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Slide 1
Slide 2
The Gilded Age Things arent always what they appear.
Slide 3
Segregation and Discrimination Racism in the Gilded Age (and
beyond)
Slide 4
Roots of Racism in the Gilded Age Failures of Reconstruction
allow racism to expand in the post-Civil War South Sharecropping
Voting restrictions Violence of the KKK African Americans move west
looking for opportunity, but what happens to those who are left
behind?
Slide 5
The rise of Jim Crow Jim Crow laws: laws meant to enforce the
segregation of schools and other public places SSegregation:
separation of blacks and whites JJim Crow: figure from the 1830s,
symbol for inferiority of African Americans Combined with laws
restricting the right of African Americans to vote, this created an
atmosphere of legalized racial discrimination!
Slide 6
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Homer Plessy sues railroad company
for segregating seating, arguing it violates the 14 th Amendment
case goes to the Supreme Court! Supreme Court ruling: separate but
equal facilities do not violate 14 th Amendment Jim Crow laws are
legitimized by the ruling Result: nearly every aspect of life in
the South becomes segregated by law
Slide 7
Separate but equal How equal are these facilities in
reality?
Slide 8
Racism in North and South System of segregation continues until
the Civil Rights period and are enforced by state authorities as
well as groups like KKK More than 2,500 African Americans lynched
between 1885 and 1900 While segregation is not legal, racism is
also present in the North Job discrimination White-only
neighborhoods
Slide 9
Resistance to racism Efforts to achieve equality for African
Americans emerged in late 19 th century, inspiring civil rights
leaders for years to come Ida B. Wells (1862-1931) Booker T.
Washington (1856-1915) W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963)
Slide 10
Washington vs. DuBois Booker T. Washington Born into slavery
Became teacher after Civil War; founded Tuskegee Institute (1881)
in Alabama to help African Americans learn trades Did not openly
challenge segregation Believed self help was the key to equality,
even if it meant doing so in a separate community W.E.B. DuBois
Born after slavery into middle class family Harvard-educated
scholar Encouraged African Americans to reject segregation Believed
educated African Americans (a.k.a. the Talented Tenth) should lead
fight for equality; established NAACP in 1909 to lead reform
movement What similarities and differences existed between Booker
T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois in their fight for equality?
Slide 11
Chinese and Mexican Segregation Chinese Immigration:
SSegregation from whites Had their own schools Tried to protect
their rights Mexican Americans WWanted more rights LLas Gorras
Blancas: Cutting holes in barbed wire fences and burning houses of
rich landowners
Slide 12
Women Segregation Wanted to get more rights Formed different
unions WWomens Christian Temperance Union UUnions were not
successful Susan B. Anthony: Formed movement to try and gain more
rights for women
Slide 13
Womens Suffrage Movement
Slide 14
Politics Its all about the Benjamin$$$
Slide 15
Political and Economic Challenges Corruption plagued both local
and national politics One example of this corruption was Boss Tweed
and Tammany Hall in New York City
Slide 16
Tammany Hall 1789, in NYC, the Tammany Society was founded
Originally a patriotic & charitable organization 1817, Irish
leaders gained membership in Tammany Enacted practice of exchanging
votes for benefits For the next 70 years New York City would be
governed by Tammany forces 1868, William Tweed became the leader of
Tammany Ushered in an era of extreme corruption
Slide 17
William Tweed Began his rise to influence in the1840s as a
volunteer fireman in New York City From these beginnings Tweed
managed to build a base of power He was soon elected to a term in
the New York State Assembly During his term he was active in
Tammany Hall The organizational force of the Democratic Party in
New York
Slide 18
Patronage Tweed used a vast system of patronage Tweed gathered
a small group of men who controlled New York City's finances They
dispensed jobs and contracts in return for political support and
bribes Political patronage is the dispensing of favors or rewards
in return for support or votes
Slide 19
The Scandal Estimated he stole $75 million to $200 million
Contractors presented bills ranging from 15% to 65% over the actual
cost Extra money was divided among Tweed and his subordinates The
Tweed Courthouse Most excessive example of corruption Cost the city
$13 million to construct It actually cost only $3 million Tweeds
Downfall Refused to authorize the Orange Parade Sheriff gave
evidence of embezzlement to The New York Times Political cartoons
drawn by Thomas Nast increased anger towards Tweed
Slide 20
Thomas Nast Efforts were instrumental in bringing down the
Tweed Ring Contributed to the political & cultural scene:
Created the elephant as the symbol for the Republican Party and the
donkey for the Democrats Developed the popular appearance of Uncle
Sam Popularized the current day conception of Santa Claus
Slide 21
The Fate of Tweed and Tammany Hall Tweed was tried and
convicted of forgery and larceny Was sentenced to a 12-year prison
term He was released after serving only one year, but was quickly
arrested on another corruption charge He escaped and fled to Cuba
and then eventually Spain He was extradited back to the United
States in 1876 and died later in a New York City jail cell
Slide 22
Boss Tweed
Slide 23
Slide 24
Price Indexes for Consumer & Farm Products: 1865-1913
Slide 25
Who were the Populist?
Slide 26
Railroads take advantage of farmers Excessive Prices Shipping
Storage Farmers could not pay their loans.
Slide 27
Founder of the National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry
(1867)
Slide 28
The Grange Movement First organized in the 1867 in the Midwest,
the south, and Texas. Set up cooperative associations. Social and
educational components. Succeeded in lobbying for Granger Laws.
Rapidly declined by the late 1870s.
Slide 29
Gift for the Grangers: The Farmer Pays for All! Gift for the
Grangers: The Farmer Pays for All!
Slide 30
The Farmers Alliances Begun in the late 1880s (Texas first the
Southern Alliance; then in the Midwest the Northern Alliance).
Built upon the ashes of the Grange. More political and less social
than the Grange. Ran candidates for office. Controlled 8 state
legislatures & had 47 representatives in Congress during the
1890s.
Slide 31
New Political Party Emerges Populist Peoples Party Help farmers
and laborers Party Platform Increase in $$ supply Graduated income
tax Federal loan program
Slide 32
The Populist (Peoples) Party Founded by James B. Weaver and Tom
Watson. Omaha, NE Convention in July, 1892. Got almost 1 million
popular votes. Several Congressional seats won. James B. Weaver,
Presidential Candidate & James G. Field, VP
Slide 33
Omaha Platform of 1892 1. Abolition of the National Bank. 2.
Direct election of Senators. 3. Govt. ownership of RRs, telephone
& telegraph companies. 4. Government-operated postal savings
banks. 5. Restriction of undesirable immigration. 6. 8-hour work
day for government employees. 7. Abolition of the Pinkerton
detective agency. 8. Australian secret ballot. 9. Re-monitization
of silver. 10. A single term for President & Vice
President.
Slide 34
Panic of 1893 Farmers are in debt. Railroads go bankrupt.
Government wears thin of gold. Stock market crashes. 15,000
businesses and 500 banks collapse. 20% of workforce is
unemployed.
Slide 35
Bimetallism vs. Gold Standard Bimetallism Silverites Govt gives
gold or silver in exchange for paper currency. Gold Standard Gold
Bugs Backing dollars solely with gold.
Slide 36
Slide 37
Gold Triumphs Over Silver 1111900 Gold Standard Act
cccconfirmed the nations commitment to the gold standard. AAAA
victory for the forces of conservatism.
Slide 38
Heyday of Western Populism
Slide 39
Why Did Populism Decline? 1. The economy experienced rapid
change. 2. The era of small producers and farmers was fading away.
3. Race divided the Populist Party, especially in the South. 4. The
Populists were not able to break existing party loyalties. 5. Most
of their agenda was co-opted by the Democratic Party.