Militarism leads to large standing armies A weakening Ottoman Empire leads to a crisis in the

Balkans Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand leads to

the beginning of World War I, as Austria declares war on Serbia

Members of the Triple Entente join the Allies; members of the Triple Alliance join the Central Powers; additionally, many colonial subjects were recruited to serve

Look at your maps from yesterday’s classWho were the primary Central Powers?Who were the primary Allied Powers?

Central: Germany and Austria-HungaryAllied: Great Britain, France, Russia

Central vs. Allied

Why did Great Britain enter the war?Germany invaded Belgium to get to France

Why did Austria go to war against Serbia?Assassination and encouragement by Germany

Why did Germany declare war on Russia?Russians had mobilized troops in order to

protect Serbians after Austrian declaration of war

Lots of WW1 players…

Schlieffen planGerman army would race West to defeat France and

then return to fight Russia in the EastGerman felt that Russia’s lack of railroads would

limit their ability to mobilizeWorked brilliantly at first; swept through Belgium

and into FranceFrench defeated Germans at the Battle of the

Marne; defeated the Schlieffen plan but failure to capture new ground—Stalemate Quick victory in the West no longer seemed possible

Russia invaded Germany; Germany would have to fight a long war on 2 fronts

Germany’s Plan

Schleiffen Plan

Characterized by trench warfarePure misery for soldiers—slept, washed, ate,

dreamed in mud; long, anxious wait periods, limited medical treatment available

Trenches swarmed with rats, infections, diseases, spoiled food

Many of the 40 million casualties of WW1 died as a result of trench warfare

No man’s land refers to the vast space between enemy trenches, often full of mud and destruction

Despite major battles and horrific casualties, neither side advances on the Western Front

War on the Western Front

Divide class into Central and Allied powers

Clear out middle section of classMove all bookbags in middle section of class

Each student will receive 3 pieces of scrap paper—roll up into a ball to use for ammunition

Students wage battle—this should demonstrate the futility of trench warfare and dangers of going “over the top”Any student hit by ammunition is to remain still

in place where they got hit

Trench Warfare Simulation

For those injured during trench stimulation…understand that medical services were not as advanced at this time; life-saving medicines, procedures, antibiotics hadn’t been discoveredMinor injuries can kill you! Very likely that infection

could cause your body to decayGermans recorded that 23% of arm wounds resulted in

deathSoldiers suffered from many diseases and parasites

caused by unsanitary living conditionsMany died due to the cold winter weather; temperature

in a trench could fall below freezingRare to bury a body; most left in no man’s land

Medical Conditions

What did that experience feel like?

Imagine the weapons you were throwing were real, or that you had been in the trenches for two weeks. What would this experience have been like then?

Soldiers were often in the trenches for weeks, much of that time spent on edge as they waited for an attack. How do you imagine this uncertainty affected them?

Reflection Questions

To further our understanding of life for a soldier during WW1, lets take a look at some letters…

Get ready to discuss

Letters from the Western Front

Russians and Serbs battle Germans, Austrians, and Turks along the Eastern Front

Without modern technology, the Russian army was continually short on food, guns, ammunition, clothes, boots, and blankets; hangs on through sheer strength of its numbers

Since Russia maintains troops, Germany cannot send its full fighting force to the West

War on the Eastern Front

You and your group will play teacherExplore your weapon and teach its impact to the class

All students must complete their charts and be ready to share with the class

Group 1-Chase, Lauren, Imran, Ally (machine guns)

2-Tim, Ashley S., TJ, Jackie (poison gas)3-Luke, Alyssa, Tyler, Kelly (tanks)4-Ashley K., Jennie, Keith(airplanes)5-John, Kyle, Julie, Jill (submarines)

Technology during WW1

Germany intensified submarine warfare1917 Germany announced that their subs would sink without

warning any ship in the waters around BritainThis policy was known as unrestricted submarine warfare

Germany then sank 3 American shipsThen the British intercepted the Zimmermann note

telegram from Germany’s foreign secretary to German ambassador in Mexico; Germany would help Mexico reconquer land it had lost to the US if Mexico would ally itself with Germany

US declares war and joins AlliesUs had always been sympathetic with Allies—major trading

partners, special bond with Britain, similar democratic institutions

Why would the US get involved in this war?

WW1 soon became a total war; countries devoted all resources to war effort Entire force of government dedicated to winning conflict Gov control of economy-told factories what to produce and how

much; unemployment nearly disappeared

Due to nature of total war, many goods were in short supplyrationing; people could buy only small amounts of certain items that were also needed for war effort (from butter to shoe leather)

Censorship of news—did not want to turn people against war Use of propaganda—one-sided information intended to

persuade public, keep up morale and support for the war

Total war

What prompted the US to enter the war?What is total war?Why did governments utilize propaganda

during the war?

Exit Ticket

Russia withdraws from war, but the US troops give Allies the edge

Central Powers Crumble, war ends 1918

Time had come to forge a peace agreement

The War comes to a close

What was Wilson’s plan for peace? What were his general goals for the postwar world? Explain Wilson’s 14 points.

Why did the Allies dictate a harsh peace?

What was the League of Nations

Why was the peace after WW1 built on quicksand?

What was the lost generation?

Chapter 13 Section 4

End to secret treatiesFree tradeFreedom of the seasReduced national armies and naviesSelf determination-allowing people to decide

for themselves under what government they wish to live under

Hope for an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world problems

Wilson’s Plan for Peace

Treaty of Versailles punished Germany—restricted military, war making capability

Placed sole responsibility of war on GermanyWas this right or wrong?Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies

Bad, Bad Germany

US rejected treatyBelieved that the US best hope for peace was

to stay out of European affairsLacking US support, League didn’t have

much power

Peace Built On Quicksand

Enormous suffering and pointlessness of the war

Devastating lossesAbout 40 million casualties 383 A Voice From the Past

Lost Generation