The Glossary of Prostho

7/22/2019 The Glossary of Prostho

1/83

THE GLOSSARY OF

PROSTHODONTICTERMS

AAbbe flap \ab#e flap\ [Robert Abbe, New York, N.Y. surgeon, 1851-

1928]: eponymfor a lip switch operation. A triangular, fullthickness

flap from the lower lip used to fill in a deficit in the upper lip.

Specifically applied to the midportion of the upper or lower lip

called alsolip switch operationAbbe, R. A new plastic operation for the relief of deformity due to double

harelip. Med Rec 1898;53:477.

abduct\ab dukt#\vt(1834):to draw away from the median plane

compADDUCTaberrant\a -ber#ant\adj(ca. 1798)1: a deviationfromthe normalor

usual course, form, or location 2: straying from the normal way

ab

frac

tion \ab frak#shun\ n (1991): the pathologic loss of hardtooth substance caused by biomechanical loading forces. Such

loss is thought to be due to flexure and chemical fatigue degrada-

tion of enamel and/or dentin at some location distant from the

actual point of loadingcomp ABLATION, ABRASION,

ATTRITION, and EROSIONablation\a-bla#shun\n(15c)1:separation or detachment; extirpa-

tion; eradication 2: removal of a part, especially by cuttingsee

ABFRACTION, EROSIONabrade\uh-brad#\vt(1677): to rubaway theexternalcoveringor layer

of a partcompATTRITION, EROSIONabrasion\a -bra #shun\n(1656) 1: the wearing away of a substanceor

structure (such as the skin or the teeth) through some unusual or

abnormal mechanical process 2: an abnormal wearing away of

the tooth substance by causes other than masticationcomp

ATTRITION, EROSION1abrasive\uh-bra #siv, -ziv\n(1853): a substance used for abrading,

smoothing, or polishing2abrasive\uh-bra #siv, -ziv\adj(1875) 1: tending to abrade 2: caus-

ing irritationabrasivelyadv,abrasivenessnabrasivity\uh-bra#siv--te, -ziv--te\v(1998): the property of one

material to wear away another material by means of frictional con-

tactabsorbed dose \ab-sorbd#,-zorbd# dos\:the amount of energy from

ionizing radiation absorbed per unit mass of matter, expressed in

Gray unitsabsorptance\ab-sorp#tans, -zorp#tans\n(ca. 1931): the ratio of the

radiant energy absorbed by a body to that incident upon itabsorption\ab-sorp#shun, -zorp#-\n(1741)1: the uptake of sub-

stances into or through tissues, e.g., mucosa, skin, and intestine2:in radiology, the uptake of energy by matter with which the ra-

diation interactssee A. of RADIATIONcompADSORPTIONabsorption of radiation \ab-sorp#shun u v ra#de-a#shun\: collision-

like interactions between the individual particulate or quantum

components of a beam of radiationand thesubatomic parts of mat-

ter that occur at random during irradiation. Each interaction may

result in partial or complete transfer of energyabutment\a-bu t#ment\n(1634)1: that part of a structure that di-

rectlyreceives thrust or pressure; an anchorage 2: a tooth,a portion

of a tooth, or that portion of a dentalimplant that serves to support

and/or retain a prosthesisusage see ANGULATED A.,

HEALING A., DENTAL IMPLANT A., INTERMEDIATE

A., ONE PIECE A., PREPARATION PIECE A., STANDARD

A., TWO PIECE A.

abutment analogn(2005): a replica of the superior portion of a den-

tal implant. Usually used to provide an exact form of the dental im-

plant abutment within the dental laboratory during fabrication of

a prosthesis supported in part or whole by the dental implantabutment clamp\a-bu t#ment klamp\ (1998): any device used for po-

sitioning a dental implant abutment upon the dental implant bodyabutment driver n(2005): any hand instrument usually specifically

made to assist in insertion and securing of a dental implant abut-

ment to the superior portion of a dental implantabutment healing cap n(2005): any temporary cover used to provide

a seal over the superior portion of a dental implant; most such cov-

ers are metallic and are intended for interim usage following expo-

sure of the dental implants superior surfaceabutment postn(2005):that component of a dental implant abut-

ment which extends into the internal structure of a dental implant

and is used to provide retention and/or stability to the dental im-

plant abutmentabutment screwn(1998):that component which secures the dental

implant abutment to the dental implant body. See also

ATTACHMENT SCREWaccelerant\ak-se l#a-rant#\n(1916): a substanceusedto acceleratea

process (as in enhancing the speed of a chemical reaction)accelerator\ak-sel#a-ra#ter\n(1611)1: a substance that speeds a

chemical reaction2: in physiology, a nerve, muscle, or substance

that quickens movement or responseaccretion \a-kre#shun\n(1615) 1: the process of enlargement or

growth by a gradual build-up 2: in periodontics, the accumulation

on teeth or dental implants of foreign material such as plaque, cal-

culus, and materia albaacentric relation:see ECCENTRIC RELATIONachromatic\ak#ra-mat#k\ adj(1766) 1: lacking in hue and sat-

uration, therefore falling into a series of colors that varies only

in lightness or brightness 2: possessing no hue; being or in-

volving black, gray or whiteachromatopsia\a-kro#ma-top#zhe-a\n1: monochromatism 2: a type

of monochromatism in which all colors are perceived as achro-

matic, called alsoachromatism,total color perception deficiencyacid etched bonded splint:see RESIN-BONDED SPLINTacid etched bridge:see RESIN-BONDED PROSTHESISacid etched fixed partial denture: see RESIN-BONDED

PROSTHESIS

ac

quire \a-kwr#\ vt ac

quired; ac

quir

ing (15c) 1: to obtain asones own; to come to have as a new or additional trait, character-

istic or capability2: attained with timeacquired centric: see ECCENTRIC RELATION, MAXIMAL

INTERCUSPAL POSITIONacquired centric occlusal position:see ECCENTRIC RELATION,

MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITIONacquired centric position: see ECCENTRIC RELATION,

MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITIONacquired centric relation: see ECCENTRIC RELATION,

MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITIONacquired eccentric relation \a-kwrd# k-sen#trk r-la#shun\:any ec-

centric relationshippositionof the mandible relative to the maxilla,

whether conditioned or learned by habit, which will bring the teeth

into contact

10 VOLUME 94 NUMBER 1


2/83

acquired occlusal position\a-kwrd#a-kloo#zal pa-zish#an\:the rela-tionship of teeth in maximum intercuspation regardless of jaw po-sitionsee MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITION

acquired occlusion:see MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITIONacrylic resin\a-krl#k rez#n\1: pertaining to polymers of acrylic acid,

methacrylic acid, or acrylonitrile; for example, acrylic fibers oracrylic resins 2: any of a group of thermoplastic resins made by po-lymerizing esters of acrylic or methylmethacrylate acids

acrylic resin base\a-krl#k rez#n bas\:a denture base made of acrylicresin

acrylic resin veneer: usually referringto fixeddental prosthesis, the ve-neering or lamination of the facial and/or buccal surfaces of a

crown or fixed dental prosthesis using acrylic resin. The intentionof such veneeringis to provide a natural tooth color to theviewableportions of the restoration

activated resinobs:see AUTOPOLYMERIZING RESINactivator\ak#t-va#tor\n:a removable orthodontic prosthesis in-

tended to stimulate perioral musclesactivator\ak#t-va# tor\n. (1998) 1: any chemical agent which trig-

gers an initiator chemical to begin a chemical reaction.2: a sub-stance used in small proportions to increase the effectiveness ofan accelerator chemical

acute closed lock\a-ky

o

ot#

kl

ozd lo

k\:a form of temporomandibularjoint dysfunction characterized by limitation in jaw movementcausedby anterior displacementof the intra-articular disc andasso-ciate with pain, limitation of jaw opening to 25 to 30 mm (as mea-sured in the incisor area) and, with jaw opening, a deflection of themandible toward the affected joint

acute pain:pain having a brief and relatively severe courseadaptation\ad#ap-ta#shun\n(1610) 1: theact or process of adapting;

the state of being adapted 2: the act of purposefully adapting twosurfaces to provide intimate contact 3: the progressive adjustivechanges in sensitivity that regularly accompany continuous sensorystimulation or lack of stimulation4:in dentistry, (a)the degree offit between a prosthesis and supporting structures,(b) the degreeof proximity of a restorative material to a tooth preparation, (c)

the adjustment of orthodontic bands to teeth

adaptation syndrome\ad#ap-ta#shun sn#drom#\: a syndrome charac-terized by alterations in response as an accommodation to the en-vironment

adaptive occlusion:see MAXIMAL INTERCUSPAL POSITIONadditive color mixture \ad# -tv ku l#ur mks#chur\: the perceived

color that results when the same area of the retina of the eye is illu-minated by lights of different spectral distribution such as by twocolored lightscompSUBTRACTIVE COLOR SYSTEM

adduct\a-dukt#,-a -\vt(1836):to draw toward the median plane ortoward the axial line compABDUCT

adherence\ad-hr#ens, -enz\n(1531):the act, quality, or action of

adhering; persistent attachmentadhesion \ad-he#zhun\n(1624) 1: the property of remaining in

close proximity, as that resulting from the physical attraction ofmolecules to a substance or molecular attraction existing betweenthe surfaces of bodies in contact 2: the stable joining of parts to

each other,whichmay occur abnormally3: a fibrousband or struc-ture by which parts abnormally adherecomp CAPSULARFIBROSIS, FIBROUS A., INTRACAPSULAR A.,MYOFIBROTIC CAPSULAR CONTRACTURE

1adhesive\ad-he#siv, -ziv\adj(1670):sticky or tenacious2adhesive \ad-he#siv, -ziv\ n(1912) 1: any substance that creates

close adherence to or on adjoining surfaces 2: a luting agentsee

DENTURE A., MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHETIC A.adhesive capsulitis\ad-he#siv,-ziv kap#sul-#tis\:within the temporo-

mandibular joint, any situation in which the disk is in normal posi-tion, joint space volume is decreased, and motion is restricted

adhesive failure\ad-he#siv,-ziv fal#yur\ (1998):bond failure at an in-terface between twomaterials dueto a tensile or shearing forcesee

COHESIVE FAILURE

adhesive resin:any resin material with incorporated adhesive chemi-cals such as organophosphates, HEMA (hydroxyethyl methacry-late), or 4-META (4 methacrylethyl trimellitic anhydride); indentistry, it describes the luting agents used with resin bondedprostheses

adiadochokinesia\ad#e-a do cho k ne#zha\n: inability to performrapid alternating movements such as opening and closing thejaws or lips, raising and lowering the eyebrows, or tapping the fin-

geradipose atrophy\ad#-pos# a t#ra-fe\:reduction of fatty tissueadjustable anterior guidance\a-ju st#a#bulan-tr#e-or gd#ns\: an an-

terior guide on an articulator whose surface may be altered to pro-vide desired guidance of the articulators movement mechanism;the guide may be programmed (calibrated) to accept eccentric in-terocclusal records

adjustable articulator \a-ju st#a#bul ar-tk#ya-la#tor\: an articulatorthat allows some limited adjustment in the sagittal and horizontalplanes to replicate recorded mandibular movementssee

ARTICULATORadjustable axis facebow:see FACE-BOWadjustable occlusal pivot\a-just#abula kloo#sal pv#ot\obs: an occlu-

salpivotthat maybe adjusted vertically by means of a screw or other

device (GPT4)adjust

ment\a-ju st#mant\n(1644) l: the act or process of modifying

physical parts 2: in dentistry, a modification made on a dental pros-thesisor natural tooth to enhance fit,function, or acceptance by thepatientsee OCCLUSAL A.

adsorption \ad-sorp#shun, -zorp#-\n(1882): the adhesion, in anextremely thin layer, of molecules to the surfaces of liquids orsolids with which they are in contactcompABSORPTIONadsorptiveadj

adult speechaid prosthesis\a-du lt# spech adpro s-the#ss\: a definitivemaxillofacial prosthesis which can improve speech in adult cleft pal-ate patients either by obturating (sealing off) a palatal cleft or fis-tula, or occasionally by assisting an incompetent soft palate. Bothmechanisms are necessary to achieve velopharyngeal competency.Editors note: Generally this prosthesis is fabricated when no further

growth is anticipated and the objective is to achieve long term use,hence, more precise materials and techniques are utilized.

Occasionally such procedures are accomplished in conjunction with

precision attachments in fixed dental prostheses undertaken on some

or all maxillary teeth, to achieve improved estheticssynPROSTHETIC SPEECH APPLIANCE, SPEECH AID,SPEECH BULB

afterimage\a f#ter m#j\n(1874):in visual acuity, a prolongationor renewal of a visual sensory experience, ascribable to residual ex-citation after external stimuli have ceased to operate

afterloading technique\a f#ter-lod#ing tek-nek#\: in therapeutic radi-ology, the use of applicators for brachytherapy so designed thatthey may be quickly loaded with radioactive sources after place-ment within the patient

agar\a#gar#, a#gar#\n(1889):a complex sulfated polymer of galac-tose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilariaconfervoides, and related red algae. It is a mucilaginous substancethat melts at approximately 100C and solidifies into a gel at ap-proximately 40C. It is not digested by most bacteria and is usedas a gelation agent in dental impression materials and a solid cul-ture media for microorganisms.

age atrophy\aj a t#ra-fe\: a wasting away; the normal diminution of alltissues due to advanced age

agenesis\a-jen#-ss\n(ca. 1879):absence, failure of formation, orimperfect development of any body partsee CONDYLARAGENESIS

agnathia\ag-na#the-a\n: a developmental anomaly characterized byabsence of the mandible

agnosia\ag-no#zha\n(ca. 1900): diminution or loss of the ability to

recognize the import of sensory stimuli; the varieties correspond

THE JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRYTHE ACADEMY OF PROSTHODONTICS

acquired occlusal position d agnosia

JULY 2005 11


3/83

with the senses and are distinguished as auditory, gustatory, olfac-tory, tactile, and visual

agonist\ag#a-nst\n (ca. 1626) 1: in physiology, a muscle that iscontrolled by the action of an antagonist with which it is paired2: in anatomy, a prime mover 3: in pharmacology, a drug thathas an affinity for and stimulates physiologic activity in cell recep-tors normally stimulated by naturally occurring substances

air abrasion:see AIRBORNE PARTICLE ABRASION

air-bone gap\ar#bon#gap\: in audiology, the differencein patient acu-ity to sound transmitted though air and through bone that reflectshearing loss due to middle ear dysfunction or pathology

airborne-particle abrasion\ar#born#par#t-kal a-bra#zhun\:the pro-cess of altering the surface of a material through the use of abrasiveparticles propelled by compressed air or other gases

air chamber:see RELIEF AREAair conduction\ar kon-duk#shun\:the normal process of conducting

sound waves through the ear canal to the tympanic membraneair dose\ar dos\:in therapeutic radiology, the amount of energy ab-

sorbed per unit mass of tissue at a given site, in airAkers clasp \A#kerz klasp\ [Polk E. Akers, Chicago, III, dentist]:ep-

onymfor a one piece cast partial denture with cast clasps. He is saidto have improved and standardized the one piece casting method

for fabricating gold alloy removable partial dental prostheses in theearly 1920ssee SUPRABULGE CLASPAkers PE Partial dentures. J Amer Dent Assoc 1 928;15:717-22.

ala \a#la\ n, plalae (1738): a wing or a wing-like anatomic part orprocessalaradj

ala nasi\a#la na s#e\n: in anatomy, the cartilaginous processes formingthe wing-like flare of each nares

ala-tragus line\a#lah tra#gu s ln\: a line running from the inferior bor-der of the ala of the nose tosomedefined point onthe tragusof theear, usually considered to be the tip of the tragus. It is frequentlyused, with a third point on the opposing tragus, for the purposeof establishing the ala tragus plane. Ideally the ala-tragus plane isconsidered to be parallel to the occlusal plane. The occlusal planeis at an angle of approximately 10 degrees relative to theFrankfort horizontal plane, when viewed in the mid-sagittal

planesee CAMPERS LINEalginaten(ca. 1909):see IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOIDall-ceramic restoration:see CERAMIC RESTORATIONallodynia\a lo deen#ya\n:pain resulting from a non-noxious stim-

ulus to normal skin or mucosaallogeneic\al a jn#k\adj(1963):in transplantation biology, de-

noting individuals (or tissues) that are of the same species howeverantigenically distinctcalled alsohomologous

allogeneic graft:see HOMOGRAFTallograft\al#a-graft#\n(1964): a graft of tissue between genetically

dissimilarmembers of the same speciescalled also allogeneic graftandhomograft

alloplast\a l#a plast#\n1: an inertforeignbody used for implantationwithin tissue 2: a material originating from a nonliving source that

surgically replaces missing tissue or augments that which remainsalloplastic graft \a l#a-plas#tk gra ft\: a graft consisting of an inert

materialalloplasticmaterial\a l#a-plas#tk ma-tr#e-al\: any non-biologic mate-

rial suitable for implantation as an alloplastalloy\a l#oi#, a-loi#\n(14c): a mixture of twoor more metalsor metal-

loids that are mutually soluble in the molten state; distinguished asbinary, ternary, quaternary, etc., dependingon the numberof met-als within the mixture. Alloying elements are added to alter thehardness, strength, and toughness of a metallic element, thus ob-taining properties not found in a pure metal. Alloys may also beclassified on the basis of their behavior when solidified usage:see BASE METAL, NOBLE METAL

alloying element\a-loi#ng el#a-ment\ (1998): metallic or non-metal-lic elements added to orretained by a pure metal for the purpose of

giving that metal special properties

all-polymer prosthesis: a fixed dental prosthesis fabricated from non-

metallic or ceramic components typically composed of an internal

glass fiber-reinforced composite framework covered by a particu-

late composite resinalpha particle\al#fa par#t-kal\n(1903):a positively charged nuclear

particle identical with the nucleus of a helium atom that consists of

two protons and two neutrons and is ejected at high speed in cer-

tain radioactive transformationsaltered cast\ol#terd kast\: a final cast that is revised in part before pro-

cessing a denture basecalled alsocorrected cast,modified castaltered cast partial denture impression \ol#terd kast par#shal

den#cherm-presh#an\: a negative likeness of a portion or portions

of the edentulous denture bearing area(s) made independent of

and after the initial impression of the natural teeth. This technique

employs an impression tray(s) attached to the removable dental

prosthesis framework or its likenessaluminum oxide\a-loo#mi-num ok#sd#\1: a metallic oxide constitu-

ent of dental porcelain that increases hardness and viscosity2: a

high strength ceramic crystal dispersed throughout a glassy phase

to increase itsstrengthas in aluminousdental porcelain used to fab-

ricate aluminous porcelain crowns3: a finely ground ceramic par-

ticle (frequently 50 um) often used in conjunction with air-borne

particle abrasion of metal castings before the application of porce-lain as with metal ceramic restorations

aluminous porcelain\a-loo#mi-nus por#si-lin, por#-\: a ceramic mate-

rial composed of a glass matrix phase with 35% or more of alumi-

num oxide, by volumealveolar \a l-ve#a-ler\adj(1799): that part of the jaws where the

teeth arisealveolar augmentation \al-ve#a-ler og#men-ta#shun\: any surgical

procedure employed to alter the contour of the residual alveolar

ridgealveolar bone\a l-ve#a-ler bon\:the bony portion of the mandible or

maxillaein which the roots ofthe teeth are heldby fibers ofthe per-

iodontal ligamentcalled alsodental alveolusalveolar crest:see RESIDUAL RIDGE CREST

alveolar mucosa\a

l-v

e#

a-ler my

o

o-k

o#

sa\: the fixed mucosal coveringof the alveolar process, loosely attached to the bonealveolar process \a l-ve#a-ler pro-ses#\: the cancellous and compact

bony structure that surrounds and supports the teethalveolar reconstruction\a l-ve#a-ler re#kon-struk#shun\ : any surgical

procedure employed to recreate a severely resorbed residual alveo-

lar ridgealveolar resorption:see RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTIONalveolar ridge:see RESIDUAL RIDGEalveolectomyn:see OSTEOTOMYalveoloplastyn:see OSTEOTOMYalveolus n, plalveoli(ca. 1706):one of the cavities or sockets

within the alveolar process of the maxillae or mandible in which

the attachment complex held the root of a tooth after the tooths

removal

amal

gamn:1: an alloy of mercury2: dental amalgam is an alloy ofmercury, silver, copper, andtin, which may also contain palladium,

zinc, and other elements to improve handling characteristics and

clinical performanceambient\AM-bee-unt\adj:existing or present on all sides; encom-

passingamorphous \a-mor#fus\: without crystalline structure; having ran-

dom arrangement of atoms in spaceanalgesia\an#al-je ze-a,-zha\n(ca. 1706): absence of sensibility to

pain, designating particularly the relief of pain without loss of con-

sciousness1analgesic\an#al-je#zk, -sk\adj:relieving pain2analgesic\an#al-je#zk,-sk\n: an agentthat alleviatespain without

causing loss of consciousnesssee A. BLOCKING AGENT, A.

DIAGNOSTIC BLOCK

THE JOURNAL OF PROSTHETIC DENTISTRY THE ACADEMY OF PROSTHODONTICS

agnosia d analgesic



4/83

analgesic blocking agent\an#al-je#zk blok#ing a#jent\:any analgesic

that blocks or prohibits sensory perceptionanalgesic diagnostic block\an#al-je#zk d#ag-no s#tk blok\: the selec-

tive use of a local anesthetic injection or application of a topical an-

esthetic to identify a pain sourceanalog\an#a-log, -log\n(1826) 1: in dentistry, something that is

analogousin part or whole to something else; i.e., a replica of a por-

tion of an implant abutment made of brass, aluminum, steel, or

plastic 2: an organ similar in function to an organ of another animal

or plant but with different structure and originspelled also ana-

logue

anamnesis\an#am-ne#ss\n,pl-neses(ca. 1593)1: a recalling to

mind; a reminiscence2: the past history of disease or injury based

on thepatients memoryor recallat thetime of interviewand exam-

ination 3: a preliminary past medical history of a medical or psychi-

atric patientanatomic crown\an#a-tom#k kroun\:the portion of a natural tooth

that extends coronal from the cementoenamel junctioncalled

alsoanatomical crownanatomic landmark \an#a-tom#k land#ma rk\: a recognizable ana-

tomic structure used as a point of referenceanatomic occlusion\an#a-tom#k a-kloo#zhun\:an occlusal arrange-

ment for dental prostheses wherein the posterior artificial teethhave masticatory surfaces that closely resemble those of the natural

healthy dentition andarticulate with similar natural or artificial sur-

facescalled alsoanatomical occlusionanatomic teeth\an#a-tom#k teth\1: artificial teeth that duplicate the

anatomic forms of natural teeth 2: teeth that have prominent cusps

on the masticating surfaces and that are designed to articulate with

the teeth of the opposing natural or prosthetic dentition 3: ana-

tomic teeth with cuspal inclinations greater than 0 degrees that

tend to replica natural tooth anatomyusagecusp teeth (30 to

45 degrees) are considered anatomic teeth. Modified occlusal

forms are those with a 20-degree cusp incline or lesscalled also

anatomical teeth

Boucher CO. J PROSTHET DENT 1953;3:633-56.

anatomy\a-na

t#

a-m

e\n

,pl

-mies(14c) 1: a branch of morphologythat involves the structures of organs 2: the structural makeup

esp. of an organ or any of its parts 3: separating or dividing into

parts for examinationanatomicor anatomicaladjANB angle \A N B ang#gl\: in cephalometric analysis, the angle

formedbetween the nasionpointA line andthe nasionpointB lineanchorage area\ang#ker-j ar#e-a\ : that area which, by its situation,

configuration and/or preparation, is suitable for the retention of

a prosthesisanchorage component: see ENDOSTEAL DENTAL IMPLANT

BODYanchorage element: see ENDOSTEAL DENTAL IMPLANT

ABUTMENT ELEMENT(S)ancillary prostheses:one of the three main categories of dental pros-

theses made by those in the field of prosthodontics; any prosthesis

not able to be described as either a dental prosthesis or a maxillofa-cial prosthesis. Examples may include guides, stents, splints, con-

formers, carriers and the like. Most such prostheses are intended

for short term or special usageAnderson splint [Roger Anderson, American orthopedic surgeon,

1891-1971]: eponym for a skeletal traction splint with pins in-

serted into proximal and distal ends of a fractured bone.

Reduction is obtained by an external plate attached to the

pinscalled alsoBYPHASIC SPLINTAnderson R. Ambulatory method of treating fractures of the shaft of the fe-

mur. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1936;62:865.

Andrews bridge \an#droos brj\: the combination of a fixed dental

prosthesis incorporating a bar with a removable dental prosthesis

that replaces teeth within the bar area, usually used for edentulous

anterior spaces. The vertical walls of the bar may provide retention

for the removable component. First attributed to James Andrews,

DDS, Amite, LAEverhart,RJ and Cavazos, E. Jr.Evaluation of a fixed removable partial den-

ture: Andrews Bridge System. J Prosthet Dent 1983;50(2):180-4

anesthesia\an#s-the#zha\n(ca. 1721): loss of feeling or sensation;

also spelledanaesthesiaanesthesia dolorosa\an#s-the#zhado#la-ro#sa\: pain withinan area or

region that is anesthetic or anesthetized1an

es

thet

ic\an#s-thet#k\adj(1846) 1: capable of producinganes-thesia2: lacking awareness or sensitivity

2anesthetic\an#s-thet#k\n(1848) 1: a substance that produces

anesthesia2:something that brings reliefangle of gingival convergence \ang#gl u v jn#ji-val, -jn-j#- kun-

vur#jens\1: according to Schneider, the angle of gingival conver-

gence is located apical to the height of contour on the abutment

tooth.It canbe identifiedby viewing theangleformed by thetooth

surface gingival to thesurvey line andthe analyzingrod orundercut

gauge in a surveyor as it contacts the heightof contour 2: the angle

formed by any surface of the tooth below the survey line of the

height of contour, with theselectedpath of insertionof a prosthesis3:the angle formed by the tooth surface below the height of con-

tour with the vertical plane, when the occlusal surface of the tooth

is oriented parallel to the horizontal planeSchneider RL. J Prosthet Dent 1987;58:194-6.

angle of incidence \ang#gl u vn#s-dens\:the angle formed between

the axis of a light beam and a perpendicular to the objects surfaceangle of reflection\ang#gl u v r-flek#shun\: the angle formed between

the axis of a reflected light beam anda perpendicular to theobjects

surfaceAngles classification of occlusion \ang#gulz kla s#a-f-ka#shun u v a-

kloo#shun\ [Edward Harley Angle, American orthodontist,

1855-1930]:eponymfor a classification system of occlusion based

on the interdigitation of the first molar teeth originally described

by Angle as four major groups depending on the anteroposterior

jaw relationship. Class IV is no longer in use. Class I (normal occlu-

sion orneutrooclusion): the dental relationship in which there is

normal anteroposterior relationship of the jaws, as indicated by

correct interdigitation of maxillary and mandibular molars, but

with crowding and rotation of teeth elsewhere, i.e., a dental dys-

plasia or arch length deficiency. Class II (distoclusion): the dental

relationship in which the mandibular dental arch is posterior to

the maxillary dental arch in one or both lateral segments; the

mandibular first molar is distal to the maxillary first molar.

Class II can be further subdivided into two divisions. Division

1: bilateral distal retrusion with a narrow maxillary arch and pro-

truding maxillary incisors. Subdivisions include right or left (uni-

laterally distal with other characteristics being the same).

Division 2: bilateral distal with a normal or square-shaped max-

illary arch, retruded maxillary central incisors, labially malposed

maxillary lateral incisors, and an excessive vertical overlap.

Subdivisions include right or left (unilaterally distal with other

characteristics the same). Class III (mesioocclusion): the dental re-lationship in which the mandibular arch is anterior to the max-

illary arch in one or both lateral segments; the mandibular first

molar is mesial to the maxillary first molar. The mandibular in-

cisors are usually in anterior cross bite. Subdivisions include

right or left (unilaterally mesial with other characteristics the

same). Class IV: the dental relationship in which the occlusal re-

lations of the dental arches present the peculiar condition of be-

ing in distal occlusion in one lateral half and in mesial occlusion

in the other (no longer used).Angle EM. Classification of malocclusion. Dental Cosmos 1899;41:248-64,

350-7.

angular cheilitis\ang#gya-ler k-l#ts\:inflammation of the angles of

the mouth causing redness and the production of fissurescalled

alsoperleche


analgesic blocking agent d angular cheilitis

JULY 2005 13


5/83

angulated abutment\ang#gya-lat#d a-bu t#ment\ (1998): any endos-teal dental implant abutment which alters the long axis angulationbetween thedentalimplant andthe angulated dental implant abut-mentsynANGLED ABUTMENT

ankyloglossia\ang#k-lo-glos#e-ah, -glo-sha\n: thebinding of thetip ofthe tongueto the floorof the mouth orthe alveolarridgedueto abnormal attachment of the lingual frenum. This often restrictsmovement of the tongue, often due to the position of the lingual

frenulum, resulting in speech impediments; may be complete orpartialcalled also adherent tongue, lingua frenata, and tongue-tie

ankylosis\ang#ki-lo#ss\n,pl-loses(1713):immobility and consol-idation of a joint or tooth due to injury, disease, or a surgical pro-cedure see BONY A., EXTRACAPSULAR A., FIBROUS A.,INTRACAPSULAR A.; spelled also anchylosis

anneal\a-nel#\vt(1580) 1: to heat a material, such as metal or glass,followed by controlled cooling to remove internal stresses and cre-ate a desired degree of toughness, temper, or softness to a material2: toheata material, such asgoldfoil, to volatilize and drive off im-purities from its surface, thus increasing its cohesive properties.This process is termeddegassing3: to homogenize an amalgam al-loy by heating in an oven

annular\an#ya-ler\n(1571):a term used to describe a ring like an-

atomic structureanodon

tia\an#o-don#she-a\n:a rare dental condition character-

ized by congenital absence of all teeth (both deciduousand perma-

nent)compHYPODONTIA, OLIGODONTIAanodontismn:see ANODONTIAanomalous trichromatic vision \a-nom#a-lus tr#kro-ma t#k

vzh#un\: a form of defective color vision in which three stimuliare required for color matching, but the proportions in whichthey are matched differ significantly from those required by thenormal trichromat. There are three forms of anomalous trichro-matic vision:protanomalous, deuteranomalous,and tritanomalous

anomaly\a-nom#a-le\n,planomalies(1664)1:something dif-ferent, abnormal, peculiar, or not easily classified 2: an aberrationor deviationfrom normal anatomic growth, development, or func-tion3:marked deviation from the normal standard, especially as a

result of congenital defectsANS:AcronymforAnterior Nasal Spine. The outline of the anterior

nasal spine as seen on the lateral cephalometric radiograph. It isused as a cephalometric landmark

antagonist\an-tag#a-nst\n(1599) 1: a tooth in one jaw that ar-ticulates with a tooth in the other jawcalled also dental an-tagonist 2: a substance that tends to nullify the actions ofanother, as a drug that binds to cell receptors without elicitinga biologic response 3: a muscle whose action is the direct op-posite of another muscle

Antes Law[Irwin H: Ante, Toronto, Ontario Canada, dentist]:epo-nym, in fixed dental prosthodontics, for the observation that thecombined pericemental area of all abutment teeth supporting afixed dentalprosthesisshould be equal to or greater in pericementalarea than the tooth or teeth to be replaced; as formulated for re-movable dental prosthodontics, the combined pericemental areaof the abutment teeth plus the mucosa area of the denture baseshould be equal to or greater than the pericemental area of themissing teeth

Ante IH. The fundamental principles, design and construction of crown and

bridge prosthesis. Dent Item Int 1928;50:215-32.

anterior\an-tr#e-or\adj(1541) 1: in front of or the front part; sit-uated in front of2: the forward or ventral position 3: a termused to

denote the incisor or canine teeth or the forward region of themouth

anterior disk displacement:see DISK DISPLACEMENTanterior guidance\an-tr#e-or gd#ns\1: the influence of the contact-

ing surfaces of anterior teeth on tooth limiting mandibular move-ments2: the influence of the contacting surfaces of the guide pin

and anterior guide table on articulator movementsusage see

ANTERIOR GUIDE TABLE 3: the fabrication of a relationshipof the anterior teeth preventing posterior tooth contact in all ec-centric mandibular movementssee ANTERIOR PROTECTEDARTICULA-TION, GROUP FUNCTION, MUTUALLYPROTECTED ARTICULATION

anterior guide:see ANTERIOR GUIDE TABLEanterior guide pin\an-tr#e-or gd pn\: that component of an articu-

lator,generally a rigid rodattached to one member, contacting the

anteriorguidetableon theopposing member. It is used forthe pur-pose of maintaining the established vertical separation. The ante-rior guide pin and table, together with the condylar elements,direct the movements of the articulators separate members

anterior guide table\an-tr#e-or gd ta#bl\:that component of an ar-ticulator on which the anterior guide pin rests to maintain the oc-clusal vertical dimension and influence articulator movements. Theguide table influences the degree of separation of the casts in all re-lationshipssee also ANTERIOR PROGRAMMING DEVICE

anterior nasal spine \an-tr#e-or na#zal spn\: a sharp median bonyprocess, adjacent to the inferior margin of the anterior apertureof the nose, formed by the forward prolongation of the two maxil-lae

anterior open bite (obs): see ANTERIOR OPEN OCCLUSAL

RELATIONSHIPanterior open occlusal relationship\an-tr#e-oro#pen a-kloo#zal r-

la#shen-shp#\:the lack of anterior tooth contact in any occludingposition of the posterior teeth

anterior programming device \an-tr#e-or pro#gramng d-vs#\:anindividually fabricated anterior guide table that allows mandibularmotion without the influence of tooth contacts and facilitates the

recording of maxillomandibular relationships; also used for depro-grammingsee alsodeprogrammer

anterior protected articulation \an-tr#e-or pro-tek#td ar-tk#ya-la#shun\: a form of mutually protected articulation in which thevertical and horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth disengagesthe posterior teeth in all mandibular excursive movementssee

CANINE PROTECTED ARTICULATIONanterior reference point\an-tr#e-or ref#er-ens, ref#rens point\: any

point located on the midface that, together with two posterior ref-erence points, establishes a reference plane

anterior teeth\an-tr#e-orteth\: the maxillary and mandibular incisorsand canines

anterior tooth arrangement\an-tr#e-or tooth a-ranj#ment\:the po-sitioning of the anterior teeth for esthetics and phonetics

anterior tooth form \an-tr#e-or tooth form\: the outline form asviewed in any selected plane or/and other contours of an anteriortooth

anteroposterior curve \an-ter-o-po -str#e-or kurv\: the anatomiccurve established by the occlusal alignment of the teeth, as pro-jected onto the median plane, beginning with the cusp tip of themandibular canineand followingthe buccalcusptips of thepremo-lar and molar teeth, continuing through the anterior border of themandibular ramus, ending with the anterior most portion of themandibular condyle. First described by Ferdinand Graf Spee,German anatomist, in 1890see CURVE OF SPEE

antiflux\an#te-fluks#\n:materials that prevent or confines solder at-tachment or flow

antimetabolite \an#te-ma-tab#a-lt\ n(1945): a substance thatcompetes with, replaces, or antagonizes a particular metabolite

anti-Monson curve:see REVERSE CURVEantineoplastic \an#te-ne#a-plas#tk\ adj (1969) 1: inhibiting or

preventing the development of neoplasms; inhibiting the matura-tion and proliferation of malignant cells 2: an agent having suchproperties

antineoplastic drug\an#te-ne#a-plas#tk drug\: an agent used in treat-ment or palliation of the symptoms of cancer

anti-rotation\an#te-ro-ta#shun\ (1998):a structural feature of some

endosteal dental implant components that prevents relative


angulated abutment d anti-rotation



6/83

rotation of fastened parts. This feature may exist between a dental

implant body and the dental implant abutment, and/or the dental

implant abutment and dental implant abutment element(s)antitragus\an#t-tra#gu s\n,plantitragi: a projection of the car-

tilage of the auricle in front of the cauda helicis, just above the lob-

ule and posterior to the tragus, from which it is separated by the

inter tragal notchapatite\ap#a-tt#\n(1803):calcium phosphate of the composition

Ca5(PO4)3OH; one of the mineral constituents of teeth and bones

(with Ca CO3)apertognathia: a condition in which the anterior or posterior teeth

are not in contact. See OPEN BITE; OPEN OCCLUSAL

RELATIONSHIPaperture\ap#er-chur\n(15c):an opening or open space; a holeapex\a#peks#\n,plapexes or apices (1601) 1: the uppermost point;

the vertex2: in dentistry, the anatomic end of a tooth rootaphagia\a fa#je-a, -ja\n: inability to swallow; abstention from eatingaphasia\a-fa#zha\n(1867): defect or loss of the power of expression

by writing, speechor signs,or of comprehending written or spoken

language due to disease of or injury to the brainaphonia\a-fo#ne-a\n. (1778):loss or absence of voice as a result of

the failure of the vocal cords to vibrate properly

api

cal\ap#-kal, -a#p-\adj(1828): of, relating to or pertaining to thetop or apexapicallyadv

aplastic\a-plas#tk\adj:devoid of form; without developmentaphonia\a-fo#ne-a\n(1778): lossor absence ofvoiceas a resultof the

failure of the vocal cords to vibrate properlyaplasia\a-pla#zha, -zhe-\n:defective development or congenital ab-

sence of an organ or tissueappliance n, slang, obs (1561): see DEVICE, RESTORATION,

PROSTHESISapposition\ap#a-zsh#un\n(15c):the condition of being placed or

fitted together; in juxtaposition or coadaptationapproximation \a-prok#si-ma#shun\ n (15c) 1: the process of

drawing together 2: the quality of being close or near

approximativeadjapraxia\a-prak#se-a\n(1888): the loss of ability to carry outfamiliar,

purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis or other sensory

or motor impairment, especially the inability to make proper useof

an objectapronn, obs:seeLINGUAL PLATEarc of closure \arku v klo#zhur\:the circular or elliptic arc created by

closure of the mandible, most often viewed in the mid-sagittal

plane, using a reference point on the mandible (frequently either

mandibular central incisors mesial incisal edge)arc therapy\arkther#a-pe\: in therapeutic radiology,external beam ra-

diation in which the source of radiation is moved about the patient

on an arc during treatment. Multiple arcs may be used. In some

cases the beam is stationary and the patient is rotated in a vertical

planearch bars\arch barz\:a rigid bar or/and wire used for intermaxillary

fixation in treatment of fractures of the maxillae and mandibleand/or stabilization of injured teeth, generally attached to the re-

maining natural dentition and/or occlusal splintsarch form\arch form\:the geometric shape of the dental arch when

viewed in the horizontal plane (square, tapering, ovoid, etc.)arch length discrepancy\arch lengkth d-skrep#ens-se\: the abnormal

relationship between the size of the mandible and/or maxilla and

their componentteeth, especially as viewed andanalyzed in the oc-

clusal planearchwire\arch-wr\n:an orthodontic wire placed intraorally for the

application of forcearcon\ar#kon\n: a contraction of the words ARTICULATOR and

CONDYLE, used to describe an articulator containing the con-

dylar path elements within its upper member and the condylar ele-

ments within the lower member

arcon articulator\ar#kon ar-tk#ya-la#tor\:an articulator that appliesthe arcon design; this instrument maintains anatomic guidelinesby theuse ofcondylaranalogsin themandibularelement andfossaeassemblies within the maxillary element

arrow point tracer\ar#o point tra#ser\1:a mechanical device used totrace a pattern of mandibular movement in a selected planeusu-ally parallel to the occlusal plane 2: a mechanical device with amarking point attached to one jaw and a graph plate or tracing

plane attached to the other jaw. It is used to record the directionand range of movements of the mandiblesee GOTHIC ARCHTRACER

arrow point tracing:see STYLUS TRACINGarthralgia\ar-thra l#ja, -je-a\n(ca. 1848):pain in a joint or jointsarthritis\ar-thr#tis\n(14c):inflammation of a joint or jointsarthrodialjoint\ar-thro#de aljoint\: a joint that allowsglidingmotion

of the surfacesarthrodial movement\ar-thro#de a l moov#ment\: gliding joint move-

mentarthrography\ar-throp#a-the\n1: roentgenography of a jointafter

injection of an opaque contrast material 2: in dentistry, a diagnostictechnique that entails filling the lower, upper, or both joint spacesof the temporomandibular joint with a contrast agent to enable ra-

diographic evaluation of the joint and surrounding structures; usedto diagnose or confirm disk displacements and perforationsarthropathyn(ca. 1860):a disease of a jointarthroplasty\ar-thro#plas-te\n: the surgical formation or reforma-

tion of a jointarthrosis\ar-thro#ss\n(1634)1: a joint or articulation 2:a disease

of a jointarticular\ar tk#ya-ler\adj(15c):of or relating to a jointarticular capsule\ar tk#ya-ler kap#sel\: the fibrous ligament that enc-

loses a joint andlimits itsmotion. It is lined with thesynovialmem-brane

articular cartilage\ar t k#ya-ler kar#tl-j\:a thin layer of hyaline carti-lage located on the joint surfaces of some bones not found onthe articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joints which is cov-ered with an avascular fibrous tissue

articular disc: a ring of fibrocartilage that separates the articular surfa-ces of a joint

articular temporomandibular joint disk: see DISK1articulate\ar-tk#ya-lat#\vb(1691) 1: to join together as a joint 2:

the relating of contacting surfacesof the teeth or their artificial rep-licas in the maxillae to those in the mandible

2articulate \ar-tk#ya-lat#, -lt\adj(1586):in speech, to enunciateclearly or be clearly spoken

articulating paper \ar-tk#ya-lat#ing pa#per\: ink-coated paper stripsused to locate and mark occlusal contacts

articulation \ar-tk#ya-la#shun\n(15c) 1: the place of union orjunction between two or more bones of the skeletonseeCRANIOMANDIBULAR A., TEMPOROMANDIBULAR A.2: in speech, the enunciation of words and sentencesseeSPEECH A. 3: in dentistry, the static and dynamic contact rela-tionship between the occlusal surfaces of the teeth during func-tionsee ANTERIOR PROTECTED A., BALANCED A.,DENTAL A., FUNCTIONAL A., MONO-PLANE A.,MUTUALLY PROTECTED A.

articulator\ar-tk#ya-la#tor\n:a mechanical instrument that rep-resents the temporomandibular joints and jaws, to which maxillaryand mandibular casts may be attached to simulate some or all man-dibular movementsusage: articulators are divisible into four clas-ses. Class I articulator: a simple holding instrument capable ofaccepting a single static registration; vertical motion is possiblesee NONADJUSTABLE A. Class II articulator: an instrument thatpermits horizontal as well as vertical motion but does not orientthe motion to the temporomandibular joints. Class III articulator:an instrument that simulates condylar pathways by using averages

or mechanical equivalents for all or part of the motion; these instru-


anti-rotation d articulator

JULY 2005 15


7/83

ments allow for orientation of the casts relative to the joints and

may be arcon or nonarcon instrumentssee SEMI-ADJUST-

ABLE A. Class IV articulator: an instrument that will accept three

dimensional dynamic registrations; these instruments allow for or-

ientation of the casts to the temporomandibular joints and simula-

tion of mandibular movementssee FULLY ADJUSTABLE A.,

FULLY ADJUSTABLE GNATHOLOGIC A.artifact\ar#ti-fakt#\n(1821) 1: any characteristic product of human

activity, i.e., anyhand-made object that could representa particular

culture or stage in its technologic development 2:a product of an

artificial character due to extraneous agencyused in medicine to

signify details or conditions that aremisleading or unnaturaldue to

imperfect materials or techniquesartificial crown\ar#ti-fish#al kroun\: a metal, plastic, or ceramic resto-

ration that covers three or more axial surfaces and the occlusal sur-

face or incisal edge of a toothartificial denture:see COMPLETE DENTUREartificial stone:see DENTAL STONEasepsis\a-sep#ss,a-\n(1892) 1: free frominfection2: the prevention

of contact with microorganismsaseptic\a-sep#tk,a-\adj(ca 1859):free of infection or septic mate-

rial; sterile; free from pathogenic microorganismsaseptically

advasymmetrical\a#s-met#r-kal\adj(1690): characterized by or per-

taining to asymmetryasymmetry\a-sm#-tre\n(1690): absence or lack of symmetry or

balance; dissimilarity in corresponding parts or organs on opposite

sides of the bodyasymmetry of movement\a-sm#-tre u v moov#mant\:the condition

observed when mandibular movement has a lateral component

on opening andclosing,especially when viewedin thefrontal planeasymmetry of the mandible\a-sm#-tre u v the man#di-bul\: the con-

dition that exists when the right and left sides of the mandible are

not mirror images of one anotheratrophic fracture\atrof#k frak#cher\: spontaneous fracture due to at-

rophyatrophy\a t#ra-fe\n,pl-phies (1601) 1: a wasting away2: a diminu-

tion in size of a cell, tissue, organ or partatrophic adj

atrophy vbsee ADIPOSE A., AGE A., BONE A., DISUSE

A., MUSCULAR A., POSTMENOPAUSAL A., SENILE A.attached gingival\a-tachd#jn#ja-va, jn#j-\:the portion of the gin-

giva that is firm, dense, stippled, and tightly bound to the underly-

ing periosteum, bone, and toothattachment\a-tach#ment\n(15c)1: a mechanical device for the fixa-

tion, retention, and stabilization of a prosthesis 2: a retainer con-

sisting of a metal receptacle and a closely fitting part; the former

(the female {matrix} component) is usually contained within the

normal or expanded contours of the crown of the abutment tooth

and the latter (the male {patrix} component), is attached to a pon-

tic or the denture frameworkseeFRICTIONAL A., INTERNAL

A., KEY and KEYWAY A., PARALLEL A., PRECISION A.,

RESILIENT A., SLOTTED A.attachment apparatus \a-tach#ment ap#a-ra#tus, -ra t#us\: in perio-

dontics, a general term used to designatethe cementum,periodon-

tal ligament and alveolar boneattachment screw(1998): any component used to secure a fixed den-

tal prosthesis to the dental implant abutment(s). See also

ABUTMENT SCREWattenuation of radiation\a-ten#yoo-a#shun u v ra#de-a#shun\: the re-

duction in intensity of radiationas a resultof scattering andabsorp-

tion of radiation. Attenuation of electron beams always lowers the

average beam energyattrition\a-trsh#un\n(14c) 1: theact of wearing or grindingdownby

friction2: the mechanical wear resulting from mastication or par-

afunction, limited to contacting surfaces of the teethcomp

ABRASION, EROSION

atypical facial pain\a-tp#-kul fa#shul pan\:a painful syndrome char-acterized by dull aching or throbbing, rather than paroxysms ofpain, such as seen in trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, or postherpeticneuralgia, occurring in areas supplied by various nerve groups, in-cluding the fifth and ninth cranial nerves and the second and thirdcervical nerves. The distribution of atypical facial pain does not fol-low the established pathways of innervation of the major sensorynerves, however (i.e., trigeminal neuralgia). Attacks last from a

fewdaysto several monthsand often occur after dentalcare orsinusmanipulation, but examination of the teeth,nose, sinuses, ears,andtemporomandibular joints seldom reveals any abnormalities. A psy-chogenic or vascular etiology has been suggested. This is believed

by some to not be a specific disease entity but rather a symptom,the etiology of which has not beendeterminedcalled alsoatypical

facial neuralgiaandfacial causalgiaaudiogram\o#de-o-gram\n(1927):a record of the thresholds of

hearing of an individual over various sound frequenciesaudiology\o#de-o l-a-je\n(1946):the study of the entire field of

hearing, including the anatomy and function of the ear, impair-ment of hearing, and the education or reeducation of the personwith hearing loss

audiometer\o#de-om#-ter\n(1879): an instrument used to assess

hearing at various intensity levels and frequenciesaudi

tion\o-dsh#un\n(1599):the power or sense of hearing

auditory discrimination \o#d-tor#e, -tor#e- d-skrm#a-na#shun\:

ability to discriminate between sounds of different frequency, in-tensity, and pressure pattern components; ability to distinguishone speech sound from another

augment \og-ment#\ vb (15c): to make greater, more numerous,larger, or more intense

augmentation\og#men-ta#shun\n(14c): to increase insize beyondthe existing size. In alveolar ridge augmentation, bone grafts or al-loplastic materials are used to increase the size of an atrophic alve-olar ridge

auricular defect\o-rk#ya-lar de#fekt#, d-fekt#\: absence or partial ab-sence of the external ear

auricular prosthesis\o-rk#ya-ler pro s-the#ss\: a removable maxillofa-

cial prosthesis that artificially restores part or the entire naturalearcalled alsoartificial ear, ear prosthesis

auriculotemporal syndrome \o-r-ku-lo-tem#pral sn#drom\: sweat-ing and flushing in the preauricular and temporal areas when cer-tain foods are eaten

auscultation\o#skal-ta#shun\n(ca. 1828): the process of determin-ing the condition of various parts of the body by listening to thesounds they emit

autogenous\o-to j#a-nus\adj(1846):originating or derived fromsources within the same individual; self-produced; self-generated;autologous

autogenous graft\o-to j#a-nus gra ft\:a graft taken from the patientsown bodycalled alsoautograft

autoglaze v: the production of a glazed surface by raising the temper-ature of a ceramic to create surface flowcompOVERGLAZE

au

to

graft\o#ta-graft\n(ca.1913): a graft of tissue derived from an-other site in or on thebodyof theorganism receivingitcalled also

autochthonous graft,autologous graft, andautoplastautologous\o-to l#o-gu s\ (ca. 1921)1: related to self; designating

products or components of the same individual organism 2: autog-

enousautonomic nervous system\o#ta-nom#k nur#vus ss#tam\: the partof

the nervous system that enervates the cardiovascular, digestive, re-productive, and respiratory organs. It operates outside of con-sciousness and controls basic life-sustaining functions such as

heart rate, digestion, and breathing. It includes the sympatheticnervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system

autopolymer \o#to-pol#a-mer\ n: a material that polymerizes bychemical reaction without external heat as a result of the addition

of an activator and a catalystau

to

poly

mer

i

za

tionvb


articulator d autopolymer



8/83

auto polymerizing resin\o#to-po l-a-mer-#zingrez#n\: a resin whose

polymerization is initiated by a chemical activatoraverage axis facebow\av#er-j, av#rj ak#ss fas bo\: a device usedto re-

late the maxillary cast to the condylar elements of an articulator us-

ing average anatomic landmarks to estimate the position of the

transverse horizontal axis on the face.average value articulator\a v#rj va l#yoo ar-tk#ya-la#ter\:an articula-

tor that is fabricated to permit motion based on mean mandibular

movementscalled alsoClass III articulatoravulsion\a-vu l#shun\n(1622):a forcible separation or detachment,

as in a tearing away of a body part surgically or accidentallyavulsion fracture\a-vu l#shun frak#cher\:a tearing away or traumatic

separation of a part of a boneaxial contour: the shape of a body that is in its long axisaxial inclination \ak#se-al n#kla na#shun\1: the relationship of the

long axis of a body to a designated plane 2:in dentistry, the align-

ment of the long axis of a tooth to a selected plane, often the hor-

izontal planeaxial loading\ak#se-al lo#dng\: the force directed down the long axis

ofabodyEditorialnoteUsually used to describe theforceof occlusal

contact upon a natural tooth, dental implant or other object, axial

loading is best described as the force down the long axis of the tooth

or whatever body is being described. Loading the axis is an errorin syntax

axial reduction: the amount of tooth removal (alteration, prepara-

tion) along its long axiscomp INCISAL REDUCTION,

OCCLUSAL REDUCTIONaxial surface: the exterior of a body that is oriented in its long axisaxial wall: 1: the sideof a bodythatis inits longaxis 2:in dentistry, the

surface of a tooth preparation that is in its long axisaxis\ak#ss\n,plaxes(14c):a line around which a body may rotate

or about which a structure would turn if it could revolvesee

CONDYLAR A., SAGITTAL A., TRANSVERSE

HORIZONTAL A., VERTICAL A.axis of preparation \ak#ss u v prep#a-ra#shun\: the planned line or

path of placement and removal for a dental restorationaxis orbital plane \ak#ss or#b tal plan\:the horizontal plane estab-

lishedby the transverse horizontal axis of themandiblewith a point

on the inferior borderof the right or left bony orbit (orbitale). This

plane can be used as a horizontal reference pointaxle\ak#sul\n(14c):a rigid shaft or rod that directs rotary motion

Bback pressure porosity\bak presh#er pa-ros#-te\:porosity produced

in dental castings thought to be due to the inability of gases in the

mold to escape during the casting procedurebacking\bak#ng\n(1793): a metal support that attaches a veneer to

a prosthesisbackscatter or backscattering n (1940): see SCATTERED

RADIATIONbalanced articulation\ba lansdar-tk#ya-la#shun\: the bilateral, simul-

taneous, anterior, and posterior occlusal contact of teeth in centricand eccentric positionssee CROSS ARCH B.A., CROSS

TOOTH B.A.balanced bite:see BALANCED ARTICULATIONbalanced occlusal contact: see NONWORKING SIDE OCCLUSAL

CONTACTSbalanced occlusion:see BALANCED ARTICULATIONbalancing condyle:see NONWORKING SIDE CONDYLEbalancing contact:see BALANCING OCCLUSAL CONTACTbalancing interference\ba l#ansngn#ter-fear#ans\: undesirable con-

tact(s) of opposing occlusal surfaces on the nonworking sidebalancing occlusal contact: see NONWORKING SIDE

OCCLUSAL CONTACTSbalancing occlusal surfaces\ba l#ansng a kloo#zal sur#fas es\obs: the

occluding surfaces of dentures on the balancingside (antero poste-

riorly or laterally) that are developed for the purpose of stabilizingdentures (GPT-4)

balancing sideobs:see NONWORKING SIDEbar\bar\n(12c): a straight or curvolinear piece of metal or wood that

is longer than it is wide. It may have several uses including a lever,barrier, fastener, handle, or support. In prosthodontics, it serves toconnect twoor more parts of a removabledental prosthesis or fixeddental prosthesisusagesee B. CONNECTOR

bar clasp\bar kla sp\: a clasp retainer whose body extends from a majorconnector or denture base, passing adjacent to the soft tissues andapproaching the tooth from a gingivo-occlusal direction

bar clasp arm:see BAR CLASPbar connector\bar ka-nek#tor\:a metal component of greater length

than width that serves to connect the parts of a removable partialdentureusage see LABIAL B.C., LINGUAL B.C., PALATALB.C.

bar retainer\bar r -ta#ner\obs:a metal bar usually resting on lingual

surfaces of teeth to aid in their stabilization and to act as indirectretainers (GPT-4)see BAR CONNECTOR

basal\ba#sal, -zal\adj(1828):pertaining to or situated near the basebasal bone\ba#sak bon\:the osseous tissue of the mandible and max-

illae exclusive of the alveolar process

basal seat:see DENTURE FOUNDATION AREAbasal surface:see DENTURE BASE1base\bas\vt(1587): theact of placing a liningmaterial under a dental

restoration2base \bas\ n (14c): any substance placed under a restoration that

blocks out undercuts in the preparation, acts as a thermal or chem-ical barrier to the pulp, and/or controls the thickness of the over-lying restorationcalled also base materialusage: adjectives suchas insulating b., therapeutic b. may also be used

3base\bas\n(19c): the portion of a denture that supports the artificialdentition and replaces the alveolar structures and gingival tis-suessee DENTURE B.

base material\bas ma -tr#e-al\obs:any substance of which a denturebase may be made, such as acrylic resin, vulcanite, polystyrene, ormetal (GPT-4)

base metal\bas met#l\ : anymetallicelement that does notresist tarnishand corrosionsee NOBLE METAL

base metal alloy\bas m et#l al#oi#\:an alloy composed of metals thatare not noble

baseplate \bas#plat\n:a rigid, relatively thin layer of wax, shellac, orthermoplastic (heat, chemical, photo activated) polymer adapted

over edentulous surfaces of a definitive cast to form a base which,together with an attached occlusionrim made of waxor similar ma-terial, serves as the record base see RECORD BASE

baseplate wax\bas#plat waks\:a hard wax used for making occlusionrims, waxing dentures, and other dental procedures

basket endosteal dental implant \bas#kt en#da-stel# den#tl m-plant\: a perforated, cylindric, endosteal dental implant, the im-

plant body of which is designed in the form of single, double,and/or triple contiguous cylinder(s)

bead-brush technique: a method of applying an auto polymerizingresin mix to a surface whereby a brush tip is first dipped in liquid

monomer and then polymer powder forming a small bead that isincrementally applied to form the desired shape

beading\be#dng\:creating an irregular surface by means of stipples,dots, speckles, or the like

beam\bem\n,obs:a term once used instead of bar with specific refer-ence to the bar connectorusage included cantilever beam, con-tinuous beam, simple beam (GPT-4)

bees wax n(1676): a low-melting wax obtained fromhoneycombandused as an ingredient of many dental impression waxes

Beilby layer [Sir George Thomas Beilby, British chemist, 1850-1924]: eponymfor the molecular disorganized surface layer of ahighly polished metal. A relatively scratch-free microcrystalline

surface produced by a series of abrasives of decreasing coarseness.


auto polymerizing resin d Beilby layer

JULY 2005 17


9/83

Beilby GT. Aggregation and flow of solids, 1921.

bench set\bench set\: a stage of resin processing that allows a chemical

reaction to occur under the conditions present in the ambient en-

vironment; also used to describe the continuing polymerization of

impression materials beyond the manufactures stated set timeBennettangle\Ben#et ang#gal\obs: theangleformed between thesag-

ittal plane and the average path of the advancing condyle as viewed

in the horizontal plane during lateral mandibular movements

(GPT-4)Bennetts movement [Sir Norman Godfrey Bennett, British dental

surgeon, 1870-1947]:see LATEROTRUSIONBennett NG.A contributionto thestudyof themovements of themandible.

Proc Roy Soc Med (Lond) 1908;1:79-98 (Odont Section)

Bennetts side shift[Sir Norman Godfrey Bennett, British dental

surgeon, 1870-1947]: see MANDIBULAR LATERAL

TRANSLATIONBennett NG A contribution to thestudyof themovements of themandible.

Proc Roy Soc Med (Lond) 1908;1:79-98 (Odont Section)1bevel\bev#al\n(1611):a slanting edge2bevel\bev#al\vt:the process of slanting the finish line and curve of

a tooth preparationBezold-Brucke effect[Helmholtz, 1867]: theapparentchange in hue

that accompanies a change in luminanceB.I.D.:acronymfor L.Bis In Die, twice a daybifid condyle\b#fd kon#dl#, -dl#\:a condylar anomaly where an ex-

aggerated central depression existsbifurcation\b#fur-ka#shu\n(1615)1:division into two branches

2: the site where a single structure divides into two parts, as in two

roots of a toothbilaminar zone:see RETRODISCAL TISSUEbilateral\b-lat#er-al\adj(1775): having or pertaining to two sidesbilateral balanced articulation: also termed balanced articulation,

the bilateral, simultaneous anterior and posterior occlusal contact

of teeth in centric and excentric positionsbilateral distal extension removable partial denture \b-la t#er-al

ds#tal k-sten#shun r-moo#va-bal par#shal den#chur\: a removable

dental prosthesis replacing the distal most tooth or teeth on each

side of one arch of the mouthsee KENNEDY CLASSIFICA-

TION OF REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURESbimanual manipulation technique: a method for placement of the

mandible using both thumbs on the chin and the fingers on the in-

ferior borderof the mandible to guide the jawinto centric relation.

First described by Peter Dawson, DDS, St. Petersburg, FLDawson PE Temporomandibular joint pain-dysfunction problems can be

solved. J Prosthet Dent 1973;29: 100-12

bimaxillary protrusion \b-mak#sa-ler#e pro-troo#zhen\: a simulta-

neous dental or skeletal protrusion of both the maxillary and man-

dibular jaws and/or teethbimeter \b-me#ter\n(20c): a gnathodynamometer equipped with

a central bearing plate of adjustable heightsee

GNATHODYNAMOMETER

bio

ac

cept

ability \b#o-ak-sep#ta-bl#-te#\ (1998): the quality ofcompatibility in a living environment in spite of adverse or un-

wanted side effectsbiocompatible \b#o-kom-pa t#a-bal\ adj: capable of existing in

harmony with the surrounding biologic environmentbiofeedback\b#o-fed#bak#\n(1971) 1: the process of furnishing an

individual information, usually in an auditory or visual mode, on

the state of one or more physiologic variables such as blood pres-

sure, skin temperature muscle tonus or heart rate; this procedure

often enables an individual to gain some voluntary control over

the variable being sampled 2: the instrumental process or tech-

nique of learning voluntary control over automatically regulated

body functionsbio functional orthopedics: see FUNCTIONAL JAW

ORTHOPEDICS

biointegration\b#o-in#t-gra#shun\n(1998):the benign accep-

tance of a foreign substance by living tissue see OSSEOUS

INTEGRATIONbiologic width\b#a-lo j#-kal\(1998): thecombinedwidth of connec-

tive tissue and junctionalepithelial attachment formed adjacent to a

tooth and superior to the crestal boneGargiulo, AW et al J Periodontology 1961; 32:261-267

Cohen, DW. Lecture at Walter Reed Army Medical Center, June 3, 1962

bioma

te

rial\b#o-ma-tr#e-al\n(1966):any substance other than

a drugthat can beused for any periodof timeas partof a systemthat

treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the

bodybiomechanics \b#o-m-kan#iks\ n, pl but sing or pl in constr

(1933)1: the application of mechanical laws to living structures,

specifically the locomotor systems of the body 2: the study of

biology from the functional viewpoint 3: an application of the

principles of engineering design as implemented in living organ-

ismssee also DENTAL Bbiometryn(1831): thescienceof theapplication of statistical methods to

biologic facts, as the mathematical analysis of biologic data

biopsyn,pl-sies(1895):the removal of tissue for histologic exam-

ination and diagnosisbio

sta

tis

tics\b#o-sta-ts#tks\n,pl but sing in constr(1950): the

science of the application of statistical methods to biologic facts,

as the mathematical analysis of biologic datasee BIOMETRYbiphasic pin fixation\b#o-faz#k pn fk-sa#shun\:the use of external

pin fixation in the treatment of bone fracturesBis-GMA: acronym for BISPHENOL-A GLYCIDYL DIMETHA-

CRYLATEBisphenol-A glycidyl dimethacrylate:a high molecular weight resin

constituent of most dental composite resinsbiscuit bite slang: see MAXILLOMANDIBULAR RELATIONSHIP

RECORDbisque bake\bsk bak\ : a series of stages of maturation in the firing of

ceramic materials relating to the degree of pyro chemical reaction

and sintering shrinkage occurring before vitrification (glazing)

called alsobiscuit bakebite\bt\ vb, obs: theact of incising or crushing between the teethsee

OCCLUSION RECORDbite analysis:see OCCLUSAL ANALYSISbite block:see OCCLUSION RIM, RECORD RIMbite closing:see DECREASED OCCLUSAL VERTICAL DIMEN-

SIONbite guard:see OCCLUSAL DEVICEbite opening:see OCCLUSAL VERTICAL DIMENSIONbite plane:see OCCLUSAL PLANEbite plate:see OCCLUSION RIM, RECORD RIMbite raising:see OCCLUSAL VERTICAL DIMENSIONbite rim:see OCCLUSION RIM, RECORD RIMbiting force:see OCCLUSAL FORCE

biting pressure:see OCCLUSAL FORCEbiting strength:see OCCLUSAL FORCEblack triangle:see INTERDENTAL GINGIVAL VOIDblade endosteal dental implant\blad en-dos-te#al den#tl m-plant\: a

faciolingual narrowed, wedge-shaped dental implant body with

openings or vents through which tissue may growblade implant:see BLADE ENDOSTEAL DENTAL IMPLANTblock out\blok out\adj: 1: elimination of undesirable undercuts on a

cast, 2: the process of applying wax or another similar temporary

substance to undercut portions of a cast so as to leave only those

undercuts essential to the planned construction of a prosthesis. A

blocked out cast may also include other surface modifications

needed relative to the construction of the prosthesisbolus\bo#lus\n(1562): a rounded mass, as a large pill or soft massof

chewed food


Beilby layer d bolus



10/83

blowout fracture\blo#out frak#chur\:collexpression for a fracture of

theorbital floor causedby a suddenincreasein intraorbitalpressure

due to traumatic forceboard-certified prosthodontist \bord-sur#ta-fd pro s#tha-don#tst\:

in the United States, as defined by the American Board of

Prosthodontics, a prosthodontist who has passed the certifying ex-

amination administered by the American Board of Prosthodonticsboard-eligible prosthodontist\bord-el#-ja-bal pro s#tha-don#tst\: in

the United States, as defined by the American Board of

Prosthodontics, a prosthodontist whose application for examina-

tion for certification is current and has been accepted for examina-

tion by the American Board of Prosthodonticsbody porcelain:a porcelainblendusedfor thebulkof a ceramic restor-

ationcompINCISAL PORCELAIN, GINGIVAL PORCELAINboil out:see WAX ELIMINATIONBoleygauge: a caliper-type sliding gauge used for measuringthickness

and linear dimensionbond\bond\n(12c) 1: the linkage between two atoms or radicals of a

chemical compound2: the force that holds two or more units of

matter togethersee SECONDARY BONDS,

VANDERWALLS BONDbond strength\bondstrengkth, strength\: the force required to break

a bonded assembly with failure occurring in or near the adhesive/adherens interface

bonded bridge:see RESIN-BONDED PROSTHESISbonding\bon#dng\n(1976) 1:joining together securely with an ad-

hesive substance such as cement or glue2: the procedure of using

an adhesive, cementing material or fusible ingredient to combine,

unite, or strengthen3: an adhesive technique in dentistry involving

conditioning of enamel and/or dentin so as to create tags in the

tooth structure for mechanical retention of restorative materialbonding agent\bon#dnga#jent\:a material used to promote adhe-

sion or cohesion between two different substances, or between a

material and natural tooth structuresbone \bon\n(bef. 12c): the hard portion of the connective tissue

which constitutes the majority of the skeleton; it consists of an

inorganic or mineral component and an organic component

(the matrix and cells); the matrix is composed of collagenous fi-

bers and is impregnated with minerals, chiefly calcium phosphate

(approx. 85%) and calcium carbonate (approx. 10%), thus im-

parting the quality of rigiditycalled also osseous tissuesee

ALVEOLAR B. BASAL B. CANCELLOUS B. COMPACT

B., CORTICAL B.bone atrophy\bon a-tro#fe\: bone resorption noted internally by a de-

crease in density and externally by a reduction in formbone augmentation:see AUGMENTATIONbone conduction \bon kun-duk#shun\: the conduction of sound to

the inner ear through the bones of the skullcalled also cranial

conduction, osteotympanic conductionand tissue conductionbone curettage\bonkyoor#-tazh\: the surgical shaving or smoothing

of the bones external surface

bone expansion\bon ik-span#shun\: manipulation of a bony ridge byplacement of an osteotome to split the cortical ridge and hence en-

hance bone widthbone factor\bon fak#tor\: relative response of alveolar bone to stimu-

lation or irritation; the ratio of osteogenesis to osteolysisbone marrow\bon mar#o\:the soft vascular tissue that fills bone cav-

ities andcancellous bone spaceswhichconsistsprimarily of fatcells,

hematopoietic cells, and osteogenetic reticular cellsBonwill triangle \Bon#wl tr#ang#gl\ [William Gibson Arlington

Bonwill, American dentist, 1833-1899]: eponymfor a 4 inch equi-

lateral triangle bounded by lines connecting the contact points of

the mandibular central incisors incisal edge (or the mid-line of

the mandibular residual ridge) to each condyle (usually its mid

point) and from one condyle to the other, first described by

Bonwill in 1858 while introducing his Anatomical Articulator

Bonwill WGA. Scientificarticulation of thehumanteethas founded on geo-

metrical,mathematical and mechanicallaws. Dental Items Int 1899;21:617-

56, 873-80.

bony ankylosis\bo#ne ang#ka-lo#ss\:the bony union of the compo-

nents of a joint resulting in complete immobilityborder\bor#der\n(14c): the circumferentialmargin, edge or surface;

a bounding line, edge, or surfacesee DENTURE BORDERborder molding\bor#der mol#ding\1: theshaping of theborder areas

of an impression material by functional or manual manipulation ofthe soft tissue adjacent to the borders to duplicate the contour and

size of the vestibule 2: determining the extensionof a prosthesis by

using tissue function or manual manipulation of the tissues to shape

the border areas of an impression materialborder movement\bor#der moov#ment\: mandibular movement at

the limits dictated by anatomic structures, as viewed in a given

planeborder position:see POSTERIOR B. P.border seal\bor#der sel\:the contact of the denture border with the

underlying or adjacent tissues to prevent the passage of air or other

substancesborder tissue movements: theactionof themuscles andothertissues

adjacent to the borders of a denture

boxing an impression\bok#sing an m-presh#an\: the enclosure (box)of an impression to produce the desired size andform of the base of

the cast and to preserve desired detailsboxing wax\bok#sing waks\:wax used for boxing an impressionbracing\bra#sng\adj: the resistance to horizontal components of

masticatory forcebracket\brak#t\n:an orthodontic device attached to an individual

tooth to hold arch wiresbrazing investment\bra#zingn-vest#ment\ : an investment having a

binding system consisting of acidicphosphate suchas monoammo-

nium phosphate and a basic oxide such as magnesium oxidebrazing material\bra#zing ma-tr#e-al\:an alloy suitable for use as a

filler material in operations with which dental alloy(s) is/are joined

to form a dental restorationbraze\braz\vt(1677):to join with a nonferrous alloy that melts at a

lower temperature than that of the metals being joinedbreakdown potential\brak#doun# pa-ten#shul\: the last noble poten-

tia where pitting and/or crevice corrosion will initiate and propa-

gatebridgen,slang:see FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESISbridge workslang:see FIXED DENTAL PROSTHESISbrittle\brt#l\1: easily broken or shattered; fragile or crisp, 2: proneto

fracture or failure; the fracture that occurs when the proportional

limit of a material is exceededbruxism\bruk-sz#em\n(ca. 1940) 1: the parafunctional grinding of

teeth2: an oral habit consisting of involuntary rhythmic or spas-

modic nonfunctional gnashing, grinding, or clenching of teeth,

in other than chewing movements of the mandible, which may

lead to occlusal traumacalled also toothgrinding, occlusal neurosis

brux

o

ma

nia \bruks-o-ma#ne-a, -man#ya\vb, obs: the grinding ofteeth occurring as a neurotic habit during the waking state

(GPT-4)buccal\buk#al\adj(ca. 1771): pertaining to or adjacent to the cheekbuccal flange\buk#al flanj\: the portion of the flange of a denture that

occupies the buccal vestibule of the mouthbuccal vestibule \buk#al ves#ti-byool\: the portion of the oral cavity

that is bounded on oneside by theteeth,gingiva, andalveolarridge

(inthe edentulous mouth,the residual ridge)and on thelateral side

by the cheek posterior to the buccal frenulabuccolingual relationship\buk#o-lng#gwal r-la#shun-shp\: any po-

sition of reference relative to the tongue and cheeksbuccoversion\buk#ko-vur#shun\n:a deviation toward the cheekbulb \bu lb\n, slang, chiefly dialectic: see OBTURATOR, SPEECH

AID PROSTHESIS


blowout fracture d bulb

JULY 2005 19


11/83

BULL: acronymfor Buccalofthe Upper, Lingualof the Lower(cusps);

applies to Clyde H. Schuylers rules for occlusal adjustment of a

normally related dentition in which those cusps contacting in max-

imum intercuspation (mandibular buccal and maxillary lingual) are

favored by adjustment of those cusps that are not in occlusal con-

tact in maximum intercuspation (maxillary buccal and mandibular

lingual)called also the BULL RULEbur\bur\n(14c): a steel or tungsten carbide rotarycutting instrumentbur head\bur hed\n(2005):the cutting portion of a dental burburhead length\bur hed lengkth,l ength\ (2005): the axial dimension

of the bur headburhead shape\bur hed shap\ (2005): the geometrical outline formof

the cutting surface edges, usually described successively by proxim-

ity from the shank to the tip endbur shank\bur shangk\n(2005): that component of a dental bur

which fits into the hand piece; the shaft section of the dental bur

that may be friction gripping or latch-type in formburnish \bur#nsh\vt(14c): to make shiny or lustrous by rubbing;

also to facilitate marginal adaptation of restorations by rubbing

the margin with an instrumentburnishibility\bur#nsh-a-bl#-te\n: the ease with which a mate-

rial can be burnished

burn out\burn out\adj:see WAX ELIMINATIONbutt\bu t\v(14c):to bring any two flat-ended surfaces into contact

without overlapping, as in a butt jointbutt margin:see SHOULDER FINISH LINEbutton implantobs:see MUCOSAL IMPLANT

CCa:acronymfor CArcinomaor CAncerCAD-CAM: acronym for Computer Aided Design-Computer Aided

Manufacturer(orComputer Assisted Machining)calcium hydroxide\ka l#se-umh-drok#sd\: an odorless white powder

that is very slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Aqueous and non-aqueous suspensions of calcium hydroxide are

often employed as cavity liners to protect the dental pulp from

the irritant action of restorative materials; also used in pulpcapping, pulpotomy and apexification procedurescalcium sulfate \ka l#se-um su l#fat#\: a product obtained by

calcination of gypsum under steam pressure. The alpha form is

composed of regularly shaped grains, with low porosity, and

requiring little water for a satisfactory mix. Forms include

alpha, alpha-modified and beta.calcium sulfate plaster \ka#se-um su l#fat# plas#ter\:compounds oc-

curring in anhydrous form as anhydrite and in the natural form as

gypsum or gypsum dehydrate. The term plaster also applies to

a mixture consisting of water and calcium sulfate hemihydrate

(CaSo4. H2O)calculus n: in dentistry, a chalky or dark deposit attached to tooth

structure, essentially made of mineralized microbial plaque.

Found on tooth structure in a supragingival and/or a subgingival

locationcameo surface\kam#e-o sur#fas\obs: the viewable portion of a remov-

able denture prosthesis; the portion of the surface of a denture that

extends in an occlusal directionfrom the borderof the denture and

includes the facial, lingual, and palatal surface. It is the part of the

denture base that is usually polished, and includes the buccal and

lingual surfaces of the teeth (GPT-7)see POLISHED

DENTURE SURFACECampers line:see ALA-TRAGUS LINECampers plane\kam#perz plan\l: a plane established by the inferior

border of the ala of the nose (or the average between the two) and

the superior borderof the tragusof each ear 2: a plane passing from

the acanthion to the center of each bony external auditory meatus;

called also acanthion-external auditory meatus planesee also

ALA-TRAGUS LINE

camphoroquinone n:a visible-light-sensitive chemical responsible

for initiating free-radical polymerizationcancellous bone\kan-se l#us, kan#se-lus bon\ (1836):the reticular,

spongy or lattice-like portion of the bone; the spongy bone tissue

located in the medulla of the bone; this bone is composed of a var-

iable trabecular network containing interstitial tissue that may be

hematopoieticcandle\kan#dl\n(12c): a unit of luminous intensity,equalto 1/60 of

the luminous intensity of a square centimeter of a black body

heated to the temperature of the solidification of platinum

(1773C)candle power\kan#dlpou#er\: luminous intensity expressedin candlescanine eminence \ka#nn# em#i-nans\: the labial prominence on the

maxillary alveolar process corresponding to the position of the

root of the canine toothcanine guidance:see CANINE PROTECTED ARTICULATIONcanine protected articulation\ka#nn pra-tek#tid ar-tk#ya-la#shun\: a

form of mutually protected articulation in which the vertical and

horizontal overlap of thecanine teeth disengagethe posteriorteeth

in the excursive movements of the mandiblecomp ANTERIOR

PROTECTED ARTICULATIONcanine protection:see CANINE PROTECTED ARTICULATION

can

ti

lever \kan#tl-e#ver\ n(1667): a projecting beam or membersupported on one end

cantilever bridge: slang, see CANTILEVER FIXED DENTAL

PROSTHESIScantilever fixed dental prosthesis \kan#tl-e#ver fkst den#tl pro s-

the#sis \:a fixed dental prosthesis in which the pontic is cantilev-

ered, i.e., is retained and supported only on one end by one or

more abutmentscap splint\kap splnt\: a plastic or metallic deviceused in thetreatment

of maxillaryor mandibular fracturesand designed to cover theclin-

ical crowns of the teeth and usually luted to themcapillary attraction \kap#a-ler#e a-trak#shun\: that quality or state

which, because of surface tension, causes elevation or depression

of the surface of a liquid that is in contact with the solid walls of

a vesselcapsu

lar\kap#su-ler\adj(ca. 1730):pertaining to a capsule

capsular contracture:see CAPSULAR FIBROSIScapsular fibrosis \kap#su-ler f-bro#ss\: fibrotic contracture of the

capsular ligament of the temporomandibular jointcapsular ligament\kap#su-ler lg#a-ment\:as it relates to the tempo-

romandibular joint, a fibrous structure that separately encapsulates

the superior and inferior synovial cavities of the temporomandibu-

lar articulationcapsule\kap#sal,-sool\n(1693): a fibrous sac or ligament that enclo-

ses a joint and limits its motion. It is lined with synovial membranecapsulitis\kap#sa-l#ts\n: theinflammationof a capsule, as that of the

joint, lens, liver, or labyrinthcarat\kar#at\n(15c):a standard of gold fineness. The percentage of

gold in an alloy, stated in parts per 24. Pure gold is designated 24

caratcarbide bur: a rotary cutting instrument made from tungsten carbidecarbon fiber: filaments made by high temperature carbonizing of

acrylic fiber. Used in the production of high strength com-

positesCartesian coordinates: [Rene Descartes, French philosopher and

mathematician, 1596-1650]: eponym, one of two coordinates

relative to intersecting axes that locate a point on a plane or

one of three coordinates that locate a point in spacecariesn singular: a dental disease causing the destruction of enamel,

dentin and/or cementum. The etiology is generally ascribed to

acid-producing bacteriacartilage\kar#tl-j\n(15c):a derivative of connective tissue arising

from the mesenchyme. Typical hyaline cartilage is a flexible, rather

elastic material with a semitransparent glasslike appearance. Its


BULL d cartilage



12/83

ground substance is a complex protein through which there is dis-tributed a large network of connective tissue fibers

case \kas\n, substand, chiefly dialect(13c): 1:the dental patient 2: aparticular instance of a disease, as a case of diphtheria; sometimesused incorrectly to designate the patient with the disease process

case seriessubstand:a collection of common diagnostic findings or/treatment modalities within a group of patients, best termed a

patient series

case studysubstand: presentation of the diagnostic findings and treat-ment for a patient, usually termed a patient study

case historysubstand:the collected data about an individual, family,environmental factors (including medical/dental history) and anyother information that may be useful in analyzing and diagnosingconditions or for instructional purposes; best termed the patienthistory

1cast\kast\vb(13c): to produce a shape by thrustinga moltenliquid orplastic material into a mold possessing the desired shape

2cast \ka st\ n(14c): a life-size likeness of some desired form. It isformed within or is a material poured into a matrix or impressionof the desired formsee DENTAL C., DIAGNOSTIC C.,FINAL C., PRELIMINARY C., REFRACTORY C.,REMOUNT C.

cast clasp: a removable dental prosthesis clasp fabricated by thelost-wax casting processcast connector: a cast metal union between the retainer(s) and

pontic(s) in a fixed dental prosthesiscast metal core: the foundation restoration made for a fixed dental

prosthesis formed indirectly by lost-wax castingcast post-and-core: a one-piece foundation restoration for an

endodontically treated tooth that comprises a post within theroot canal and a core replacing missing coronal structure to formthe tooth preparation

cast relator\kast r-la#tor\:a mechanical device that orients opposingcasts to each other without reference to anatomic landmarksseeARTICULATOR

castable\ka st#a-bl\n(1998):any refractory material that has a bond-ingagentaddedand canbe mixed with water or other liquidagents

and poured in a mold to setcastable ceramic\kast#a-bl se-ram#ik\: for dental applications, a glass-

ceramic material that combines the properties of a restorative ma-terial for function with the capability to be cast using the lost waxprocess

1casting \kas#tng\n(14c):something that has been cast in a mold;an object formed by the solidification of a fluid that has beenpoured or injected into a mold

2casting\ka s#tng\vt: the act of forming an object in a moldseeVACUUM C.

casting flask\kas#tng flask\:see CASTING RINGcasting ring\kas#tng rng\: a metal tube in which a refractory mold is

made for casting dental restorationscasting wax\kas#tng waks\:a composition containing various waxes

with desired properties for making wax patterns to be formed

into metal castingscatalyst\ka t#l-st\n(1902):a substance that accelerates a chemical

reaction without affecting the properties of the materials involvedcathode\ka th#od\n(1834):the negative pole in electrolysisCAT:acronymforComputerized Axial Tomographycautery\ko#te-re\n,pl-teries (15c): the application of a caustic sub-

stance, hot instrument, electric current, or other agent used toburn, scar, or destroy tissue

cavity varnish \ka v#-te\ : a combination of copal resin or othersynthetic resins dissolved in an organic solvent such as chloroformor ether

CD:acronymforComplete DentureCDA:acronymfor Certified Dental AssistantCDL:acronymforCertified Dental Laboratory

CDT:acronymforCertified Dental Technician

cellulitis\sel#ya-l#ts\n(1861): diffuse and especially subcutaneousinflammation of connective tissue

1cement \s-ment\n(14c) 1: a binding element or agent used as asubstance to make objects adhere to each other, or somethingserving to firm

The Glossary of Prostho

Documents