THE GREAT WAR: • AKA = World War One • Meant to be “…the most glorious conflict since the Napoleonic Wars….”
Jan 14, 2016
THE GREAT WAR:• AKA = World War One• Meant to be
“…the most glorious conflict since the Napoleonic Wars….”
MANIA
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Militarism
Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Assassination
ANIMAL
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Alliances
Nationalism
Imperialism
Militarism
Assassination
Leadership
Relevant Vocabulary• Total War – entire country mobilizes for war
• Trench Warfare – war fought in trenches
• Triple Entente – one side of the war
• Central Powers – one side of the war
• Propaganda – posters, pamphlets or music meant to alter emotions
• Eastern Front – eastern-most area of fighting
• Western Front – western-most area of fighting
Trench Warfare
Two Sides
• Central Powers– Germany– Austria-Hungary– Ottoman Empire– Italy
• Allied Powers– Russia– France– Great Britain– Belgium– Italy– United States
Propaganda
Attack Plans
French Attack Plan: Plan XVII
Goal: to regain Alsace and Lorraine
German plan: Schlieffen Plan
Goal: Capture Paris quickly
Soldiers of the Western Front
German Officer and soldier
German Infantry French Infantry
Western Front• Verdun 1914
– February-November 1916
• Flander’s Fields• Ypres• Arras• The Marne
– September 4-10, 1914
• The Christmas Truce – December 25, 1914
• The Somme – July-November 1916
In Flanders FieldsBy: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD (1872-1918) Canadian Army
IN FLANDERS FIELDS the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row,
That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly
Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago
We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie
In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high.
If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow
In Flanders fields.
Soldiers of the Eastern Front
Austro-Hungarian
German Russian Russian
Eastern Front
• Austrians & Germans vs. Russians• Caused a revolution in Russia• Russia withdrew from the war in 1917• Central Forces transferred to the Western Front
The end
• Cease-fire declared on…“The 11th hour of the 11th month on the 11th day.”
• Ended with the Treaty of Versailles• Based on Wilson’s 14 points
– Ended the war– Germany is to blame– Reparations must be paid– New countries established
• Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
– Established the League of Nations
Significant Aspects
• Trench war• Chemical War• 68 million men were mobilized. 9 million deaths, almost
as many as the current population in Belgium. • Losses:
– Russia: 2 million– Germany 1.8 million – France 1.3 million– Great Britain 1.1 million– Austria-Hungary 1 million
• Hyper-Inflation in Germany
Sources• Livesey, Great Battles of World War I • Winter, The Experience of World War I • Copyright © 1996-2003 by The War Times Journal at www.wtj.com.• German machine gunner photo courtesy of the United States National Archives and
the United States Signal Corps. • http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/flanders.htm• http://librivox.org/in-flanders-fields-by-john-mccrae/
• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm
Important IndividualsCentral Powers• Austria-Hungary:
Ruler: Military Leader:
• Germany: Ruler: Kaiser Wilhelm II Military Leader: Erich von Falkenhayn,
• Turkey: Ruler: Military Leader:
Allied Powers• France:
Ruler: Military Leader: Joseph Joffre, Henri
Petain• Great Britain:
Ruler: PM David Lloyd George Military Leader: Sir John French, Sir
Douglas Haig• Russia:
Ruler: Emperor Nicolas II Military Leader:
• United States: Ruler: Woodrow Wilson Military Leader: John Pershing
• Belgium: Ruler & Military Leader:
King Albert I