The Great Schism

The student will demonstrate knowledge of the Byzantine Empire and Russia from about 300 to 1000 C.E. by: Explaining disputes that

led to the split between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church

Assessing the impact of Byzantine influence and trade on Russia and Eastern Europe

Essential Questions What factors produced

the division within the Christian church?

Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe?

Eastern Christianity built on works of early fathers Saint Basil

Wrote rules for monks Saint John Chrysostom

Patriarch of East

Patriarchs had to bow to emperor

Controversy in 8th century Emperor Leo III banned use of

icons Called it idol worship

Army and iconoclasts started destroying icons

Pope excommunicated Byzantine Emperor

Not until 843 C.E. are icons restored to Eastern churches

The Great Schism Divide continues to grow 1054 C.E. the Pope and

patriarch excommunicated each other over a dispute in religious doctrin

Led to permanent split or schism in church

Western ChurchRoman Catholic

Eastern ChurchEastern Orthodox

Centered in RomePope has authority over

Bishops

Centered in ConstantinoplePatriarch and other bishops

share authority

Farther away from the seat of power once Constantinople

became capital

Close to the seat of power once Constantinople became

the capital

Latin is spoken in the Liturgy (church services)

Greek is spoken in the liturgy (church services)

Pope has authority over Kings and emperors

Emperor has authority over Patriarch and bishops

Priests can’t marryDivorce is not permitted

Priests can marryDivorce is allowed under

certain conditions

Trade routes allowed for increased contact Black Sea Baltic Sea

Slavs began trading with Constantinople in 9th century Cultural diffusion

occurred and Russian culture grew out of blending of Slavic and Greek traditions

Missionaries spread religion eastward Helped spread Orthodox

Christianity to Eastern Europe and Russia

Two most successful missionaries Saint Methodius and Saint

Cyril Invented alphabet for Slavic

language Could read bible in own

tongues Called Cyrillic alphabet

Helped spread religion further

Rise of Russia Group called the Rus

organized in 800s C.E. Most likely Vikings Nearby rivers allow trade

Dneiper, Don, and Volga City of Kiev becomes center of

Rus

Kiev becomes Orthodox Princess Olga visits

Constantinople in 957 C.E. Converted to Christianity

Her grandson Vladmir Sent out teams to observe

three major religions: Christianity, Islam, and Judaism

Report on Constantinople convinced Vladmir to convert to Eastern Orthodoxy 988 A.D. Married a Byzantine

Princess Kiev became seat of an

Orthodox Bishop

Vladmir leads the way Vladmir and his son

expanded Kiev and consolidated power

Marriages helped form trading alliances with Western Europe

Decline began when empire was divided

Mongol Invasions Invaded in 1200s

Attacked and demolished Kiev

Mongol rule in Russia After fall of Kiev

Mongols ruled all of Southern Russia

Called the “Khanate of the Golden Horde”

Let Russians retain usual customs and tolerated religion Established city of

Moscow Demanded only

obedience and tributes Eventually led to

overthrow by “Russians”

Influences

Church architecture and religious art

Adoption of Greek alphabet to the Slavic languages by St. Cyril

Trade routes between the Black Sea and Baltic Sea

Adoption of Orthodox Christianity