Garrett Glass Tori Thompson Gable Bell Ke ‘Undra Clewis Kelly Santa Maria The Grammarian Basterds
GarrettGlassTori ThompsonGableBell
Ke ‘Undra ClewisKellySantaMaria
The Grammarian Basterds
Contents MisplacedModifiers DanglingModifiers Parallelism FaultySubordination FaultyPredication
Field Caution: Misplaced Modifiers Modifiersarephrases,words,andclausesusedtomodify.
Misplacedmodifiersgiveunintendedmeaningstothewrongwords.
Hence,theyaremisplaced.
Misplacedmodifierscausereaderstoreadadifferentmeaningthantheoriginalintention.
Field Caution: Misplaced Modifiers Thewordsonlyandalmostareexamplesofmodifiers.
Now,cananyonetellmethedifferencesbetweensetsoftwosentences?
Exampleswithalmost: ColonelHansalmost escapedwithoutascratch. ColonelHansescapedalmostwithoutascratch.
Exampleswithonly: LieutenantRainesonlywanted100enemyscalps. LieutenantRaineswantedonly100enemyscalps.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers MisplacedAdjectives Adjectivesaremisplacedandmodifythewrongnoun. ForExample:Havingignitedthebuilding,theburningmanwatchedthetheatercollapse.
Themanshouldn’tbeburningashestartedthefire.Theadjectiveshouldbeusedtodescribethebuilding.
Correction:Havingignitedtheflames,themanwatchedtheburningtheatercollapse.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers Thewritercanchangethemeaningofasentencedependingonwhereheorsheplacestheadverb. Justthedaughterescaped. Thedaughterjustescaped.
Thefirstsentenceimpliesonlythedaughterescaped.
Theseconddescribeswhenthedaughterescaped.
Types of Misplaced Modifiers Therulesofmisplacedmodifiersstillapplytosentencesbeginningwithaphraseandacomma.
Thephraseshouldrefertotheimmediatewordfollowingthecomma. Lightinghercigarette,themovietheaterwasblownup. Correction:Lightinghercigarette,thewomanblewuphermovietheater.
Dangling Modifiers Adanglingmodifierisawordorphrasethatmodifiesawordnotclearlystatedinthesentence.Amodifierdescribes,clarifies,orgivesmoredetailaboutaconcept.
Dangling Modifiers HavingrefusedtodivulgethewhereaboutsoftheGermans,thebatcollidedwithhisskull.
• "Havingrefused"isaparticipleexpressingaction,butthedoerisnotthebat.Dobatsdivulgewhereabouts?No.
• Sincethedoeroftheactionexpressedintheparticiplehasnotbeenclearlystated,theparticipialphraseisadanglingmodifier.
Dangling Modifiers Tocorrectthissentence,wecanrephraseitlikethis: HavingrefusedtodivulgethewhereaboutsoftheGermans,theNazifeltthebatcollidewithhisskull.
Identify the Problem Afterensuringthedoorswerelocked,thecurtainwentupinflames. Whatismodifying“afterensuring”?
Problem Identified Afterensuringthedoorswerelocked,thecurtainwentupinflames. Whatismodifying“afterensuring”? “Thecurtain”didnotensurethedoorswerelocked.Whenwasthelasttimeyousawacurtainactofitsownaccord?
Havingcarvedaswastikaintohisforehead,theplanwassuccessfullyexecuted. Whatisthedanglingmodifierhere?
HavingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead,theplanwassuccessfullyexecuted. Whatisthedanglingmodifierhere? Theplan isincorrectlymodifying“havingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead”.
Corrected sentence HavingcarvedaswastikaintotheNazi’sforehead,LieutenantAldoRaine successfullyexecutedtheplan.
Parallelism
LieutenantAldoRaine Helps UswithParallelism
Parallelism Isastylisticstructurethatmakesasentence“soundbetter”
Givesa“rhythm”tothestructureofasentence Helpswithclarityandcomprehension
Example of ParallelismLieutenantAldoRaine hasabiggun,isameanman,andhasasharpknife.
Ithasa(Verb‐Article‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
LieutenantAldoRaine isgoingtooccupiedFrance,hasorderstosecretlyexecute,and________.
a. onewashappyandniceb. ismarchingwithtoughguysc. hadmuchtimetowaitfortheenemyd. wascollectingscalps
Answer is (b) Lieutenant Aldo Raine is going to occupied France, has orders to secretly execute, and is marching with tough guys.
It has a (Verb Phrase-Preposition-Modifier-Noun) Pattern
LieutenantAldoRaine likescursing,killing,and_______________.
a. maimingb. totalkloudlyformanyhoursc. musichecandancetod. collectedscalps
Answer is (a) LieutenantAldoRaine likescursing,killing,andmaiming.
Ithasa(Verbal)Pattern
WhileinFranceLieutenantAldoRaine willkillmanysoldiers,_____________,andcarvemanysymbols.
a. takeinthenightlifeb. goseeaGermanfilmpremierec. takenosurvivorsd. trytogetsomemorescalps
Answer is (c) WhileinFranceLieutenantAldoRaine willkillmanysoldiers,takenosurvivors ,andcarvemanysymbols.
Ithasa(Verb‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
Faulty Subordination SubordinateClause Asubordinateclause,alsocalledadependentclause,willbeginwitheitheraconjunctionorrelativepronounandwillcontainbothasubjectandaverb.Thiscombinationofwordswillnotformacompletesentence.
Conjunctions and Relative Pronounsafteralthoughasbecausebeforeevenifeventhoughifinorderthatonceprovidedthat
ratherthansincesothatthanthatthoughunlessuntilwhenwheneverwherewhereas
whereverwhetherwhichwhilewhowhomwhosewhy
Upside Down Subordination Donotexpressthemainthoughtofthesentenceinthesubordinateclauseorphrase. Incorrect:Shewaswalkingdownthestreet,whensheheardanexplosion.
Upside Down Subordination Donotexpressthemainthoughtofthesentenceinthesubordinateclauseorphrase. Incorrect:Shewaswalkingdownthestreet,whensheheardanexplosion.
Correct:Whenshewaswalkingdownthestreet,sheheardanexplosion.
Correct:Sheheardanexplosion,whenshewaswalkingdownthestreet.
Upside Down Subordination Whatiswrongwiththissentence? Incorrect:TheNaziranacrossthefieldashewasshot.
Upside Down Subordination Whatiswrongwiththissentence? Incorrect:TheNaziranacrossthefieldashewasshot. Correct:AstheNaziranacrossthefieldhewasshot. Correct:TheNaziwasshotasheranacrossthefield.
Faulty PredicationDoNotGetCaughtbytheGrammarNazisforFaultyPredication
Definition Faultypredicationsimplymeansthesubjectandpredicatetogetherarenotlogical,thesubjectcannot“be”or“do”theverb.
Forexample:Lt.AldoRaine’s gunassuresitwilldoitsjob.
Thisdoesnotmakeanysense.Why?Theguncannotassureyouofanything.
Common Misuse Theuseofwhere.
Example:AvacationiswherepeoplegetawayfromtheGrammarNazis,school,orwork.
Thisiswrong!Vacationisnotaspecificplace Correction:AvacationisabreakpeopletakefromtheGrammarNazis,school,orwork.
Theuseofwhen. Example:ExilingapersoniswhenthatpersoniscastoutoftheGrammarNazis.
Correction:ExilingapersoniskickingthatpersonoutoftheGrammarNazis. Theuseofbecause.
Example:Thereasonwearelosingthisgrammarbattleisbecausewesuckatgrammar.
Correction:Wearelosingthisgrammarbattlebecausewesuckatgrammar. Reasonandbecausetechnicallyhasthesamemeanings,sodropeitherbecauseorthereason.
Hard to Recognize Themanualsinthegrammararmybelievesinmakingsense.
Correction:Theauthorofthemanualinthegrammararmybelievesinmakingsense.
Amanualcannotbelieve– onlypeoplecan.
Boot Camp Misplacedmodifiersdowhattothereaders? Skewtheoriginalmeaning
Whereshouldthemodifierbeplaced? Beforetheworditintendstomodify
Identifythedanglingmodifier: AfterbeingreleasedbyLieutenantRaine,theknifemetColonialLanda’s forehead.
Inthissentence,theknife isnotbeingreleased.ColonialLanda isbeingreleased.
Boot CampLieutenantAldoRaine askedthecapturedsolidertoshowhimtheenemy’sposition,tellhimthetroopsize,and_______________.
a. forhislunchorderb. givehimtheartillerymakeupc. doyouknowwhoIamd. whatconditionerdoyouuseonyourscalp
Boot Camp LieutenantAldoRaine askedthecapturedsolidertoshowhimtheenemy’sposition,tellhimthetroopsize,andgivehimtheartillerymakeup . Ithasa(Verb‐Pronoun‐Article‐Adjective‐Noun)Pattern
Boot Camp Incorrect:Whiletheexplosionsdetonate,thedoorsarelocked.
Incorrect:WhenShosanna shootsZoller,hisbackisturned.
Boot Camp Incorrect:Whiletheexplosionsdetonate,thedoorsarelocked. Correct:Theexplosionsdetonatewhilethedoorsarelocked.
Correct:Whilethedoorsarelocked,theexplosionsdetonate.
Incorrect:WhenShosanna shootsZoller,hisbackisturned. Correct:Shosanna shootsZoller whenhisbackisturned.
Correct:Whenhisbackisturned,Shosanna shootsZoller.
Boot Camp Whichsentenceiscorrect? Afinalexaminationiswhenstudentsaretestedonwhattheyknow.
or Afinalexamisatestofwhatstudentsknow.
Whichsentencedoesfaultypredicationoccur? Thereasonwearegoingtolearntobegrammatically
correctisbecausewearegoingtopracticedaily.or
Wearegoingtolearntobegrammaticallycorrectbecausewearegoingtopracticedaily.