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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY................................................................... 29 1.1 Applications..................................................................................................................................... 31 1.1.1 Main opportunities in nanocellulose................................................................................... 36 1.2 Production worldwide..................................................................................................................... 39 1.2.1 Production plants and production status........................................................................... 40 1.3 Market drivers................................................................................................................................. 41 1.3.1 Demand for sustainable materials...................................................................................... 41 1.3.2 Enahnaced products for paper and board industries...................................................... 41 1.3.3 Unique properties lead to new products............................................................................ 42 1.3.4 Recent improvements in production and product integration........................................ 43 1.4 Market and technical challenges.................................................................................................. 43 1.4.1 Characterization.................................................................................................................... 43 1.4.2 Production.............................................................................................................................. 44 1.4.3 Functionalization.................................................................................................................... 44 1.4.4 Moisture absorption and aggregation................................................................................ 44 1.4.5 Scalability................................................................................................................................ 45 1.4.6 Lack of current products....................................................................................................... 45 1.5 Global Nanocellulose market size............................................................................................... 46 1.5.1 The market for nanocellulose in 2017................................................................................ 46 1.5.2 Nanocellulose global revenues and demand in tons, 2015–2027................................ 48 1.5.3 Nanocellulose market by region......................................................................................... 52 1.5.3.1 Nanocellulose market in Japan................................................................................. 53 1.5.3.2 Nanocellulose market in the rest of Asia................................................................. 53 1.5.3.3 Nanocellulose market in North America................................................................... 55 1.5.3.4 Nanocellulose market in Europe............................................................................... 57 2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY......................................................... 58 2.1 MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS........................................................................................ 60 2.1.1 Stage of commercialization.................................................................................................. 60 2.1.2 Economic impact by 2027.................................................................................................... 61 2.1.3 Current market size for equivalent applications............................................................... 61 2.1.4 Ease of commercialization................................................................................................... 61 2.1.5 Competitive landscape......................................................................................................... 61 2.1.6 Cost......................................................................................................................................... 62 2.1.7 Competition from other materials....................................................................................... 62 2.1.8 Regulatory/Government policy push.................................................................................. 62 2.1.9 Market pull.............................................................................................................................. 62 2.2 MARKET CHALLENGES RATING SYSTEM............................................................................ 62 3 NANOCELLULOSE........................................................................... 65 3.1 Properties of nanomaterials.......................................................................................................... 66
11.3.2.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................ 150 11.3.2.2 Applications................................................................................................................ 152 11.3.2.3 Global market size and opportunity........................................................................ 153 11.3.2.4 Market challenges..................................................................................................... 156 11.3.3 Automotive....................................................................................................................... 157 11.3.3.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................ 157 11.3.3.2 Applications................................................................................................................ 161 11.3.3.3 Global market size and opportunity........................................................................ 162 11.3.3.4 Market challenges..................................................................................................... 165 11.3.3.5 Product developer profiles....................................................................................... 166 11.3.4 Construction & building................................................................................................. 167 11.3.4.1 Market drivers and trends........................................................................................ 168 11.3.4.2 Applications................................................................................................................ 169 11.3.4.3 Global market size and opportunity........................................................................ 170 11.3.4.4 Market challenges..................................................................................................... 172 11.3.4.5 Product developer profiles....................................................................................... 172 12 PAPER & BOARD........................................................................... 177 12.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 177 12.1.1 Environmental................................................................................................................. 177 12.1.2 Need to develop innovative new products in the paper and board industry......... 177 12.2 Applications.............................................................................................................................. 177 12.2.1.1 Paper packaging........................................................................................................ 179 12.2.1.2 Paper coatings........................................................................................................... 179 12.2.1.3 Anti-microbials............................................................................................................ 179 12.3 Global market size and opportunity...................................................................................... 180 12.3.1 Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board................. 181 12.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................... 183 12.5 Product developer profiles....................................................................................... 184 13 TEXTILES........................................................................................ 186 13.1 Market drivers for nanocellulose........................................................................................... 186 13.1.1.1 Growth in the wearable electronics market........................................................... 186 13.1.1.2 Growth in the market for anti-microbial textiles.................................................... 187 13.1.1.3 Need to improve the properties of cloth or fabric materials................................ 187 13.1.1.4 Environmental and regulatory................................................................................. 188 13.1.1.5 Need for biodegradable sanitary products............................................................ 188 13.2 Applications.............................................................................................................................. 189 13.3 Global market size and opportunity...................................................................................... 190 13.3.1 Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in textiles.................................. 190 13.4 Market challenges................................................................................................................... 193 13.5 Product developer profiles..................................................................................................... 194 14 MEDICAL & HEALTHCARE........................................................... 194 14.1 Market drivers and trends...................................................................................................... 195 14.1.1 Improved drug delivery for cancer therapy................................................................ 195
Table 25: SWOT analysis of nanocellulose............................................................................................. 99 Table 26: Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose.............................................................................. 102 Table 27: Potential high volume impact of nanocellulose and likelihood of market impact........... 109 Table 28: Production capacities of CNF producers per annum in tons, current and planned....... 113 Table 29: Production capacities of CNC producers per annum in tons, current and planned...... 115 Table 30: Markets and applications for nanocellulose......................................................................... 116 Table 31: Product/price/application matrix of nanocellulose producers............................................ 119 Table 32: Published patent publications for nanocellulose, 1997-2013............................................ 122 Table 33: Nanocellulose patents as of May 2015................................................................................. 122 Table 34: Research publications on nanocellulose materials and composites, 1996-2013.......... 122 Table 35: Nanocellulose patents by organisation................................................................................. 124 Table 36: Nanocellulose patents by organisation, 2014...................................................................... 125 Table 37: Main patent assignees for NCC, as of May 2015............................................................... 126 Table 38: Main patent assignees for NFC, as of May 2015................................................................ 126 Table 39: Main patent assignees for BCC, as of May 2015................................................................ 126 Table 40: Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials............................. 131 Table 41: Equivalent cost of nanocellulose and competitive materials in polymer composites.... 133 Table 42: Applications of nanocellulose in polymer composites by cellulose type......................... 133 Table 43: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the polymer composites market......................... 133 Table 44: Market assessment for nanocellulose in polymer composites......................................... 134 Table 45: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in polymer composites..................... 134 Table 46: Limitations of nanocellulose in the development of polymer nanocomposites.............. 135 Table 47: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in polymer composites................................................................................................................ 136 Table 48: Examples of antimicrobial immobilization into cellulose nanofibers................................ 143 Table 49: Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum based materials and other polymers............................................................ 145 Table 50: Market assessment for nanocellulose in biopackaging..................................................... 146 Table 51: Application markets, competing materials, NFC advantages and current market size in packaging............................................................................................................................................. 146 Table 52: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in biopackaging................................. 148 Table 53: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the biopackaging market........................ 150 Table 54: Companies developing nanocellulose products in bio packaging, applications targeted and stage of commercialization........................................................................................................ 150 Table 55: Applications in aerospace composites, by nanomaterials type and benefits thereof.... 153 Table 56: Nanomaterials in the aerospace market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................................................................................................... 155 Table 57: Market size for nanocellulose in aerospace and aviation.................................................. 156 Table 58: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the aerospace market................................................................................................................................................................. 158 Table 59: Applications of natural fiber composites in vehicles by manufacturers........................... 160 Table 60: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in the automotive sector............................................................................................................. 163 Table 61: Market assessment for nanocellulose in the automotive sector....................................... 164 Table 62: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the automotive industry............... 165
Table 63: Market size for nanocellulose in the automotive industry.................................................. 165 Table 64: Applications and commercilization challenges in the automotive market....................... 166 Table 65: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the automotive market............................. 167 Table 66: Companies developing Nanocellulose products in the automotive industry, applications targeted and stage of commercialization......................................................................................... 167 Table 67: Comparison of nanocellulose with steel and other materials............................................ 170 Table 68: Market size for nanocellulose in construction and civil engineering................................ 171 Table 69: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the construction, building protection and exterior coatings market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.. 171 Table 70: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the construction, building protection and architectural exterior coatings market..................................................... 173 Table 71: Nanocellulose in polymer composites-Companies and products..................................... 174 Table 72: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the paper and board markets............................. 178 Table 73: Global packaging market, billions US$................................................................................. 181 Table 74: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board........................... 182 Table 75: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the paper and board market................... 185 Table 76: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board, applications targeted and stage of commercialization........................................................................................................ 185 Table 77: Desirable functional properties for the textiles industry afforded by the use of nanomaterials....................................................................................................................................... 190 Table 78: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in textiles............................................ 191 Table 79: Potential volume estimates (tons) and penetration of nanocellulose into textiles......... 192 Table 80: Market assessment for nanocellulose in textiles................................................................. 193 Table 81: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the textiles and apparel market............. 194 Table 82: Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles, applications targeted and stage of commercialization........................................................................................................................... 195 Table 83: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the medical and healthcare markets................. 198 Table 84: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the drug formulation and delivery market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact.................. 201 Table 85: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in medical implants and devices market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................... 202 Table 86: Nanotechnology and nanomaterials opportunity in the wound care market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact....................................................... 203 Table 87: Nanocellulose product developers in medical and healthcare applications................... 204 Table 88: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the coatings and paints markets........................ 209 Table 89: Market assessment for nanocellulose in coatings and films............................................. 212 Table 90: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in coatings and films................................................................................................................... 213 Table 91: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in coatings and films........................ 214 Table 92: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the coatings and films market................ 217 Table 93: Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper coatings and non-packaging coating products, applications targeted and stage of commercialization................................... 218 Table 94: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the aerogels market............................................. 221 Table 95: Nanocellulose product developers in aerogels.................................................................... 222 Table 96: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the oil market......................................................... 226 Table 97: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in oil and gas................................................................................................................................ 229 Table 98: Market assessment for nanocellulose in oil and gas.......................................................... 229
Table 99: Nanocellulose in the oil and gas market-applications, stage of commercialization and estimated economic impact............................................................................................................... 230 Table 100: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the oil and gas exploration market...... 232 Table 101: Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration......................................... 232 Table 102: Types of filtration.................................................................................................................... 234 Table 103: CNF membranes.................................................................................................................... 235 Table 104: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the filtration market............................................. 238 Table 105: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in filtration..................................................................................................................................... 242 Table 106: Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration............................................................. 243 Table 107: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in the filtration industry.................. 243 Table 108: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the filtration market................................ 245 Table 109: Companies developing NFC products in filtration, applications targeted and stage of commercialization................................................................................................................................ 246 Table 110: Nanocellulose applications timeline in the rheology modifiers market.......................... 247 Table 111: Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers................................................ 249 Table 112: Properties of flexible electronics‐cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper)......................... 252 Table 113: Nanocellulose applications timeline in flexible electronics.............................................. 253 Table 114: Properties of flexible electronics cellulose nanofiber films.............................................. 256 Table 115: Global market for wearables, 2014-2021, units and US$............................................... 259 Table 116: Application markets, competing materials, Nanocellulose advantages and current market size in electronics................................................................................................................... 261 Table 117: Market assessment for nanocellulose in the flexible and printed electronics sector.. 262 Table 118: Market opportunity assessment for Nanocellulose in flexible electronics..................... 263 Table 119: Market challenges rating for nanocellulose in the printed and flexible electronics market................................................................................................................................................................. 264 Table 120: Companies developing Nanocellulose products in paper electronics, applications targeted and stage of commercialization......................................................................................... 265 Table 121: Application markets, competing materials, nanocellulose advantages and current market size in 3D printing................................................................................................................................ 267 Table 122: Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing........................................................ 267 Table 123: Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose in 3D printing................................... 268 Table 124: Market challenges rating for nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the 3D printing market.................................................................................................................................................... 269 Table 125: Companies developing nanocellulose 3D printing products,.......................................... 269 Table 126: Nanocellulose producers and types of nanocellulose produced.................................... 270 Table 127: Target market, by nanocellulose producer........................................................................ 271 FIGURES Figure 1: Scale of cellulose materials....................................................................................................... 31 Figure 2: CNF wet powder.......................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 3: Cellulose nanofiber transparent sheet..................................................................................... 43
Figure 4: CNF transparent sheet............................................................................................................... 46 Figure 5: Running shoes incorporating cellulose nanofibers................................................................ 47 Figure 6: Ballpoint pen incorporating cellulose nanofibers.................................................................... 48 Figure 7: Nanocellulose market size, by type, 2015–2027 ($Thousand)............................................ 50 Figure 8: Nanocellulose market, by type, 2015–2027 (Tons)............................................................... 51 Figure 9: Nanocellulose market size by applications, 2017–2027, (Millions $)................................. 52 Figure 10: Nanocellulose market size by applications, 2017–2027, (Tons)....................................... 52 Figure 11: Nanocellulose market by region, 2017.................................................................................. 53 Figure 12: Nanocellulose market by region, 2027.................................................................................. 53 Figure 13: Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit............................................................. 70 Figure 14: Scale of cellulose materials..................................................................................................... 71 Figure 15: Types of nanocellulose............................................................................................................. 72 Figure 16: Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses..................................................... 73 Figure 17: TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.................................................................................... 78 Figure 18: Main steps involved in the preparation of NCC.................................................................... 89 Figure 19: Schematic of typical commercialization route for nanocellulose producer...................... 92 Figure 20: Volume of industry demand for nanocellulose by nanocellulose producer sales, 2016. 96 Figure 21: Technology Readiness Level (TRL) for nanocellulose..................................................... 112 Figure 22: Production volumes of nanocellulose 2017, by region..................................................... 116 Figure 23: Nanocellulose patents by field of application, 2013......................................................... 124 Figure 24: Demand for nanocellulose in polymer composites market, 2015-2017 (Million$)........ 137 Figure 25: Demand for nanocellulose in polymer composites market, 2015-2017 (tons).............. 137 Figure 26: Example process for producing NFC packaging film........................................................ 142 Figure 27: Demand for nanocellulose in the biopackaging market, 2015-2017 (Million$)............. 149 Figure 28: Demand for nanocellulose in the biopackaging market, 2015-2017 (tons)................... 149 Figure 29: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviaton market, 2015-2017 (Million$)................................................................................................................................................................. 157 Figure 30: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerospace and aviaton market, 2015-2017 (tons).. 157 Figure 31: Nanomaterials-based automotive components.................................................................. 162 Figure 32: Demand for nanocellulose in the automotive market, 2015-2017 (Million$)................. 166 Figure 33: Demand for nanocellulose in the automotive market, 2015-2017 (tons)....................... 166 Figure 34: Demand for nanocellulose in the construction and building market, 2015-2017 (Million$)................................................................................................................................................................. 172 Figure 35: Demand for nanocellulose in the construction and building market, 2015-2017 (tons). 172 Figure 36: Paper and board global demand.......................................................................................... 182 Figure 37: Demand for nanocellulose in the paper and board market, 2015-2017 (Million$)....... 184 Figure 38: Demand for nanocellulose in the paper and board market, 2015-2017 (tons)............. 184 Figure 39: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles product market, 2015-2017 (Million$).......... 193 Figure 40: Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles product market, 2015-2017 (tons)................ 194
Figure 41: Demand for nanocellulose in the medical and healthcare market, 2015-2017 (Million$)................................................................................................................................................................. 203 Figure 42: Demand for nanocellulose in the medical and healthcare market, 2015-2017 (tons). 204 Figure 43: Global Paints and Coatings Market, share by end user market...................................... 211 Figure 44: Demand for nanocellulose in the coatings and films market, 2015-2017 (Million$).... 214 Figure 45: Demand for nanocellulose in the coatings and films market, 2015-2017 (tons).......... 215 Figure 46: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerogels market, 2015-2017 (Million$)..................... 220 Figure 47: Demand for nanocellulose in the aerogels market, 2015-2017 (tons)........................... 221 Figure 48: Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery. 227 Figure 49: Demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas exploration market, 2015-2017 (Million$)................................................................................................................................................................. 230 Figure 50: Demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas exploration market, 2015-2017 (tons).. 231 Figure 51: Nanocellulose virus filter paper............................................................................................. 241 Figure 52: Demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2015-2017 (Million$)....................... 244 Figure 53: Demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2015-2017 (tons)............................ 244 Figure 54: Cellulose nanofiber films....................................................................................................... 254 Figure 55: Nanocellulose photoluminescent paper.............................................................................. 255 Figure 56: LEDs shining on circuitry imprinted on a 5x5cm sheet of CNF....................................... 256 Figure 57: Foldable nanopaper................................................................................................................ 257 Figure 58: Foldable nanopaper antenna................................................................................................ 258 Figure 59: Paper memory (ReRAM)....................................................................................................... 258 Figure 60: Global market revenues for smart wearable devices 2014-2021, in US$..................... 260 Figure 61: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart wearable devices 2014-2021 in US$, conservative estimate............................................................................................................... 260 Figure 62: Global market revenues for nanotech-enabled smart wearable devices 2014-2021 in US$, optimistic estimate..................................................................................................................... 261 Figure 63: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet............................................................................................... 278 Figure 64: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric..................................... 279 Figure 65: CNF transparent film.............................................................................................................. 315 Figure 66: CNF wet powder..................................................................................................................... 316 Figure 67: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.................................................................... 343 Figure 68: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film.................. 348 Figure 69: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:.................................. 357 Figure 70: NCCTM Process..................................................................................................................... 358 Figure 71: Plantrose process................................................................................................................... 364 [wp_eStore_fancy2 id=39]