The Grammar Business © 2001 Glenrothes College The Grammar Business Part One 4. Naming of Parts.

The Grammar Business © 2001 Glenrothes College

The Grammar BusinessThe Grammar BusinessPart OnePart One

4. Naming of Parts

2`The Grammar Business © 2001 Glenrothes College

Names of parts of speechNames of parts of speech

• Verbs and nouns make your head go round?

• But understanding these words helps, if you want to get things right

• So a brisk brush-up


It’s not all that difficultIt’s not all that difficult

• A noun is a naming word• For example: tree, ship, biscuit, table. If the

noun’s a real name e.g. Tony Blair, or Glenrothes, it’s called a proper noun. The first letter of a proper noun is always a capital.

• A noun can be singular (only one) or plural (two or more). Most (not all) nouns have an S added in the plural e.g. bun buns, sausage sausages BUT child children.


And a verbAnd a verb

• Is a doing/being word

• For example: make, sing, grow, shine, exist, hope

• A verb may be made up of more than one word. For example: has bought, will go, had forgotten, is working


And an adjectiveAnd an adjective

• is a describing word

• which describes a noun

• for example - a big house, a blue car, an impressive salary, a hopeless case


And an adverbAnd an adverb

• is another describing word

• which describes a verb

• for example: she walked slowly; they began enthusiastically; they genuinely hated grammar classes

• most - but not all - adverbs end ‘ly’


And a prepositionAnd a preposition

• is usually small e.g. to, from, with

• goes in front of another word, or group of words, to help make sense

• can alter the sense of the whole thing if you get the wrong one

• I look after her; I look over her; I look down on her; I look through her


So far so good?So far so good?Identify the Identify the nounsnouns in the sentence below. You in the sentence below. You

should find FOUR.should find FOUR.

• Five devastating diseases are sweeping through the cocoa crops, threatening the staple diet of the neurotic chocolate-lover

• Check your answers on the next slide


Nouns are picked out in Nouns are picked out in blueblue

• Five devastating diseases are sweeping through the cocoa crops, threatening the staple diet of the neurotic chocolate-lover


Now pick out the Now pick out the verbsverbsYou should find four. Three of them have two You should find four. Three of them have two

parts.parts.

• One disease, witches’ broom, has slashed Brazil’s production of cocoa by three-quarters and is devastating crops in Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Columbia and Panama. Even worse is the black pod disease, which has cut harvest by up to 90 per cent in West and Central Africa.


Verbs are picked out in Verbs are picked out in blueblue

• One disease, witches’ broom, has slashed Brazil’s production of cocoa by three-quarters and is devastating crops in Peru, Ecuador, Venezuela, Columbia and Panama. Even worse is the black pod disease, which has cut harvests by up to 90% in West and Central Africa.


Pick out the five adjectives (words that Pick out the five adjectives (words that describe a noun)describe a noun)

• Worried scientists, from the Department of Agriculture, have described their desperate mission as “to save chocolate for the enthusiastic consumers of the world”. However, their desperate attempts to stop the new diseases have failed.


Adjectives appear in Adjectives appear in blueblue

• Worried scientists, from the Department of Agriculture, have described their desperate mission as “to save chocolate for the enthusiastic consumers of the world”. However, their desperate attempts to stop the new diseases have failed.


And finally - adverbsAnd finally - adverbsYou should find You should find twotwo

• Using fungicides to beat the plagues is costly. However, by and large the diseases affect different countries differently. No one answer to the problem can confidently be found.


Adverbs in Adverbs in blue...blue...

• Using fungicides to beat the plagues is expensive. However, by and large the diseases affect different countries differently. No one answer to the problem can confidently be found.


Now we nearly have all the names Now we nearly have all the names that we needthat we need

• but not quite!

• There’s still the matter of

• subject and

• object


Subject Subject • The subject is the person/thing that makes

the verb make sense• For example: I study (I am the subject); she is

boring (she is the subject); grammar classes kill enjoyment (grammar classes are the subject)

• A subject is usually some kind of noun• A subject usually appears just before the verb


In the following sentences, the In the following sentences, the subject subject will will

appear in blue, and the appear in blue, and the verbverb in green in green

• Guns sometimes kill.

• Usually, but not always, beef stew is filling.

• Most miracles mystify.

• Grammar sucks.


So, if the So, if the subjectsubject is what drives the verb, the is what drives the verb, the objectobject is what’s at the other end of the is what’s at the other end of the

processprocess

• Guns sometimes kill people.

• Beef stew hits the spot.

• Miracles mystify me.

• Children sometimes suck lollipops.


So -So -• The subject of the sentence usually comes

just before the verb

• And the object (if there is one) comes after the verb

• Nearly all grammatical sentences have a subject and a verb - but not necessarily an object

• Both subject and object are usually some kind of noun

The Grammar Business © 2001 Glenrothes College

Well done!Well done!

That’s the basic vocabulary you need to talk about sentences.

The Grammar Business © 2001 Glenrothes College The Grammar Business Part One 4. Naming of Parts.

Documents

grammar business

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glenrothes college

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naming of parts slide

hated grammar classes

hopeless case slide

brisk brushup slide