The Great Migration & The Red Summer Presented by Jackson Morgan & Benjamin Eberhardt.

The Great Migration & The Red SummerPresented by Jackson Morgan & Benjamin Eberhardt

The Great Migration an Overview

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFc5t3rHRAE

The Context The failed hopes of emancipation Extreme marginalization of African Americans in Southern

States Sharecropping and tenant farmers Debt peonage Jim Crow laws WW1

The Numbers Spanned the years 1915-1960 20s 800,000 30s 398,000 40s-1960 3,348,000

Motivation for movement Escape from harsh segregation (Jim Crow) laws Opportunities for comparably higher wages Chasing their version of the American Dream

The great migration as a another of the waves of migrants from this time period from Ireland, East Europe, China, etc.

Reception In North In many ways African American were incentivized to travel

north Came into conflict with other “inner city” ethnic minorities White flight Permanently changed the ethnic makeup of many Northern

Cities

Consequences Many inner-city areas became underfunded Blalock’s Threat Models of race relations Increased segregation in North Unemployment and underemployment

Poverty, violence, and family decline At same time increased business for black professionals and

caused general increase in political clout for African Americans in their own communities.

“The Red Summer of 1919 broke in fury. The colored people throughout the country were disheartened and dismayed. The great majority had trustingly felt that, because they had cheerfully done their bit in the war, conditions for them would be better. The reverse seemed to be true.”

James Weldon Williams

Red Summer Caused by the Great Migration. Result was riots in 22 Cities and 72 lynchings. Multitude of factors including the KKK, Nationalism, and

WWI involved.

Case Study: Macon, Georgia Post war Macon, Georgia was a urban industrial hub for

textile and manufactured goods in the south. White Middle Class workers felt threatened by the arrival of

African Americans in the city. Many African Americans were veterans returning from war

looking for better opportunities other than sharecropping. KKK chapter filed a report directly relating to the veterians

that resulted in lynchings and race riots. Klansmen were primarily made up of policeman and store

clerks but were led by doctors and lawyers.

References http://

web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=b336b16c-44be-4142-842c-f47f746c40f3%40sessionmgr4002&vid=5&hid=4201

http://www.blackpast.org/aah/great-migration-1915-1960 http://

web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=2bbc67ce-0145-4d50-a510-31f52a37ea98%40sessionmgr4004&vid=12&hid=4214

http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/james-weldon-johnson-113.php

References cont. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFc5t3rHRAE http://www.jstor.org/stable/2716062?Search=yes&resultItem

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http://cameronmcwhirter.com/wordpress/james-weldon-johnson-on-the-red-summer/

http://afroamhistory.about.com/od/segregation/p/The-Red-Summer-Of-1919.htm