THE GEORGE INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2008/2009

THE GEORGE INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT 2008/2009

IMPACT

.A DECADE OFDISCOVERY,INNOVATION...AND

Mission and Values 1

History 2

2008/2009 Highlights 3

Strategy and Operations 4Strategic directions 4Key performance areas 5Stakeholder review 6Chair and Principal Directors report 7

Global Presence 9Australia 10China 11India 12Strategic enterprise: George Clinical 13Strategic enterprise: Health Policy Unit 14

DISCOVERY 15

Cardiovascular disease 16Renal and metabolic conditions 17Neurological and mental health 18Injury prevention 19Musculoskeletal management 20Critical care and trauma 21

INNOVATION 23

Centre for Health Care Innovation 24Polypill: four in one 24A new way to diagnose cardiovascular problems 25Online innovation for physiotherapists 26Image of innovation to help treat heart disease 26Innovation in health economics 26

IMPACT 27

Impact on policy and practice 28Government recommendations 30

Expertise 31Organisation chart 31Academic leaders 32Support groups 35Awards and achievements 36

Governance and Management 37Board of Directors 37Board Committees 39Institute Management 412008/2009 Collaborators 42

Financial Report 44Balance sheet 45Income statement 46Cash flow statement 46Audit report 47Funding sources 48

Glossary 49

Publications and Presentations (separate insert)

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We will achieve this by:

Providing the best evidence toguide critical health decisions

Engaging with decision makersto enact real change

Targeting global epidemics,particularly of chronic diseasesand injury

Focusing on vulnerable populationsin both rich and poor countries

Our HUMANITARIAN COMMITMENTwill spur us to tackle the health issuesaffecting high-risk and disadvantaged

people worldwide.

Our focus on EXCELLENCEwill produce scientific evidence that is

ethical and of the highest quality.

Our CREATIVITY will challengetraditional thinking and provide an

impetus for new and innovative solutionsto the world’s leading health problems.

Our INTEGRITY will underpin all ourwork and interactions, includingour collaborations with partner

organisations worldwide.

Our ‘CAN DO’ approach will producetimely, effective action, even in the face

of adversity or other barriers toimplementation.

Our emphasis on IMPACT willensure our work has real consequences

for those who are most vulnerable todisease and injury.

The George Institute is affiliated with

OUR MISSION

OUR VALUESIS TO IMPROVE THE HEALTH OF MILLIONS OF PEOPLE WORLDWIDE

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2 The George Institute is aSydney-based, world-leadingresearch institute with officesin Australia, China, India andthe United Kingdom. Whilefocusing on the preventionand management of chronicdisease and injury, we alsodevelop innovative healthsolutions for primary andhospital-based care.

Since its establishment inAustralia in 1999, with thesupport of the University ofSydney’s Medical School,the Institute has made asignificant impact onglobal health.

We have conducted majorglobal applied researchprojects and innovativecommunity-based programsfrom our research hubs inAustralia, China and India.

In 2009, the Institute celebrates itsten-year anniversary and we are proudof the impact we have had on globalhealth in the last decade. We have:

Provided global evidence to reduceheart attack, stroke and kidneydisease in diabetes patients

Led global research that haschanged practice in the treatmentof high blood pressure and stroke

Identified cost-effective treatmentsto save lives in intensive carepatients globally

Developed a program to addresshigh rates of chronic disease inIndigenous communities

Created a world-first survey trackingglobal investment into treatingdiseases of the developing world

Determined that chronic diseasesand injuries are the major causes ofdeath in rural India

Identified risks and strategies toreduce the high death and injuryrates among young drivers

Designed an intervention in Chinathat dramatically increased use ofseat belts to improve road safety

Demonstrated how lower bloodpressure helps save dialysis patients’lives

Provided vital evidence to improveoutcomes for millions of patientswith recurring low back pain

HISTORYHISTORY

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IDENTIFIEDWORLDSPEND ONDISEASES OFDEVELOPINGCOUNTRIESThe Health Policy Unit at the Institutelaunched the first year results from theGlobal Funding of Innovation forNeglected Diseases (G-FINDER) surveyof global investment into research anddevelopment of new products for ne-glected diseases. The survey found thatover US$2.5 billion was invested in2007, with almost 80% of these fundscontributing to HIV/AIDS, TB, andmalaria. The survey also revealed thatmany significant diseases claimingmillions of lives in developing countriesremain underfunded. These findingswere published in the Public Library ofScience (PLoS).

LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURESAVES LIVES IN DIALYSIS PATIENTSA systematic review assessing the effect of blood pressure lowering in patientsreceiving dialysis treatment found a significant 20% reduction in the risk of deathfor patients with kidney disease who reduced their blood pressure. Kidney failurepatients are at an increased risk of death due to cardiovascular complications anduntil now no treatments had been clearly proven to reduce this risk. These findingswere published in The Lancet and are set to change the way clinicians treat dialysispatients.

BACK PAIN ARECURRINGISSUE - ARE WETREATING ITRIGHT?Back pain is a reoccurring problem inmany populations across the world.Musculoskeletal researchers at theInstitute have shown that after anepisode of back pain resolves, one infour people will experience a recurrencewithin one year. A prevalent and costlycondition, back pain is becoming anincreasing public health concern aspopulations age. Researchers highlightthat patients and clinicians should shifttheir focus to prevention, taking care oftheir back as they would of their heartby eating correctly and undertakingregular exercise.

An initiative announced in mid-2009, The George Institute, China has receivedfunding to be the host institute for the first global health initiative designed totackle the massive health threat of chronic disease in China. The new ChinaInternational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention will be established to improveprevention and control of cardiovascular health care, stroke, coronary heart diseaseand other common cardiovascular conditions the Center is one of 11 centres basedin developing countries across the world funded by the National Heart, Lung andBlood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health and UnitedHealth Group.

RESULTS TOCHANGE HOWCRITICALLY ILLPATIENTS ARETREATEDThe NICE-SUGAR (Normoglycemia inIntensive Care Evaluation and SurvivalUsing Glucose Algorithm Regulation)study, published in The New EnglandJournal of Medicine, found that thecommon practice of intensively loweringblood glucose in critically ill patientsincreases the risk of death by 10%.Intensive blood glucose lowering hasbeen widely recommended to controlhyperglycemia - a serious and extremelycommon condition among acutely illpatients. These findings highlight thatinternational clinical guidelines needurgent review.

GLOBAL FUNDING HELPS ESTABLISHCHINA’S FIRST CHRONIC DISEASERESEARCH CENTRE

2008/2009 HIGHLIGHTS

STRATEGIC DIRECTION PROGRESS IN 2008/2009

Announced significant global research findings from a number of studies,including in the areas of intensive care management, kidney treatment and areport on neglected diseaseExperienced a 59% increase in the number of published research papers,including in top-tier publications such as The Lancet, the British Medical Journaland The New England Journal of MedicineDisseminated the results of key research, including 201 conferencepresentations, an increase of 116%Increased our attention on research programs, with a policy focus on health caredelivery and systems both globally and in AustraliaSecured and commenced a major program grant from Australia’s NationalHealth and Medical Research Council for AU$12 million to combatcardiovascular diseaseThe AWASH salt reduction strategy and model was acknowledged in theAustralian Government Preventative Health Taskforce Obesity Review as a modelfor nutrition campaignsSee more details under Discovery (p.15) and Impact (p. 27)

Awarded a total of 24 peer-reviewed grants, an increase of 140% on theprevious financial yearAwarded a total of 11 research fellowships, an increase of 120% on theprevious financial yearMaintained a unique, diverse funding model, including peer-reviewed funding,infrastructure, industry and funds generated by strategic enterprises such asGeorge ClinicalRelaunched philanthropic activities at the Institute, including establishing aBoard Fundraising Committee and hosting several targeted stakeholder eventsSee more details under Financial Report (p. 44)

Secured funding from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute of the USNational Institutes of Health and UnitedHealth Group for the first Center ofExcellence for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control in ChinaMaintained regional-focused research, including country-specific programsinvestigating cardiovascular risk factors, acute coronary care and injuryprevention in China and IndiaReviewed and strengthened our core academic strategy in IndiaIncreased resources so that, collectively, China, India and UK staff represent36% of the workforce at the Institute

Completed a major stakeholder review in AustraliaConducted several key stakeholder events across a range of interest areas,including Indigenous health, nutrition and health policyCommenced a program of government engagement in AustraliaIncreased media coverage of the Institute by 51%Commenced a stakeholder review in China

Maintained board structure and membership as outlined in the Institute’sconstitutionCommenced strategic discussions on the future global management structure ofthe Institute with Senior Executives and Board of DirectorsCreated and convened a number of board committees to oversee key strategicallyimportant areas of the Institute (see p. 39 for full list of board committees)

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4 The Institute’s strategic plan was revised in late 2008, and isdesigned to guide the Institute’s work from 2009 to 2011. Developedin consultation with managers and the Institute’s board, it centresaround five key directions that will best help us achieve our mission.

STRATEGY AND OPERATIONS

1 HIGH-QUALITY,HIGH-IMPACTRESEARCH

2 FINANCIALSUSTAINABILITY

3 ROBUSTOPERATIONS INCHINA & INDIA

4 STRONGSTAKEHOLDERRELATIONSHIPS

5 GOVERNANCE &MANAGEMENTAPPROPRIATEFOR A GLOBALORGANISATION

Progress againstour strategies

Research output:academic publicationsand presentationsTo ensure maximum exposure ofresearch findings, the Institutesecured an increased number ofpublications and presentations in2008/2009, providing a channel todisseminate research results. Duringthe year research findings werepublished in The New England Journalof Medicine, the British MedicalJournal, the Public Library of Science(PLoS) and The Lancet among others.This publication record is extendedand supported by our stakeholderengagement program, working withgovernment and media.

Institute funding sourcesThe George Institute is an independentnot-for-profit organisation. A bestpractice funding model underpins theInstitute’s operations which makes thebest use of donor funds as well asproducing self-generated income.Strategic enterprises such as GeorgeClinical generate a surplus frommission-related commercial activitieswhich is reinvested into the main workof the Institute. See more on strategicenterprises (p. 13) and our fundingsources (p. 48) later in the report.

Staff at the InstituteA total of 238.9 full time equivalent(FTE) staff were employed at theInstitute as at 30 June 2009 (304 staffincluding casuals). Collectively, China,India and the UK represent 36% ofthe workforce.

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KEY PERFORMANCE AREAS

Funding Sources2008/2009

Academic Publicationsand Presentations

FTE staff numbers atThe George Institute

across the world asat 30 June 2009

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STAKEHOLDER REVIEW

“POSITIVELYREGARDEDSCOPE AND

SCALE OFOPERATIONS”

“INNOVATIVE, ENTREPRENEURIAL,CREATIVE, ‘CAN DO’ ANDPROFESSIONAL CULTURE”

“STRONG POSITION TO TACKLE THEBIG CHALLENGES LOOMING ONTHE HEALTH LANDSCAPE”

“SCIENTIFICLEADERS OFHIGHESTQUALITY”

Perceptions of The George Institute– a perspective from stakeholdersIn 2008, the Institute undertook its first survey of existing and potential keystakeholders in Australia. An international standard for stakeholder engagement(AA1000SES) was used as a guide. This defines stakeholder engagement as drivingstrategic direction and operational excellence for organisations through learning,innovating and performing.

We conducted nearly 30 qualitative interviews with senior people in AustralianGovernment (State and Federal), trusts and foundations, corporate organisationsand academic institutions, and collaboratoring organisations. A key emphasis in theresearch and its methodology was the need to include organisations with nocurrent relationship with the Institute and to not be bound by our currentstakeholder ‘footprint’.

Findings – funding model, scale of operations,people and cultureFindings highlighted the perceived strengths in the Institute’s unique funding model,where the establishment of its mission-related commercial enterprise (GeorgeClinical) was viewed as highly innovative best practice. The Institute’s presence inChina and India was also regarded as a key, unique strength and one which otherAustralian organisations may well wish to access. The scope and scale of theoperations at the Institute were also positively regarded, and its people, especiallyits scientific leaders, were viewed as being of the highest quality. The researchconfirmed the strength of many existing Institute partnerships and collaborations.The culture of the Institute was variously described as innovative, entrepreneurial,creative, ‘can do’ and professional. These were seen as distinguishing traits for anacademic institution and ones which were highly valued by stakeholders.

FutureFor the future, stakeholders saw theInstitute as being in a strong position totackle the big challenges looming onthe health landscape, such as an agingpopulation and preventative health.Some stakeholders predicted that theInstitute could become very active inhealth economics and perhaps eventake on the role of a ‘think tank’.

Implications and actionsThe Institute has fed the detailed findings from this research into its strategicdevelopment process. All senior leaders were presented with the results and apresentation was made to all staff. A number of key activities and programs havebeen initiated in response to the findings.

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CHAIR AND PRINCIPAL DIRECTORS REPORT

This year has also seen the establishment of the Global Alliance for ChronicDisease, an initiative that we strongly support. The Alliance is comprised, atpresent, of six national health organisations – from Australia, the United Kingdom,the United States, Canada, India and China. With the establishment of this newbody, the alignment of The George Institute’s core aims with global health carepriorities is closer than it has ever been.

Discovering new treatments and informing health policyIn the past year The George Institute has completed a number of large-scale studiesthat will have significant impact on the health care of people worldwide. Thesestudies included key results that will impact many communities, including thosesuffering from the neglected diseases of the world through to critically ill patientsin intensive care settings. In particular, we have continued to ensure that ourresearch findings impact on global clinical practice through improvement ofguidelines – making treatment easier for practitioners and safer and more effectivefor patients.

We remain committed to improving health care delivery in resource-poor settings.Our focus on closing the Indigenous health gap in Australia, is driven by ourparticipation in the Kanyini Vascular Collaboration, a significant program aimed atunderstanding the barriers to vascular care among Indigenous Australians. Otherprograms are focused on the high injury rates among Indigenous Australians, withan emphasis on improving road safety in both the Indigenous and non-Indigenouspopulations. In India, our involvement in the Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiativehas helped identify the major causes of death in this very poor rural community,as well as facilitate the development of programs for prevention.

Importantly, the Institute has been involved in a range of new activities focused oninforming public health policy in Australia and internationally. During this year wehave engaged directly with governments in Australia, the United Kingdom, Chinaand India, focussing on health challenges in chronic disease and injury prevention.We have also worked closely with the private sector, demonstrated by ourleadership of AWASH (the Australian Division of World Action on Salt and Health),where we have encouraged key food industry players in Australia, such as Colesand McDonald’s, to reduce salt levels in foods; the next step is to address with ourChinese colleagues the high salt intake in China.

The George Institute wasfounded a decade ago inresponse to the growingburden of chronic disease andinjury throughout the world.Its aim was, and remains, toimprove the health of millionsworldwide through providingthe highest standard ofresearch evidence that caninform policy and improveclinical practice. In ten years,significant developments in theglobal fight against chronicdisease and injury have takenplace, and we are proud tohave been in the frontlinealongside many esteemedcollaborators and partners inaddressing this healthchallenge. In 2008/2009 theInstitute continued to conductlandmark health and medicalresearch that will influencehealth care policy and clinicalpractice worldwide. In addition,as health care systems aroundthe world contend withescalating demands and costs,we are making innovation inhealth care a defining elementof our endeavours.

Professor Robyn NortonPrincipal Director

Professor Stephen MacMahonPrincipal Director

Dr John Yu ACChair

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Leading health care innovationAcross the world, there are ongoing reforms aimed at maintaining or improving thequality of health care services for a sustainable cost. Health systems and deliveryresearch has a major role to play in these reforms. Only through innovativeapproaches that are informed by the best available research evidence, can healthcare costs be contained, while effectiveness, quality and safety are increased.

With this aim in mind, the Institute continues to pioneer research models that willassist in generating evidence to inform innovative health care. As part of thisapproach, we are engaged in discussions with the University of Oxford, incollaboration with the UK National Health Service, to establish a Centre for HealthCare Innovation in the UK. This collaborative initiative, involves working with bothgovernment and communities to ensure their priorities underpin the research weundertake.

In China, where we have an established research base, we were awarded aninternational contract to host a new centre for chronic disease prevention andcontrol, in partnership with Peking University Health Science Center. The newchronic disease centre is part of a global initiative, funded by the US NationalInstitutes of Health and UnitedHealth Group, and involves collaborations bothinternationally and within China.

With chronic diseases accounting for more than three quarters of all deaths inChina, the centre will be instrumental in helping to arrest this looming health threatto China’s growing economic and social prosperity.

Maintaining a solid organisationLike many organisations worldwide, the Institute has been affected by the GlobalFinancial Crisis, with 2008/2009 being our most financially challenging year in adecade of operation. Yet we have effectively used this time of international crisisto enhance our financial systems and maintain our focus on funding diversity. Theresult is that the Institute ended the financial year on solid terms. This highlightsthe importance of a unique funding model in which the Institute does not rely juston research grants from government or other funding bodies. Our strategicenterprises, such as George Clinical (a global clinical trials management operation,see p. 13), provide independent revenue streams, the surplus of which is investedback into our mission-centric work. Looking forward, George Clinical has a healthypipeline of new projects with leading companies, providing a sound financialunderpinning in both the short and long term.

Our strategic planning process over the past year has been centred on supportingthe truly global nature of the organisation in terms of our operations andmanagement structure. Primary among our efforts has been a major update ofthe strategic plan for the coming three years to support this increased global role;the new plan took effect at the beginning of the 2009 calendar year (see p. 4).

A word of thanksOne of our long-standing Board members, Professor Andrew Coats stepped downfrom the Board during this period and we would like to acknowledge his significantinput and support. We would also like to welcome Professor Stephen Garton,Provost and Deputy Vice-Chancellor at the University of Sydney who has acceptedour invitation to join the Board. We would also like to acknowledge the valuableinput of the Institute’s Research and Development Advisory Committee, chaired byProfessor Terry Dwyer AO. The Committee brings together a range of internationalexperts to review the Institute’s progress in research and development, and met inthe latter half of 2008. Their insight, advice and recommendations were widelyappreciated by both the Board and senior management (see p. 37).

Finally, we would like to thank The George Institute’s dedicated staff. During theyear, some have received well-deserved recognition for their work, including thecardiovascular research team, which was given the prestigious Program GrantAchievement Award for 2008 by Australia’s National Health and Medical ResearchCouncil. Yet every single staff member deserves our thanks for their consistentlyhigh standard of work and their profound belief that what we do makes adifference in this world.

Dr John Yu ACChair

Professor Stephen MacMahonPrincipal Director

Professor Robyn NortonPrincipal Director

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GLOBAL CHALLENGES,GLOBAL PRESENCE

58 MILLION PEOPLE DIEeach year due to chronicdiseases and 1.2 millionpeople are killed from roadtraffic injuries.

In 2030 the leading causesof death across the worldare projected to be heartdisease, stroke, HIV/AIDSand chronic obstructivepulmonary disease, andthere will be an estimated40% increase in deaths dueto injury.

The George Institute is a global organisation with research hubs in Australia, India,China and the United Kingdom. It was established to address the leading causesof death and disability worldwide – chronic disease and injury.

The challenges caused by chronic disease and injuries are significant and notspecific to any one corner of the globe. All communities and countries are facingincreasing costs and demands on health systems due to an increasing burden ofdisease.

Over the last ten years, the Institute has made vital discoveries to help arm theworld for this rise in chronic disease and injuries. Over this time, researchers at theInstitute have built expertise and knowledge both within Australia, where theInstitute was established, and globally through its network of more than 300international collaborations.

Recognising the particular challenges facing developing countries, the Institute hasdeveloped research programs that address the issues in the Asia-Pacific region. Inparticular, India and China have been a significant focus of the Institute’s work (seep. 11 - 12).

Our activities are also growing in the United Kingdom, where we are working incollaboration with the University of Oxford and the United Kingdom Governmenton a new model for systematic innovation in health care. This involves researchers,health decision-makers and clinicians. The vision of this initiative is a national centrefor health care innovation, to ensure government and community priorities aretranslated into research that informs strong policy and practice (see p. 24).

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Partnerships to address the gap in Indigenous healthA new model for improving Indigenous health is needed, as life expectancy amongIndigenous Australians is low, and chronic diseases and injuries are on the rise.Indigenous health initiatives that are gaining significant traction are those whereIndigenous communities are leading the debate and collaborating with health careprofessionals.

The documentary Yajilarra tells the story of a group of Aboriginal women from theMarninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre in remote Western Australia whofought to implement successful alcohol restrictions that have decreased the ratesof violence, death and hospitalisation. The George Institute supported the makingof this powerful documentary and in 2009 hosted a high-profile screening inSydney. Following this, the Marninwarntikura Women’s Resource Centre asked theInstitute to partner with them to tackle health-related challenges in theircommunity, especially foetal alcohol spectrum disorders. This project is proudlysupported by Bellberry Limited.

Kanyini (‘mutual caring’ in Pitjantjatjara) is a research program designed to improvehealth outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with chronicdisease. Kanyini’s researchers will develop an understanding of the barriers facedwhen accessing health services and use this knowledge to develop innovative best-practice models and inform Indigenous health care policy. Collaboration is centralto the Kanyini program, and we are working with the Baker IDI Heart and DiabetesInstitute, Aboriginal communities, Aboriginal Medical Services, government andother organisations. The Institute is also focused on building research capacity byemploying and training Indigenous researchers.

Injury prevention: a focus on road safetyInjury prevention research at the Institute is a significant program of work that includesa focus on young drivers (see p.19), Indigenous road safety, heavy vehicle safetyand motorcycle clothing to prevent motorcycle-related injury. Projects are designedto develop a better understanding of road risks in Australia and how to make roadsa safer environment.The Institute also continues to work closely with governmentsto guide road safety policy. Working with the Northern Territory Government, theInstitute provides strategic advice on development, interpretation and evaluationof road safety policy to help reduce road safety issues experienced in the Territory.

Improving the management of back painMusculoskeletal researchers at the Institute are developing and evaluating newapproaches to the primary care management of musculoskeletal conditions suchas low back pain – a major source of disability and cost within Australia. Thisresearch is centred around building a better understanding of the causes andsources of low back pain, defining the clinical course of low back pain, bettermanagement of low back pain, identifying mechanisms underlying persistence ofsymptoms following a whiplash injury, and developing and testing clinical measuresof low back pain (see p. 20).

Challenging our lifestyleWith prevention a key focus at the Institute, the Australian Division of World Actionon Salt and Health (AWASH) is hosted at the Institute. Managing the ‘Drop theSalt!’ campaign, AWASH is taking steps to reduce Australians’ intake of salt, whichincreases blood pressure and contributes to chronic disease. In its recent ’Inquiryinto Obesity’ report, the Australian Government’s Standing Committee, madespecific reference to the AWASH campaign as an exemplary model for government,industry and academia working together to tackle health challenges.

A strong, sustainable health system for the futureAs Australia faces spiralling health spending from rising costs and the ageingpopulation, Australian health reforms must emphasise evidence-based, preventativehealth care. The Institute has plans to establish a centre for health care innovationthat would drive a research agenda linked to the needs of patients and clinicians.See p. 24 for more information on this new initiative.

The George Institute wasestablished ten years ago by asmall group of inspired medicalresearchers and clinicians inSydney. Today ‘The George’ isoperating on a global scale,but Australia still provides thehome base from which itcontinues to grow. Chronicdisease and injury are the keyareas of focus for The GeorgeInstitute globally, and inAustralia this focus is trainedon key areas of Indigenoushealth, injury prevention,musculoskeletal conditions andaddressing the lifestyle factorsthat are underlying drivers ofchronic disease.

See p. 15 - 21 for the full breadth of research activity at the Institute in 2008/2009.

THE GEORGEINSTITUTE,AUSTRALIA:HOMEBASE

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China’s first Center for Chronic Disease PreventionThe first global health initiative designed to tackle the massive health threat ofchronic disease in China was announced in June 2009. The new ChinaInternational Center for Chronic Disease Prevention, which will be hosted by TheGeorge Institute, China, draws together 12 leading national and internationalinstitutions to centrally coordinate chronic disease research, fund pilot researchprograms and provide hands-on research leadership. It is one of 11 centres indeveloping countries across the world, funded by the National Heart, Lung andBlood Institute of the US National Institutes of Health and UnitedHealth Group.

Several ‘home grown’ chronic disease projects are under way, in collaboration withThe George Institute’s global network:

Clinical Pathways for Acute Coronary Syndrome 2 (CPACS2) aims to establisheffective management pathways for acute coronary care in hospitals.

China Clinical Control of Dyslipidemia (CCCD) aims to raise awareness ofdyslipidemia (a disruption in the amount of lipids in the blood) and promotethe use of treatment guidelines.

A Simplified Approach to Managing Cardiovascular Disease in ChineseCommunities is a pilot study aiming to find an effective approach totreatment for practitioners to follow.

China Salt Substitute Study in Tibet (CCCS-Tibet) is examining levels of raisedblood pressure in the Tibetan population, and comparing the blood pressurelowering effects of salt substitute vs salt substitute combined with low-dosediuretics.

Preventing injuryAs motorisation increases as part of China’s economic development, so too doesthe rate of road injury and deaths. Improving road safety in China is a long-termproject, so it makes sense to start with today’s young drivers. The China NoviceDriver Study is examining the effects of training novice drivers in ‘real world’conditions. If successful, this pilot project may lead to a larger study across China.

With motorcycles making up a huge proportion of vehicles in China, The GeorgeInstitute, China is involved in a multi-centre study of helmet usage among riders.The focus is on non-standard helmets. Researchers will investigate what proportionof riders use these helmets and how well the use of standard helmets is enforced.Outputs from this project will help inform road safety policy development in China.

See p. 15 - 21 for the full breadth of research activity at the Institute in 2008/2009.

THE GEORGEINSTITUTE,CHINA

China’s major health threat,chronic disease, now accountsfor more than three-quarters ofall deaths. In recognition of theincreasing burden of chronicdisease, The George Institute,China is focused on a numberof major initiatives. The GeorgeInstitute, China was launched in2007 to promote the adoptionof evidence-based approachesto health care in China. Itconducts clinical trials in chronicdisease, undertakes research ininjury prevention, and works todevelop effective healthpractices and policy.

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THE GEORGEINSTITUTE,INDIA

The George Institute, Indiadevelops solutions to helpaddress the high rate of chronicdisease and injury faced by thisvast nation. Motivated to makea major contribution towardsimproving the healthlandscape, the Institute isfocused on understanding thekey causes of death and theirprevention.

Representing international research in IndiaIn India, the Institute is undertaking a number of projects that are part of majorglobal projects. The Population Health Metrics Consortium Project – or GC-13 – isan international study aiming to develop instruments to measure populationhealth. An Indian arm of the study is being conducted by The George Institute,India with funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Now half-waythrough this six-year study, instruments have been tested in 22 villages in AndhraPradesh to estimate population mortality rates, disease prevalence, and thecoverage of preventive therapies such as vaccination. We have also conductedmore than 4,800 verbal autopsies (interviews with families of those who have died)in an effort to understand the key causes of death in the region.

A three-year project (commencing in 2010) will focus on patients with establishedcardiovascular disease. Called UMPIRE (Use of a Multidrug Pill In Reducingcardiovascular Events), it is an EC-funded study on the prevention of cardiovascularevents, and will involve 1,000 patients in India and a further 1,000 in Europe. It willcompare usual care with a new polypill-based strategy, which combines provenrisk-reduction medicines into one low-cost, easy-to-take pill. Collaborators on theproject are the Centre for Chronic Disease Control in New Delhi and the PublicHealth Foundation of India. See more information on the polypill on p. 24.

Significant discoveries in rural IndiaThe Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative (APRHI), conducted with a number ofpartners including the Byrraju Foundation, aimed to determine the major causes ofmortality and examine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The projectalso investigated the effectiveness of health promotion and algorithm-based care(a decision tree for health care providers) on patients with high risk ofcardiovascular disease in a rural Indian community. Involving over 40 villages inAndhra Pradesh, the mortality surveillance component showed that cardiovasculardiseases were already the leading cause of death in this region, and this wasconsistent with high levels of cardiovascular risk factors also demonstrated. Analysisof results of a cluster-randomised trial examining the health promotion andalgorithm-based interventions is in progress. As well as having great relevance forlocal rural populations, APHRI has provided groundwork for the India arm ofGC-13 (see above).

Another initiative building on APHRI is a pilot feasibility project evaluating theintegration of the APHRI algorithm into existing decision support software. Thissoftware has been developed for the diagnosis, triage and management ofcommon health problems presenting to primary health care centres in under-resourced settings. This preliminary work will be conducted in partnership with aphilanthropic organisation and researchers based in Bangalore.

Health partnershipsIn 2008, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for collaboration in researchactivities was signed between The George Institute, the Sydney Medical Schooland the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Planning for initial majoractivities under this MoU is well underway, including Indo-Australian workshops ondiabetes and road traffic injuries to be held in late 2009 and early 2010. Theanticipated outcomes of these workshops are detailed, collaborative researchproposals, suitable for major funding and addressing common priority areasaffecting the health of the populations of both countries.

See p. 15 - 21 for the full breadth of research activity at the Institute in 2008/2009.

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STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE:GEORGE CLINICAL

George Clinical is The George Institute’s commercial research arm, providingcontract trial management services for pharmaceutical and medical researchorganisations across the globe. George Clinical activities provide a financial basefor The George Institute while also providing operational activities for large clinicalstudies conducted by The George Institute. In organisational terms, George Clinicalis a separate business enterprise running parallel to and complementing TheGeorge Institute. The surplus it generates helps to fund the infrastructure thatsupports the core work of The George Institute.

Showcasing global trialsGeorge Clinical continues to manage two pivotal outcome trials for internationalcompanies. This year has seen the group secure two major new contracts:

Asia-Pacific trial management – A trial of a diabetes/cardiovascular drug forone of the world’s top 10 pharmaceutical companies; the drug is in the finalstage before registration. Impressed with The George Institute’s ADVANCEstudy, the company approached George Clinical to provide the scientificleadership for the trial, and to run the Asia-Pacific component of the study –with up to 1,500 patients to be recruited in India, China, Australia, New Zealandand South-East Asia.

Global data management – The second contract is also for a top 10pharmaceutical company, and involves a trial of a new diabetes/cardiovasculardrug. In addition to trial management in the Asia-Pacific region, GeorgeClinical is providing the global data management solution.

George Clinical is fast becoming a major international player in contract medicalresearch, and is looking to expand further – particularly in Asia – in the coming year.

George Clinical offers allthe essential elements requiredto conduct high-quality clinicalresearch across the world,including world-renownedscientific expertise, accessedthrough The George Institute.

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STRATEGIC ENTERPRISE:HEALTH POLICY UNIT

Knowing the enemyThe Unit’s primary task in 2008 was conducting the G-FINDER (Global Funding ofInnovation for Neglected Diseases) survey, providing information that funders needto make effective decisions. G-FINDER is the world’s only comprehensive survey ofpublic, private and philanthropic investment in neglected diseases. It surveys over150 participating funders globally, and covers more than 30 neglected diseasesand 127 neglected disease areas. The initial results were released in February 2009,producing important findings:

Total investment in neglected disease product development is aroundUS$2.5 billion annually – much more than originally expected.

Funding comes from three sources: governments (70%), philanthropicorganisations (20%) and industry (10%).

Almost 80% of global funding goes to just three diseases: HIV/AIDS,malaria and tuberculosis.

The survey has been built using US$8.8 million in funding from the Bill & MelindaGates Foundation. This will cover the survey until 2012, with strong hopes ofcontinuing past this point. While most funders worldwide are now included in thesurvey, there are additions each year. In the next series of results, for example, theIndian Government will be included. Over the coming year, the Unit will continueto inform public debate on neglected diseases, influencing the allocation of fundsand drawing attention to those areas that need special attention.

Finding answers in AfricaIt can take African countries years to receive a new drug or vaccine that peopleneed right now. The hold-up comes from lack of capacity in African systems, andin needing to rely on Western drug approval systems unsuited to an Africancontext. With a rethinking of systems to suit African conditions, new drugs couldbe available to help people in as little as six months. The Health Policy Unit hasbeen commissioned, by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative, to see how thismight be done.

On a similar line, the Unit is investigating how to support health care innovationamong African nations – should they manufacture the medicines they need, orimport them ready-made, or something in between? To find the answers, the Unitis analysing each element of the process – regulation, intellectual property, taxesand tariffs, medical ethics, finance, community involvement and so on. Only in thisway can cost-effective, country-specific solutions be found. These studies willcontinue into the coming year.

The Health Policy Unit isfocused on neglected diseases,such as malaria, sleepingsickness and tuberculosis.In the last year, the Unitconducted a major survey ofglobal investment into researchand development funding ofproducts for these conditions.The result was powerfulinformation that will helpgovernments and other fundersof drugs and vaccines forneglected diseases, outliningwhat is needed, how much isbeing spent, and whatapproaches do and do notwork. The Unit’s efforts aregeared to tracking andinfluencing government policyand financial decision-makingwhen it comes to making newproducts to tackle thesedevastating diseases.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 16

RENAL AND METABOLIC CONDITIONS 17

NEUROLOGICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH 18

INJURY PREVENTION 19

MUSCULOSKELETAL MANAGEMENT 20

CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA 21

DISCOVERYPROVIDING THE BEST RESEARCH EVIDENCE

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Conducting world-leading researchADVANCE generated significant findings supporting the lowering of blood glucoselevels in treating cardiovascular disease among patients with type 2 diabetes. Yetit was only one of four major international trials on this topic (ADVANCE, ACCORD,VADT and UKPDS), and findings from these trials varied. To provide morecomprehensive answers to questions raised, the Institute has established acollaborative initiative involving investigators from all studies. Going forward, thisinitiative will expand to incorporate other major trials in the area of diabetesmanagement.

ADVANCE-ON is a follow up project that will examine the longer term effects ofintensive blood glucose lowering. It was suggested that inconclusive results acrossthe four major studies could be due to insufficient follow-up of patients. With thisin mind, ADVANCE-ON will follow all 11,140 patients from ADVANCE over afurther five years, with a possible extension to ten years, to see if longer termeffects of their intensive treatment become evident.

In late 2008, the Institute was awarded an AU$12 million program grant fromAustralia’s National Health and Medical Research Council. This grant will underpinmany of the Institute’s research projects investigating the best ways to prevent andtreat cardiovascular disease, kidney disease and other major chronic conditions inAustralia, such as stroke.

Informing changes in practice and policyThe George Institute is committed to working with partners in countriesthat are facing particularly large increases in the burden of cardiovasculardisease. CPACS (Clinical Pathways for Acute Coronary Syndromes),completed in 2006, was a study of existing practices in Chinesehospitals for managing acute coronary syndrome. A follow-upstudy, CPACS 2, is using the data from CPACS to develop,implement and evaluate a clinical pathway for managing thiscondition – something that has never been done in China.Around 8,000 patients have been recruited to the study.

In conjunction with Australian cardiologists at ConcordHospital, the Institute is working on CONCORDANCE(Cooperative National Registry of Acute Coronary Care,Guideline Adherence, And Clinical Events), a studydesigned to create a national registry of coronary care. Atpresent, there is poor monitoring of how hospitals care forcoronary patients (e.g. how closely treatment guidelines arefollowed, how long patients are in intensive care). This study aimsto create a national register to encourage uniform, high-qualitycare of patients in hospital. CONCORDANCE will initially beconducted in 15 hospitals in Australia, and will include a focuson Indigenous patients in Darwin, Alice Springs, Coffs Harbourand Dubbo.

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LOOKING FORWARDADVANCE-ON – Begin follow-up ofpatients in early 2010.

CONCORDANCE – Continuerecruitment for next 2-3 years.

CPACS 2 – Continue to recruitpatients, with anticipated total of15,000 by 2011.

Electronic Decision Support Tool –Further develop an electronic decisionsupport tool that integratescardiovascular risk factors withmultiple Australian guidelines toprovide individualised treatmentrecommendations (see p. 25).

Polypill – Trial a four-drug polypillfor treating cardiovascular disease(see p. 24).

CARDIOVASCULARDISEASE

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of illness and premature death in the world, and by2015 an estimated 20 million people will die from conditions such as heart attack and stroke eachyear. In only ten years, The George Institute has made a name internationally in this field,particularly due to ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease) – the largest study of itstype ever conducted. The Cardiovascular Division conducts world-leading research into cardiovasculardisease, and aims to inform changes in clinical practice and government policy.

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Discovering the risks for kidney diseaseHigh-profile studies on kidney disease released in 2008 explored the role ofproteinuria as a risk factor for heart disease and stroke. This included a meta-analysis of published studies to reveal proteinuria as a strong and independent riskfactor.

Various studies have suggested that increased kidney dialysis may benefit patients.ACTIVE Dialysis is a new controlled study examining whether increasing thenumber of hours of dialysis (from the standard 18 hours per week to 24 hours andhigher) reduces mortality rates among these patients. ACTIVE Dialysis has receivedfunding from Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council, andrecruitment has begun.

An audit of chronic kidney disease among IndigenousAustraliansKidney disease and other chronic conditions are a serious concern in Aboriginalcommunities. Kanyini is a series of studies and programs that, in early 2009,involved an audit of chronic disease prevention and management in the Indigenousprimary care sector (see p. 10).

Researchers also recently released findings of IMPAKT (Improving IndigenousPatient Access to Kidney Transplantation), an interview-based study of Indigenouspatients receiving dialysis at more than 20 renal units in urban, rural and remoteareas. The research found that many Indigenous patients with kidney disease areconfused, frustrated and poorly informed about theirillness.

Investigating lifestyle factors andchronic diseaseMany people are unaware of the effects ofsmoking and alcohol consumption on bowelcancer. Research into these effects has foundthat people who consume large quantities ofalcohol (more than seven drinks aweek) have a 60% greater riskof developing bowel cancer ascompared to non-drinkers. Thisstudy should have majorimplications, as more than halfa million people worldwide dieeach year from bowel cancer.

The Institute also plays a strongpublic advocacy role in order toeducate the public on nutritionand lifestyle matters and informgovernment policy. In particular,AWASH (the Australian Division ofWorld Action on Salt and Health) hasmade some major advances in reducingsalt in food manufacturing (see p. 28).

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RENAL AND METABOLICCONDITIONS

Why do people get kidney disease? Why does it lead to such negative outcomes? What role dolifestyle factors such as obesity and smoking have in chronic disease? And what can we do aboutit? In addition to answering questions such as these, the Renal and Metabolic Division focuses onprevention strategies for kidney disease and its many complications, and addresses contributingrisk factors to chronic disease such as obesity and smoking, previously under-taken by the Nutritionand Lifestyle Division.

LOOKING FORWARD4CKD/4Nations – Analyse access tocare and health outcomes usingnational registry data sets fromAustralia, New Zealand, Canada andthe US.

Asia Pacific Cohort StudiesCollaboration (APCSC) – Continue todevelop evidence on determinants ofstroke, coronary disease and otherimportant outcomes in Asia-Pacificpopulations.

Cardiovascular Outcomes inChronic Kidney Disease – Conduct asuite of systematic reviews to definethe effectiveness of a range ofinterventions.

Erthropoietin Stimulating AgentTriallists’ Collaboration – Define thebenefits and harms of this class ofagents in people with kidney disease.

Kanyini Vascular Collaboration –Continue evaluating chronic diseasemanagement nationally; conductpolypill trial (see p. 10).

Obesity in Asia – Continue toexamine links between obesity andcardiovascular risk factors in Asia-Pacific populations.

Randomised Evaluation of Normalvs. Augmented Level of renalreplacement therapy in ICU(RENAL) – Finalise this study intoeffects of varying doses of dialysis.

Study of Heart and RenalProtection (SHARP) – Continue toconduct this randomised controlledtrial on cholesterol lowering outcomesin chronic kidney disease, with 9,348patients worldwide.

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Revealing the financial implications of strokeThe Division addresses stroke on many fronts, particularly where it is felt thatresearch has traditionally been lacking. In particular, there has been a focus onbuilding stroke research evidence and expertise in China. The ChinaQUEST (QUalityEvaluation of Stroke Care and Treatment) study, released in early 2009, examinedthe implications of stroke for patients and their families. It found that over 70%of stroke survivors experience a catastrophic impact on their financial situation,with one-third pushed below the poverty line. The results, published recently inthe prestigious journal Stroke, support measures such as bolstering healthinsurance in China.

Promising results set to save livesICH (intracerebral haemorrhage) is one of the most serious types of stroke, yetthere is uncertainty about the role of surgery in ICH, and in particular the effectsof blood pressure lowering in the acute phase. Building on the INTERACT (IntensiveBlood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial) feasibility trial, theInstitute has now launched INTERACT2, a randomised controlled trial designed todetermine the efficacy of intensive blood pressure lowering duringICH in reducing death and ongoing dependency in 2,800 patientsrecruited from over 100 sites in multiple countries around theworld.

Treating the rise of sleep apneaSAVE (Sleep Apnea cardioVascular Endpoints) is another China-Australia collaborative study. Its aim is to establish the benefitsof treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients who areat high risk of cardiovascular events. In collaboration with theAdelaide Institute for Sleep Health, SAVE is investigating thecontinuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) method of treatment,and will involve over 6,000 patients from Australia, New Zealand,China, India and other countries around the world.

A new collaborative initiative supporting research and practice insleep medicine – the Centre for Clinical Research Excellence forInterdisciplinary Sleep Health (CCRE) – received funding fromAustralia’s National Health and Medical Research Council of AU$2.5million for five years. This initiative has an emphasis on interdisciplinarywork, drawing together experts and trainees from a range of fields. Theultimate aim is to translate key research findings into areas such as roadsafety policy, management of OSA and insomnia, and regulation ofshiftwork.

Understanding the impact of epilepsyEpilepsy places a considerable burden on individuals and their families, yetit is a neglected area of medical research. SEISMIC (Sydney EpilepsyIncidence Study to Measure Illness Consequences) is the first Australianpopulation-based study to examine the epidemiology of epilepsy in thiscountry. This three-year study is examining the impact of epilepsy onquality of life, mental health, household finances and other factorsamong approximately 500 patients in Sydney. The pilot phase hasnow been successfully completed, and recruitment continues.

LOOKING FORWARDAustralian Stroke Clinical Registry(AuSCR) – Develop Australia’s firstnationwide stroke registry incollaboration with bodies such as theNational Stroke Research Institute, theNational Stroke Foundation and theStroke Society of Australia.

CHERISH (China EpidemiologyResearch in SubarachnoidHaemorrhage) – Commencedrecruitment of patients into apopulation-based study of theincidence, risk factors, managementand outcome of subarachnoidhaemorrhage, a serious form of strokedue to bleeding around the brain, inInner Mongolia.

INTERACT2 – Continue to recruit,aiming for 2,800 patients at 140centres worldwide.

POISE (Psychosocial Outcomes inStroke) – Continue with this studyof the effects of stroke on youngerpeople (<65 years).

SEISMIC – Continue recruitmentand interviewing of patients.

NEUROLOGICAL ANDMENTAL HEALTH

Disorders of the human body’s most sensitive instrument – the brain – include stroke, sleep apneaand epilepsy, which are the key areas of research for the Neurological and Mental Health Division.The Division aims to reduce the worldwide burden of neurological and mental health disorders byevaluating current knowledge and strategies, conducting major research studies, and developingnew strategies to influence how medicine is practised in this field.

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Protecting young driversDRIVE, a major study of young drivers, provided landmark results in 2009. Thisstudy involved surveying 20,822 P-platers in NSW, Australia, linking responses topolice records. The first results were published mid-2009, focusing on differencesin the likelihood of crashes among young people in urban and rural areas. Ruraldrivers were found to be more likely to be involved in single (as opposed tomultiple) vehicle crashes than urban drivers. The authors recommended measuresto reduce single vehicle crashes in rural areas, including controlling speeding andreviewing road design. More results will be released throughout 2009 and 2010.

Investigating road safety for even younger road users, researchers have establisheda new study for pre-school children. Buckle Up Safely is an educational programdesigned to increase use of appropriate child restraints in cars and decrease misuseof these restraints. It builds on an existing Roads and Traffic Authority of NSWfunded program in Australia, and works not only with children but with parentsand pre-school staff.

In keeping with The George Institute, China’s focus, the Division has been workingon the China Novice Driver study. This randomised controlled trial of 250 driversin Beijing is examining the value of training newly licensed drivers in ‘real world’traffic conditions through a specific training program. If the training is shown tobe effective, funding will be sought for a larger trial across China.

World first Indigenous road safety researchThere is a dire lack of knowledge about licensing, travel habitsand road crashes among Indigenous Australians. TheIndigenous Road Safety pilot study aims to address this. It ispiloting methods for generating such statistics, with a view toconducting a larger study. Collaborating with Aboriginal

communities has been a central part ofthe process. Researchers are alsoplanning to conduct the firstevaluation of alcohol interventions

on Indigenous road safety. In March2009, take-away alcohol restrictions

were introduced in Bourke, NSW.The study will evaluate the

impact of these restrictionson road-related

injuries in the community. This will involvecollecting data from police and hospital records, aswell as conducting interviews with community members andother key stakeholders.

LOOKING FORWARDAlcohol Intervention onIndigenous Road Safety – Developstudy protocols.

Buckle Up Safely – Developeducational material and recruitparticipants for randomised trial.

China Novice Driver study –Complete the pilot study, publishresults and submit grant proposals forlarge-scale trial.

DRIVE study – Continue to analysedata and publish results.

GEAR study – Conduct follow-upsurveys for this study of motorcycleprotective clothing.

Heavy Vehicle study – Develop thisnew study on effects of fatigue andother factors on heavy vehicle crashes.

Indigenous Road Safety pilot –Focus groups conducted; startconducting a cross-sectional survey.

Northern Territory Road SafetyResearch – Continue this project togenerate strategic road policy advicefor the Northern TerritoryGovernment.

Policy Pathways – Publish results ofthis study into the main influences onnovice driver policy.

Vietnam studies – Continue twoVietnam-based studies, one onnational mortality reporting and oneon cost of injury.

INJURYPREVENTION

The Injury Division conducts high-quality research into the causes, prevention and treatment ofvarious kinds of injury, taking a public health approach to injury prevention. Most work in thepast year has been in two areas – young driver safety and Indigenous road safety. Injuryresearchers have also developed a program of research in low and middle-income countriesincluding China, India and Vietnam.

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Rethinking back painThe Division published a study in late 2008, in the British Medical Journal, onrecovery from low back pain. It found that recovery is much slower than previouslythought, and even slower for people on compensation for work-related pain. Thismajor study (973 patients) found that while most patients returned to work withinthree months, nearly one-third had not recovered from their disability and pain by12 months. With current treatment guidelines presuming shorter recovery periodsthan this, it is anticipated that the study will shape future guidelines.

Another of the Division’s major initiatives was to provide the first robust evidenceon the risk of recurrence of back pain. In a study involving 1,334 patientspresenting with acute back pain, it was established that about 25% suffer arecurrence within one year. Again, there are implications for clinical practice, withguidelines typically silent on the problem of recurrence.

Preventing falls in an ageing populationFalls can be devastating for older people, yet there is little reliable evidence oneffective methods for reducing falls. A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trialsfound that exercise can prevent falls, particularly if it includes exercises challengingbalance. It is anticipated the study will have direct effects on industry practice andon hospital and aged care admissions. It should prompt aged care service providersto implement falls prevention programs.

Pain and self management through Tai ChiThere has long been anecdotal evidence of Tai Chi’s benefits forarthritis, and a study by the musculoskeletalresearchers now confirms elements of whatpeople have thought. The study involved theanalysis of data from randomised controlled trialson a range of international databases. While thefindings were positive on the benefits of Tai Chi, the researchersfound that the data is sparse and derived principally from low-quality studies, and that the positive effects, while evident, weresmall. Researchers will now investigate the effects of Tai Chi onlower back pain.

Stretching to prevent injuryWe all see people stretching prior to sport, but does it reallyprevent injury? Surprisingly there is little evidence on thisissue. The Stretching study set out to test this common belief,and found that stretching does not reduce the overall risk ofinjury but does reduce specific types of injuries (to muscles,tendons and ligaments). It also found that people whostretch have about 8% less chance of experiencingsoreness. The researchers give the following pragmaticadvice: ’If you like stretching, the findings of this studysupport the decision to stretch. However, you shouldnot expect large effects of stretching.’

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LOOKING FORWARDParacetamol study – Initiate astudy to investigate use of everydayparacetamol in treating back pain.

PEDro (Physiotherapy EvidenceDatabase) – Continue to developthis resource, a free internet-baseddatabase of evidence forphysiotherapy interventions(see p. 26).

Tai Chi study – Extend the study toexamine tai chi’s benefits for chroniclower back pain.

Whiplash study – Initiate this studyinto long-term neck pain after injury.

Contracture and Back Pain –Continue to progress a range ofcurrent studies.

MUSCULOSKELETALMANAGEMENT

Simple and effective treatments delivered well – this is the ultimate goal of the MusculoskeletalDivision’s work. To achieve this, the Division develops and rigorously evaluates new approaches tothe primary care management of musculoskeletal conditions, and promotes innovation and aninterdisciplinary approach. Musculoskeletal research at the Institute has three themes: back pain,ageing and muscle contracture.

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Intensively lowering blood glucose levels in critically illpatients increases the risk of death by 10%This stark finding is the outcome of NICE-SUGAR (Normoglycemia in Intensive CareEvaluation and Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation), the largest trial of itstype ever conducted, with 6,100 patients in Australia, New Zealand and NorthAmerica. The results, published in early 2009 in The New England Journal ofMedicine, highlight an urgent need to review international guidelines for bloodpressure lowering in critical care. With the unprecedented size and quality of thisstudy, practitioners should see almost immediate benefits flowing to their patients.

Now that NICE-SUGAR has been completed, the Division is shifting its focus to itsnext major randomised controlled trial, CHEST (Crystalloid vs Hydroxy-Ethyl StarchTrial). This trial will involve around 7,000 patients, comparing the effects of twointravenous fluid solutions – starch/saline and saline alone – on mortality of criticallyill patients. Importantly, the study has been endorsed by the Australian and NewZealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Clinical Trials Group, meaning that findingsshould have a direct impact on the practices of intensive care specialists in Australiaand New Zealand.

Saving lives in intensive care settingsCritical care and trauma researchers at the Institute areinvolved in a number of follow-up studies of major trialsconducted in recent years. Chief among these is SAFE (Salinevs. Albumin Fluid Evaluation), completed in 2007, which hasbeen internationally recognised as a landmark study inintensive care management. Assessing the effects ofalbumin and saline as resuscitation fluids,researchers have embarked on a number offollow-up studies. These include the SAFE TRIPS(Translating Research Into Practice Study) study,looking at treatment trends across countries. TheSAFE Sepsis study is looking at a subgroup ofpatients who have severe sepsis and assessing whattype of resuscitation works best among this group. TheSAFE TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury) study results wererecently published, confirming that the choice ofresuscitation fluids affects the chances of patients withbrain injury surviving.

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LOOKING FORWARDCHEST – Begin recruitment ofprojected 7,000 patients.

China Trauma Collaboration –Continue involvement in thisinternational initiative to establishsystematic ways of studying traumacare practice across China.

IITTC (Intensive Insulin TherapyTriallists’ Collaboration) – Follow upfindings of NICE-SUGAR with a studyof tight glucose control of critically illpatients.

mTBI (mild Traumatic Brain Injury)– Complete this study of injury andrecovery following mild TBI in rugbyunion players.

Point Prevalence Program –Continue this study on evidence-basedprocesses in intensive care units inAustralia and New Zealand.

RATTS (Retrospective Analysis ofTrauma Transfers) – Continue thisstudy on adherence to traumabypass protocols by theAmbulance Service of NSW.

CRITICAL CAREAND TRAUMA

Intensive care specialists must make decisions quickly and accurately. The program of researchwithin the Critical Care and Trauma Division endeavours to make sure that these decisions aresupported by reliable research evidence. This is achieved by conducting high-quality research thatwill inform international clinical guidelines. The Division is focused on all aspects of managingcritically ill patients, from pre-hospital care to long-term recovery, in addition to managingtraumatic injury.

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RESEARCH WITHGLOBAL REACH

It maintains a key research focusin Australia, China and India.

THE INSTITUTE HAS CONSIDERABLE GLOBAL REACH THROUGH ITS

CENTRE FOR HEALTH CARE INNOVATION 24

POLYPILL: FOUR IN ONE 24

A NEW WAY TO DIAGNOSECARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS 25

ONLINE INNOVATION FORPHYSIOTHERAPISTS 26

IMAGE OF INNOVATION TO HELP

TREAT HEART DISEASE 26

INNOVATION IN HEALTH ECONOMICS 26

INNOVATIONAPPLYING RESEARCH FINDINGS TO ENACT CHANGE

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POLYPILL: FOUR IN ONEMany of the 3.5 million Australians with cardiovascular disease, or otherwise athigh risk of future heart attack or stroke, are on medicine regimens that areeffective, but potentially costly and confusing. Frequently, the complete appropriateregimen of treatment is not prescribed to such patients, and difficulty inmaintaining multiple medications can lead to people not taking prescribed drugs.In fact, about 60% of cardiovascular deaths in the community occur in thesepatients, suggesting that effective strategies that reduce this treatment ‘gap’ couldhave a major impact. Yet new effective strategies in this area are lacking.

Reducing cost and complexityThe George Institute is conducting one of the world’s first randomised controlledtrials of a polypill, containing four drugs in one pill, for preventing cardiovasculardisease. Combining these drugs has two major potential benefits:

Reducing cost – With only one pill to buy, the ongoing financial burden oftreatment may be greatly reduced. The polypill also uses reliable, provengeneric drugs to reduce the cost of manufacture and therefore further reducethe purchase price. At a patient and national level, this could translate tomajor cost savings.

Reducing complexity – For patients, the simplicity of taking just one pill maymake this treatment simple to take. For practitioners, there may be reducedcomplexity in drug selection. The availability of all indicated drugs for thispatient population in a single polypill may therefore serve to fill some of thegaps in treatment that currently exist.

A total of 1,000 people at multiple centres in Australia will participate in the trial.In keeping with The George Institute’s commitment to improving the health ofIndigenous Australians, who have very high rates of cardiovascular disease, more

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CENTRE FOR HEALTH CARE INNOVATIONGlobal health care innovationThe George Institute is working with the University of Oxford and the United KingdomGovernment on a new model for systematic innovation in health care, involvingresearchers, health decision-makers and clinicians. In this model all the links in thehealth chain – hospitals, community health centres, medical research institutes,universities and health care businesses – will be integrated around a national centrewhich ensures government and community priorities are translated into research thatinforms strong policy and practice.

Innovation in AustraliaThe George Institute plans to establish a Centre for Health Care Innovation inAustralia. Such a centre would be devoted to essential health care, particularly forcommon chronic and complex diseases in disadvantaged populations such asIndigenous communities. The Centre would be underpinned by innovative health carestrategies to support health reform in Australia. It would draw together key membersof the health community, such as general practitioners and nurses, as well as expertsin a range of disciplines within both the medical and social sciences.

The Centre will drive a research agenda in which the majority of funding targets thequestions of greatest relevance and importance to the community, with a focus onhealth care delivery rather than big biology. It will be a place where new ideas arefostered and debated, strategies are implemented, and the quality and cost-effectiveness of health care initiatives are reliably assessed. Few such centres existanywhere in the world, and therefore this concept gives Australia a chance to take thelead in this area of global relevance.

If you ask any governmentminister or hospital directorwhat they would like to seefor the health care sector,they would no doubt suggest‘improve the quality andsafety of care’, yet wouldmost likely add, ‘while savingmoney’. The only way tosatisfy these seeminglyopposing requirements isthrough innovation. Trulyinnovative ideas can wipeaway years of unproductivepractices and inspire peopleto produce more than theythought possible.

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than half of the trial group will be drawn from Indigenous communities.Recruitment of patients for the trial is to begin by the end of 2009, and the studywill take three years to complete. The George Institute holds great hopes for thepotential role of the polypill. While by no means seen as a ’panacea’ for theprevention of cardiovascular disease, for most disadvantaged communities theprospect of a polypill holds considerable promise for helping people at greatest risk.

A NEW WAY TO DIAGNOSECARDIOVASCULARPROBLEMSIn a 10-minute consultation it is often difficult for general practitioners (GPs) toassess and advise a patient on the full range of cardiovascular risk factors that mayaffect them. There are at least 10 clinical guidelines for GPs to consider forcardiovascular care alone. To help GPs make sense of these multiple elements, TheGeorge Institute has piloted an electronic decision support (EDS) tool for improvedidentification and management of cardiovascular conditions.

The EDS tool works like this: the GP willopen the tool as part of their usualmedical software, and the tool willautomatically extract as much informationas possible from the patient’s healthrecord. Following the consultation, the GPcan add any new information, then thetool calculates the patient’s overall risk ofa heart attack or stroke over the next fiveyears. It also synthesises information fromall relevant guidelines to provide tailoredmanagement advice specific to thepatient’s circumstances.

What makes this tool unique is that it notonly assesses the various risk factors butprovides direct treatment advice to the GP.Printed in colour with easy-to-followcharts and arrows, the output from thetool also makes it easier for patients tounderstand their risks and see what actionthey should take. One of the hidden

benefits of the EDS tool is that it can prompt a ‘shift in thinking’ for GPs andpatients. Traditionally, if a patient has no observable signs of a risk such as highblood pressure, they would not be treated for this. But this tool brings in manyother factors (e.g. smoking, diabetes) to highlight underlying needs (e.g. to addressthe patient’s blood pressure level).

The EDS tool underwent validation testing at The George Clinic at Royal PrinceAlfred Hospital. Following this it was pilot-tested with 200 patients and 21 GPs atthree locations in Sydney – eight general practices and three Aboriginal MedicalServices. There were some suggestions from GPs for improving the format, butoverall the EDS tool was viewed favourably by both GPs and patients. The resultsof this innovative initiative are to be published in late 2009, and it is anticipatedthat a larger study will follow.

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ONLINE INNOVATION FORPHYSIOTHERAPISTS

The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) was established in 1999 to giveimmediate access to high quality clinical research about the effects of physiotherapytreatments. PEDro is a searchable database on the internet – www.pedro.org.au –and is used by physiotherapists and other health professionals, health servicefunders, and consumers.

PEDro differs from all other available evidence databases in that all trials on thedatabase are independently assessed for quality using widely accepted criteria.These ratings are used to quickly guide users to trials that are more likely to bevalid and to contain sufficient information to guide clinical practice. The Instituteplans to secure funding to continue the innovation of PEDro and its consumerversion, Physiotherapy Choices, which are accessed all over the world.

IMAGE OF INNOVATION TOHELP TREAT HEARTDISEASEThe Institute is looking at new ways to use ultrasound for treating heart disease.Echocardiography has great potential, including expanding from a two-dimensional

image to that of a 3D image, which could produce more effective imagesfor accurate analysis. The aim is to use imaging to develop more direct

clinical research and build this into some of the larger studies atthe Institute. At this stage, funding has been sought for this

major initiative and it is anticipated that in the coming year itwill come to fruition. The initiative is planned in partnershipwith other academic partners.

INNOVATION IN HEALTHECONOMICSThe George Institute received an AU$1.8million grant from Australia’s NationalHealth and Medical Research Council in late 2008 to fund an innovative healtheconomics program that will bring together a range of collaborators including theSchool of Public Health at the University of Sydney and the Menzies Centre forHealth Policy. The program is designed to build capacity in health economicsresearch and will enable a health economics perspective to be applied to a rangeof research programs undertaken through these collaborating centres. Four mainareas are included:

1. Economic evaluation and utility-based quality of life measurements

2. Health systems development and evaluation

3. Household economic impact of illness

4. Policy engagement

The program started work in early 2009 and will support a number of scholarshipsin addition to training and development of research fellows at the collaboratingcentres.

IMPACT ON POLICY AND PRACTICE 28

GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS 30

IMPACTRESEARCH THAT GUIDES CRITICAL HEALTH DECISIONS

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IMPACT ON POLICY AND PRACTICE

Following the varied results of four major studies on the effects of intensive bloodglucose lowering among patients with type 2 diabetes, the Institute has establishedthe CONTROL (Collaborators on Trials of Lowering Glucose) group to provide morecomprehensive answers to questions raised and to help inform internationalguidelines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. This collaborative initiative involvesinvestigators from the four studies, including the Institute’s flagship study,ADVANCE. An initial meta-analysis of these results are due to be published inDiabetologia in late 2009 and will help inform international guidelines.

Within Australia, the Institute is working with the Baker IDI Heart and DiabetesInstitute on the National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for type2 diabetes. This will include a review of the latest evidence to inform guidelines onlipid and blood pressure management, macrovascular and foot disease. The newguidelines will be released in 2010.

Eating salt is a leading cause of the progressive rise of blood pressure aspopulations age. High blood pressure is a major contributor to heart disease andstroke worldwide. As part of their ‘Drop the Salt!’ Campaign to reduce salt in foodsand work with the Australian food industry, a Food Industry Salt Reduction Strategywas released in July 2008 by AWASH (Australian Division of World Action on Saltand Health). As a direct result, the number of Australian food companiescommitted to reducing salt in their products has doubled to 20, including Coles,Unilever, Smith’s Snackfood Company, Bakers Delight, McDonald’s, Oporto andYum! Restaurants which have each developed detailed action plans.

Following extensive media coverage on salt in fast foods generated by AWASH,Yum! Restaurants in Australia (KFC and Pizza Hut) has cited AWASH as the reasonfor a 10% reduction in the salt content across its products. See p. 17 for moreinformation on AWASH.

Results of the landmark intensive care research study, SAFE TBI, showed that thechoice of resuscitation fluids affects the chance of patients with brain injurysurviving. These findings (reported in 2007) will form the development (in late2009) of a clinical algorithm for the management of severe brain injury as part ofthe International Brain Trauma Foundation, a global organisation that improvesthe outcome of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) patients by producing internationalguidelines.

Recent results, published in The New England Journal of Medicine of the largeintensive care study NICE-SUGAR showed intensively lowering blood glucose levelsin critically ill patients increases the risk of death by 10%. These results call for anurgent review of international guidelines for blood pressure lowering, and will formthe basis of recommendations for the review of clinical guidelines and managementstrategies in 2010 for several specialist groups, including the International BrainTrauma Foundation.

Researchers provided input into absolute risk assessment guidelines in Australia, foruse by general practitioners, Aboriginal health workers, other primary care healthprofessionals and physicians, when assessing the risk of cardiovascular disease inadults without known cardiovascular disease. The recommendations to theNational Vascular Disease Prevention Alliance are intended to provide health systempolicy makers with the best available evidence on the assessment of absolutecardiovascular risk, as a basis for population health policy.

INFORMING TREATMENTS FORPATIENTS WITH TYPE 2DIABETES

STRATEGIES FOR REDUCINGPOPULATION SALT INTAKE

SALINE OR ALBUMIN FOR FLUIDRESUSCITATION IN PATIENTSWITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

INTENSIVE BLOOD GLUCOSEMANAGEMENT IN INTENSIVECARE PATIENTS

GUIDELINES FOR THEASSESSMENT OF ABSOLUTECARDIOVASCULAR DISEASERISK

IMPACTOUTPUT

The George Institute is committed to producing high-quality, high-impact research evidence to inform policy,guidelines and practices across the world. In 2008/2009, the Institute completed a series of research programs thatwill impact on chronic disease and injury treatment and prevention globally.

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Injury research experts at the Institute are part of the expert advisory panelproviding advice to the World Health Organization’s Director General on injury-related issues. In 2009 the World Report on Child Injury Prevention included keyevidence for the effectiveness of isolation pool fencing. This particularly highlightedresearch showing an almost 2-fold increased risk of a child drowning in a 3-sidedversus 4-sided fenced swimming pool. Recommendations included legislation,regulations and enforcement of four-sided pool fencing.

The first series of results from the largest study of young drivers ever undertaken,the DRIVE study, were released in mid-2009. These results found that there weresignificant crash differences between rural and urban drivers. Rural drivers werefound to be more likely to be involved in a single vehicle crash than urban drivers.Single vehicle crashes are more likely to result in serious injury and fatality. Theauthors recommend that interventions to reduce single vehicle crashes should aimto address key issues affecting such crashes, including speeding and specificaspects of road geometry. These results will inform future young driver interventionand policy development.

Compiled in conjunction with Prince of Wales Hospital and the Prince of WalesMedical Research Institute, this report shows the benefits of exercise in preventingfalls in older populations. The report recommends highly challenging balancetraining to prevent falls in community settings, and details what an effectiveprogram should entail. This report was prepared for the Sax Institute which aimsto build partnerships between researchers, health policy and service deliveryagencies for better health in NSW, Australia.

Specific chapters of the Australian Falls Prevention Guidelines are under reviewfrom musculoskeletal researchers at the Institute to incorporate the latest evidenceand practice. The guidelines are designed to inform clinical practice and assisthospitals and residential aged care facilities develop and implement practices toreduce falls and the harm sustained in falls. The updated guidelines and supportmaterials are expected to be available by late 2009 from the Australian Commissionon Safety and Quality in Health Care Falls Guidelines.

EXPERT ADVISORY PANELON VIOLENCE AND INJURYPREVENTION, WORLD HEALTHORGANIZATION AND UNICEF:WORLD REPORT ON CHILDINJURY PREVENTION

RECOMMENDATIONS TOSUPPORT YOUNG DRIVERSAFETY

BEST PRACTICERECOMMENDATIONS FORPHYSICAL ACTIVITY TOPREVENT FALLS IN OLDERADULTS

FALLS PREVENTIONGUIDELINES

OUTPUT IMPACT CONTINUED

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Recognising that the architecture of Australia’s existingnational innovation system is now a generation old, theInstitute welcomed the consideration of medicalresearch as a key strength and source of innovationwithin Australia. Recommendations included increasingfunding of research, research training and researchinfrastructure to support Australia’s medical researchinstitutes. Submitted September 2008.

The Institute prepared two submissions regarding thisdiscussion paper. The first outlined the role of obesityand its relationship as a risk factor for major chronicdiseases, emphasising the need for reliable, large-scaleevidence about the efficacy and safety of the strategiesfor population-wide weight loss.

The second highlighted the the need for an effectivenational strategy for the control of population bloodpressure, particularly that of salt reduction. Thisrecommendation called on the Taskforce to urgently adddietary salt reduction for the prevention of bloodpressure-related diseases to its list of priorities, and toseek the financial support required to implement aneffective centralised salt reduction program. SubmittedJanuary 2009.

Australia’s first National Primary Health Care Strategywas tabled for discussion in early 2009. In response tothis, the Institute recommended that seriousconsideration should be given to establishing a nationalhealth care innovation initiative. Such a centre wouldprovide the expertise and infrastructure necessary todeliver timely and reliable evidence to guide health carepolicy development and support its appropriateimplementation (see p. 24). Submitted February 2009.

Recommendations on developing a long-term healthreform plan for Australia included adopting a rigorousresearch framework to provide decision-makers withirrefutable evidence about the impact of policy changeon critical outcomes such as death, disability andhospital utilisation. The submission highlighted thathealth reforms should be accompanied by a newresearch framework that will ensure that the effects ofreform are reliably measured. Submitted March 2009.

Recommendationon the Review ofthe NationalInnovation System

Recommendationon the discussionpaper Australia:The HealthiestCountry by 2020

Recommendationon the PreventativeHealth Taskforce:Towards a NationalPrimary Health CareStrategy

Recommendationon the NationalHealth and HospitalReform: A HealthierFuture for AllAustralians

AUSTRALIAN DEPARTMENTOF INNOVATION, INDUSTRY,SCIENCE AND RESEARCH

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENTPREVENTATIVE HEALTHTASKFORCE

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENTPREVENTATIVE HEALTHTASKFORCE

AUSTRALIAN GOVERNMENTNATIONAL HEALTH ANDHOSPITAL REFORMCOMMISSION

DESCRIPTIONRECOMMENDATION MADE TO REPORT TITLE

The Institute also submitted several policy and practice recommendations to health, medical, science and researchrelated government departments in Australia.

GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

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GEORGE EXPERTISEORGANISATION CHART

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The George Instituteas at 30 June 2009

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THE GEORGE INSTITUTE’S ACADEMICLEADERSThe Institute’s academic leadership is core to it success. Apart from its established leaders (see below), many ofwhom are globally recognised, the Institute is an ‘incubator’ for the leading scientists of the future.

PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR Professor Stephen MacMahon

Stephen is Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and Epidemiology at the Universityof Sydney and Honorary Consultant Epidemiologist at the Royal Prince AlfredHospital in Sydney. He has led many pivotal studies of new treatments forcardiovascular disease, diabetes and other common conditions. Stephen haspublished more than 250 scientific papers in many of the world’s most prestigiousjournals including The New England Journal of Medicine and The Lancet. He holdsHonorary Professorships at Peking University Health Science Center and theUniversity of Auckland Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences.

PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR Professor Robyn Norton

Robyn is Professor of Public Health and Associate Dean (Global Health) within theFaculties of Health at the University of Sydney. She holds an Honorary Professorshipat Peking University Health Science Center, and is an Honorary ConsultantEpidemiologist at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital. Robyn is Chair of the RoadTraffic Injuries Research Network (RTIRN), an initiative supported by the GlobalForum for Health Research, the World Health Organization and the World Bank.

SENIOR DIRECTOR Professor John Chalmers AC

John is Head of the Professorial Unit at The George Institute and Emeritus Professorof Medicine at the University of Sydney and Flinders University. His ground-breakingresearch on the role of the brain in the development of hypertension helpedestablish Flinders as a leading international centre in hypertension research andneuroscience. His later studies on high blood pressure and the prevention of heartattack and stroke have influenced the treatment of countless patients worldwide.His work has been recognised through admission to the Australian Academy ofScience, and awarding of the Wellcome Medal, the Volhard Medal of theInternational Society of Hypertension, and the Zanchetti Award of the EuropeanSociety of Hypertension.

SENIOR DIRECTOR Professor Mark Stevenson

Mark is a Professor in the Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney, aNational Health and Medical Research Council Fellow and an Honorary Professorat the Peking University Health Science Center. A world leader in his field, Mark hasextensive research experience in road trauma and public health. Mark regularlyadvises on issues such as driver distraction, childhood injury and road safety in lowand middle-income countries, including advising WHO, UNICEF and the SwedishInternational Development Agency. Mark is a member of the Australasian TraumaSociety and a Lifetime Fellow of the Australasian College of Road Safety.

SENIOR DIRECTOR Professor Bruce Neal

Bruce is Professor of Medicine at the University of Sydney and Chair of theAustralian Division of World Action on Salt and Health (AWASH). Bruce completedhis medical training at Bristol University, UK and prior to working at the Institutein 1999, he worked as an epidemiologist at the Clinical Trials Research Unit inAuckland, New Zealand. Bruce is a Fellow of the UK Royal College of Physiciansand the American Heart Association. He is also a member of the Executive Councilof the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia and the Council of theInternational Society of Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention.

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EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, THE GEORGE INSTITUTE, CHINAProfessor WU Yangfeng

Yangfeng is the Executive Associate Director of the Clinical Research Institute atPeking University Health Science Center and Professor of Epidemiology at theDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Peking University School ofPublic Health. Professor WU has made valuable contributions reducing the impactof cardiovascular disease in the region thanks to his previous work at theCardiovascular Institute, Fu Wai Hospital, and the WHO Collaboration Center inCardiovascular Disease Prevention, Control and Research in China, and his currentwork at Peking University.

ACTING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, THE GEORGE INSTITUTE, INDIAAssociate Professor Anushka Patel

Anushka is Associate Professor with the Sydney Medical School at the Universityof Sydney and a Staff Specialist in the Department of Cardiology at Royal PrinceAlfred Hospital. She completed her undergraduate medical training at theUniversity of Queensland in 1989, and her training in cardiology (leading toFellowship of the Royal Australian College of Physicians) in 1998. She has a Masterof Science degree in Epidemiology from Harvard University and a PhD in Medicinefrom the University of Sydney. Anushka also currently holds a five-year NationalHeart Foundation of Australia Career Development Fellowship.

ACTING DIRECTOR, CARDIOVASCULAR Dr Fiona Turnbull

Fiona is a Senior Lecturer with the Sydney Medical School at the University ofSydney. She completed her undergraduate medical training at the University ofOtago in 1992 and her training in public health medicine (leading to Fellowship ofthe Australasian Faculty of Public Health Medicine) in 2002. She has an MPH (Hons)and a PhD in Medicine from the University of Sydney. Fiona currently holds aNational Heart Foundation of Australia Post-Doctoral Fellowship.

HEAD, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, THE GEORGE INSTITUTE, CHINAProfessor YAN Lijing

Lijing is a cardiovascular epidemiologist with a background in demography andhealth economics. She is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at the Department ofPreventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University,Chicago, and the Health Economics and Management Institute, Guanghua Schoolof Management, Peking University, Beijing. Lijing has worked extensively in theareas of chronic disease prevention and control, economic evaluations in healthcare, and integrated health management, and is lead author of over 20 peer-reviewed journal publications. She is also the principal investigator or co-investigatoron several research projects funded by the National Institutes of Health, USA, theNational Natural Sciences Foundation of China, and the Ford Foundation.

CO-DIRECTOR, RENAL AND METABOLIC Professor Alan Cass

Alan is Professor and Director of the Poche Centre for Indigenous Health in theFaculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. He is also the Inaugural Chair of theScientific Committee of the Australasian Kidney Trials Network and a leadingproponent of academic collaboration in clinical research in kidney disease. Alan isparticularly passionate about Aboriginal health and works actively with governmentsto develop strategies to improve access to renal services, and to improve healthoutcomes for people with kidney disease. Alan is an advocate for rigorous quantitativeand qualitative methods in health services research to foster the development,implementation and evaluation of strategies to address the growing burden ofcomplex chronic diseases.

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DIRECTOR, INJURY Associate Professor Rebecca Ivers

Rebecca is an Associate Professor at the University of Sydney, and directs a researchprogram which is centred on injury prevention, with a strong focus on preventionof road traffic injury. She has published widely in the field of road traffic injury, andhas recently been awarded a NSW Young Tall Poppy Award in Science and anAchievement Award from the National Health and Medical Research Council ofAustralia for her road safety research. She is an investigator on studies in a diverserange of areas, including novice drivers, Indigenous road injury, heavy vehiclecrashes and motorcycle safety in Australia, as well as projects aimed at preventinginjury in China, India and Vietnam.

DIRECTOR, MUSCULOSKELETAL Professor Chris Maher

Chris is Professor in the Sydney Medical School at the University of Sydney. He alsoholds a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia Senior ResearchFellowship. Chris leads a program of research focusing on the management ofmusculoskeletal conditions in primary care and community settings. This researchis characterised by innovation, an interdisciplinary approach and an emphasis onsimple treatments delivered well. Particularly committed to knowledge translationand health literacy, Chris has worked with local and international colleagues todevelop information technologies that deliver the best research evidence toclinicians and health consumers.

DIRECTOR, CRITICAL CARE AND TRAUMA Professor John Myburgh

John is a Professor of Medicine at The University of New South Wales, an HonoraryAdjunct Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine atMonash University, and Honorary Professor at the University of Sydney. He is leadclinician for research and senior consultant physician in the Department of IntensiveCare Medicine at the St George Hospital, Sydney. He is a foundation member andcurrent Chairman of the Clinical Trials Group of the Australian and New ZealandIntensive Care Society. He is also treasurer, research officer and senior fellowshipexaminer in the Joint Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine.

DIRECTOR, NEUROLOGICAL AND MENTAL HEALTHProfessor Craig Anderson

Craig is Professor of Stroke Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience in the Sydney MedicalSchool at the University of Sydney and the Institute of Neurosciences of Royal PrinceAlfred Hospital. Having led several major international stroke studies, Craig iswidely acknowledged as a leader in his field. He was recently awarded the RoyalPrince Alfred Research Medal for Excellence in Research. Craig is a member ofseveral specialist societies, an Editor for the Cochrane Stroke Group, and currentlyPresident of the Stroke Society of Australasia. He has published widely on theclinical and epidemiological aspects of stroke, cardiovascular disease and agedcare, and is on the Steering Committee for several large-scale research projects.

CO-DIRECTOR, RENAL AND METABOLICAssociate Professor Vlado Perkovic

Vlado is a part-time Staff Specialist in Nephrology at the Royal North Shore Hospitaland Associate Professor of Renal Medicine at the University of Sydney. He isinvolved in large-scale clinical trials and meta-analyses in kidney disease. Heconvenes the CARI Cardiovascular Guidelines Group, and is Deputy Chair of theScientific Committee of the Australasian Kidney Trials Network. His major researchinterest is in understanding both the cardiovascular risk associated with chronickidney disease and the impact of interventions that might mitigate this risk.

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35Centre for Research ManagementThe Centre for Research Management (CRM) is the ‘engine’of project, data and statistical management for all GeorgeInstitute and George Clinical studies. Managing more thanten extensive trials at any one time – at various stages ofdevelopment – the CRM is responsible for complex balancingof priorities and strict application of operational and qualitycontrol standards. The key to success for the CRM is in taking‘ownership’ of the trials in partnership with the Institute’sexpert researchers. CRM staff make research ideas come tofruition, and ensure that standard operating procedures meetthe highest of international standards.

Within the CRM, the project management team providesexpertise and guidance for research projects across theInstitute, including the coordination of resources. Thestatistics team provides advice and training while conductingmethodological research, and concentrates on improvingquality control and standardising procedures. The datamanagement team has developed standard operatingprocedures for the management of data for research projectsto assure quality and ensure that studies are conductedaccording to best practice. Going forward, the CRM willundergo a realignment of service plans as part of the globaltransition of operations at the Institute.

FinanceThe Finance Division provides financial, contractual andoperational guidance for all areas of the Institute, bothacademic and commercial. The Division provides accurateand timely financial information to enable Division Directorsand Senior Executives to make commercially sound decisions.During the past year, the Finance team guided the Institutethrough a robust and rigorous budget process, and theperformance of all Divisions of the Institute is currentlymeasured against that budget.

A financial summary and report appears from p. 44.

Information ServicesThe Information Services Division ensures that the mostvaluable, professional and relevant information technologyservices are provided to the Institute. The team provides andmaintains appropriate IT infrastructure systems and servicesto best support business and research needs.

Over the past year, the Division reviewed the implementationof systems to optimise network infrastructure and improvemonitoring. It focused on server virtualisation to achieve arange of benefits, including cost reduction and efficiencies inmaintenance and management. The service delivery for ITsupport was streamlined through a range of measures suchas creation of an online knowledge base for staff, and highavailability of business critical and clinical information systemswas ensured by establishing disaster recovery strategies.

People Strategy and AdministrationThe aim of the People Strategy Division is to support andnurture a highly skilled and motivated team. Over the last 12months, staff measures continued to be mainly positive. TheDivision made considerable input into the management ofchanges to the Centre for Research Management. Thisincluded structural, system and process changes and resultedin improved definition and clarity of roles and expectationsof the way the Centre operates. The transition also includedthe introduction of a competency framework, standardisationof systems and identification of learning needs for our people.

Administration is responsible for a range of organisationsupport services, including management of reception sites,facilities and preferred suppliers for the Institute.

Marketing and CommunicationsCharged with building the Institute’s profile with a range ofstakeholders, the Marketing and Communications Divisionmanages strategic communications, government relations, onlinecommunications, graphic design, internal communications,media relations, philanthropy and corporate partnerships.

During 2008/2009, the Division completed a major stakeholderreview, the results of which continue to inform a number ofstrategies for the Institute (see p. 6). A comprehensivegovernment relations plan was put into action, in addition toreigniting the philanthropic activities at the Institute, whichincluded a number of stakeholder events.

THE GEORGE INSTITUTE SUPPORT GROUPS

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36 CRAIG ANDERSON Royal Prince Alfred Research Medal for Excellence in Research

HISATOMI ARIMA University of Sydney Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship

ALAN CASS Appointed to NSW Aboriginal and Population Health Priority Taskforce

JOHN CHALMERS Alberto Zanchetti Life Achievement Award of the European Society of

Hypertension

Heart Foundation Research Medal for lifetime contribution to cardiovascular

research

LIZ DE ROME Appointed to the US Transportation Research Board Committee on Motorcycles

Elected to the National Executive Committee of the Australasian College of Road

Safety

WEI DU NHMRC Australia-China Exchange (Postdoctoral) Fellowship

YASMEEN EL MASRY Australian Postgraduate Awards Scholarship

JANE ELKINGTON Appointed Vice-President of Youthsafe

MARTIN GALLAGHER Australian Harkness Fellowship in Healthcare Policy

Appointed to NHMRC Guidelines Advisory Committee

RACHEL HUXLEY Heart Foundation Career Development Award

Inaugural Cardiovascular Research Network Career Development Fellowship

REBECCA IVERS NSW Young Tall Poppy Award

JAGNOOR JAGNOOR Endeavour Research Fellowship

STEPHEN JAN Appointed to NSW Aboriginal and Population Health Priority Taskforce

NICOLE LI Fogarty International Clinical Research Fellowship

CHRISTINE LIN Australian Academy of Science NHMRC Award (Early Career Researchers

Program)

STEPHEN MACMAHON Accepted the NHMRC Achievement Award for the Most Outstanding Program

Grant on behalf of The George Institute

DAVID PEIRIS Cross Cultural Public Health Research Award, University of Sydney

ANTHONY RODGERS Professorial Fellowship, University of Sydney New Appointments Scheme

CATHIE SHERRINGTON Australasian Journal on Ageing Book Award

MARK STEVENSON Australasian College of Road Safety Lifetime Fellowship

ANNE TIEDEMANN NHMRC Training (Postdoctoral) Fellowship

NGUYEN TRONG HA University of Sydney International Scholarship

FIONA TURNBULL International Society of Hypertension AstraZeneca Award

Heart Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship

JADE WEI Australian Postgraduate Award

WU YANGFENG Appointed as Editorial Committee Member for Biomedical and Environmental

Sciences Journal

SOPHIA ZOUNGAS Royal Australasian College of Physicians Diabetes Australia Fellowship

AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENTS

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GOVERNANCE ANDMANAGEMENT

BOARD OF DIRECTORSDR JOHN YU AC – Chair

John Yu has had a distinguished career in paediatric medicine and a strongcommitment to community affairs. His previous positions include Chief Executive ofthe New Children’s Hospital at Westmead, staff physician at the Royal AlexandriaHospital for Children, Chancellor of the University of New South Wales and DeputyChancellor of the University of Western Sydney. Dr Yu has served on manymanagement boards and charitable organisations and is currently Chair of bothVisAsia Council at the Art Gallery of New South Wales and the Centre for AsianArt and Archaeology at the University of Sydney. Dr Yu was appointed a Memberof the Order of Australia in 1989 for services to medicine. In 2001 he was awardedthe Centenary Medal and made a Companion of the Order of Australia. He wasnamed Australian of the Year in 1996. John joined the board as Chair in September2006.

ELSA ATKIN

Elsa Atkin is a company director and a cultural management consultant. Sherecently retired after previous roles as Executive Director of the National Trust ofAustralia (NSW), Deputy Director of the Evatt Foundation, and a senior managerat the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Currently she sits on several boards,including those of Symphony Australia and the Library Council of NSW. She wasmade an Australia Day Ambassador (1998–2000) and Honorary Life Member of theNational Trust in 2005. Elsa joined the board in July 2007.

JOANNA CAPON OAM

Joanna Capon is a member of the Australia China Council, the Advisory Council of theChildren’s Hospital at Westmead and the hospital’s Health Care Quality Counciland Governance Committee. She is also Chair of Operation Art, a board memberof Museums and Galleries NSW, and a member of the Editorial Advisory Board ofArt and Australia. Joanna is an art historian, industrial archaeologist, curator andwriter. She was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 2002 for servicesto the community. Joanna joined the board in March 2007.

Role of the board andmanagement

The primary role of the board is to protect and promote the objectives andinterests of The George Institute and its stakeholders. To achieve this, theboard considers the nature and range of Institute activities, ensuring thatkey stakeholder interests, including ethical, social and cultural considerations,are addressed. The board is responsible for the overall governance of theInstitute, including its strategic direction, risk management and monitoringof financial and other reporting.

As outlined in the Institute’s Constitution, the minimum number of directors of theboard is five. The board observes the requirements of the Australian CommonwealthCorporations Act 2001 and the additional obligations resulting from the Institute’scharitable status. As a research and academic organisation, the board values andpromotes scholarship, academic freedom and scientific integrity.

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PETER CHURCH OAM

Peter Church is Group Chairman of AFG Venture Group, a corporate advisory/investment banking firm. Previously he was the Regional Managing Partner forAsia of the Australian law firm Freehills. His involvement in business relationsbetween Australia and the South-East Asian region spans more than 35 years, forwhich he was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in 1994. His othercurrent directorships include Special Counsel to the Australian law firm BlakeDawson and Chairman of Bangkok International Associates Limited and Indonesia’sAksara Foundation. Peter joined the board in June 2004.

PROFESSOR ANDREW COATS

Andrew Coats was previously Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Community) and Dean,Faculty of Medicine at the University of Sydney. He has had a distinguishedinternational career in clinical cardiology, with a particular focus on the treatmentof chronic heart failure. Prior to his appointment as Dean, Andrew was ViscountRoyston Professor of Cardiology, National Heart and Lung Institute, ImperialCollege School of Medicine, London, and Associate Medical Director, RoyalBrompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London. Andrew joined the board in June 2004and resigned in May 2009 to return to the United Kingdom.

DON GREEN

Don Green is a Fellow Chartered Accountant, a Fellow CPA, and a Senior Partnerof Ernst & Young Australia, where he leads the Oceania Transaction Tax practice. Hehas held Asia-Pacific leadership roles of his firm’s Financial Markets and JapaneseBusiness programs, and is currently Chair of the Taxation Taskforce of InfrastructurePartnerships Australia. Over a number of years, Don has been Director or CommitteeChair of the Friends of the Mater Foundation for the Mater Misericordiae Hospital,the Australian Council for Infrastructure Development, and the Institute ofChartered Accountants in Australia. Don joined the board in May 2003.

PROFESSOR STEPHEN MACMAHON, PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR

Stephen MacMahon is Professor of Cardiovascular Medicine and Epidemiology atthe University of Sydney and Honorary Consultant Epidemiologist at the RoyalPrince Alfred Hospital in Sydney (see full biography on p. 32).

PROFESSOR ROBYN NORTON, PRINCIPAL DIRECTOR

Robyn Norton is Professor of Public Health and Associate Dean (Global Health)within the Faculties of Health at the University of Sydney (see full biography on p. 32).

JASON YAT-SEN LI

Jason Yat-sen Li is Managing Director of RI Group China Ltd, an investment bankingand private equity firm based in Beijing. Previously he was Head of China Strategyand Senior Manager, Sustainable Development for Insurance Australia Group, andworked as a lawyer for the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for theformer Yugoslavia in The Hague, Netherlands. He was a recipient of the EisenhowerFellowship in 2002, as well as the Hauser Global Fellowship to New York UniversityLaw School in 2000. He is currently a director of The Sydney Institute and a Governorof The Smith Family. Jason has been a member of the board since June 2007.

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BOARD COMMITTEES

RESEARCH COMMITTEE

To assist the execution of its responsibilities, the board has established a number of board committees. Theoutcomes of board committee meetings are reported to the board of directors following each committee meeting.

Don Green (Chair)Stephen MacMahon

Elsa Atkin (Chair)Jane AustinJoanna CaponStephen MacMahonJohn Yu

John Yu (Chair)Don Green

Peter Church (Chair)Don GreenGraham LawrenceStephen MacMahonBruce NealJason Yat-sen Li

John Yu (Chair)Joanna CaponRobyn NortonMark StevensonWU YangfengJason Yat-sen Li

Peter ChurchBruce NealRobyn NortonAnushka Patel (Chair vacant)

Oversees all financial matters,including budget, audit and riskmanagement matters. Meets quarterly.

Provides strategic direction onphilanthropic plans and activities.Meets as required.

Reviews remuneration for senioremployees of the Institute.Meets annually.

Provides strategic direction oncommercial plans and activities.Meets quarterly.

Oversees operations and research inChina. Meetings conductedbiannually.

Oversees operations and research inIndia. Meetings conducted biannually.

John Yu (Chair)Andrew Coats (resigned 5 May 2009)Don GreenStephen MacMahonRobyn Norton

The Institute’s Constitution requires the establishment of a ResearchCommittee with a minimum of five members, the majority of whom need to’demonstrate the proven ability to direct a research program as evidenced bytheir academic qualifications and their professional appointments‘.

FINANCE, RISK AND AUDITCOMMITTEE

FUNDRAISING COMMITTEE

REMUNERATIONCOMMITTEE

GEORGE CLINICALCOMMITTEE

THE GEORGE INSTITUTE,CHINA COMMITTEE

THE GEORGE INSTITUTE,INDIA COMMITTEE

MEMBERSHIPBOARD COMMITTEE

MEMBERSHIPDESCRIPTION

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40 In order to provide the Institute with advice on future research directions, a Research and Development AdvisoryCommittee (RADAC) has been established. Its membership consists of international health research anddevelopment practitioners.

In October 2008 RADAC met to discuss the Institute’s research activities. The program included an open symposiumshowcasing our research, followed by a closed session for RADAC members and senior staff from the Institute.In a report to the Institute’s board of directors, RADAC stated that it was:

’Impressed by the strength and quality of the Institute’s Research and Development program, its improved capacity buildingprogram, its mentoring program and the calibre of its research staff. RADAC commends the Institute on the excellent levelof growth and program maturation since the last RADAC meeting in 2005’.

In addition to acknowledging the key strengths of the Institute, including its focus on health policy, translationof research, building capacity and a developing Indigenous health program, RADAC made the following keyrecommendations:

Terry Dwyer (Chair), MurdochChildrens Research Institute, Australia

Robert Black, Johns HopkinsUniversity, USA

Robert Califf, Duke University, USA

Deborah Cook, McMaster University,Canada

Paul Elliott, Imperial College, UK

Wendy Hoy, The University ofQueensland, Australia

Garry Jennings, Baker IDI Heart andDiabetes Institute, Australia

KE Yang, Peking University HealthScience Center, China

Michael Merson, Duke University,USA

Terry Nolan, The University ofMelbourne, Australia

Don Nutbeam, the University ofSydney, Australia

Vikram Patel, London School ofHygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK

Srinath Reddy, Public HealthFoundation of India

Sally Redman, The Sax Institute,Australia

Bruce Robinson, the University ofSydney, Australia

RADAC is an independent body whichmeets approximately every two yearsto provide an independent assessmentof the scope, content and quality ofThe George Institute’s research anddevelopment activities within thecontext of the Institute’s mission andstrategic plan. The Committee alsoprovides advice in relation to current,medium and long-term issues facingThe George Institute.

MEMBERSHIPDESCRIPTION

2008 RADAC MEETING

Reflecting similar feedback to theInstitute’s stakeholder review, theInstitute subsequently undertook areview of its mission and fine-tunedthe wording (see p. 1).

The Institute has commenced theprocess of further developing andimplementing various metrics andindices against which the researchperformance of the Institute staffcan be measured.

Building on an already established listof collaborations with several keyuniversities throughout the world, theInstitute will continue to nurture theserelationships and will develop newpartnerships to help support majorprograms of research.

RADAC recommended that thecurrent mission statement of theInstitute should be strengthened andclarified.

RADAC recommended that theInstitute’s documentation andinformation on capacity, budget andresearch performance be upgraded.

RADAC recommended that theInstitute build closer relationshipswith a broad range of universities.

MISSION STATEMENTAND ROLE IN THEDEVELOPING WORLD

INFORMATION SYSTEMUPGRADE

RELATIONSHIPS WITHUNIVERSITIES

ACTIONKEY ISSUE RECOMMENDATION

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADVISORYCOMMITTEE

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INSTITUTE MANAGEMENTPrincipal Directors, Professor Stephen MacMahon and Professor Robyn Norton are responsible for overseeing thestrategic plan of the Institute and receive advice from the Senior Executive Group. Responsibility for the operationand administration of the Institute is delegated to the Senior Executive Group and the Institute Management Group.

Jane AustinRoss Bidencope (until February 2009)John ChalmersLalit Dandona (until March 2009)Graham LawrenceStephen MacMahonBruce NealRobyn NortonMark Stevenson

Craig AndersonLaurent BillotRick BrownAlan CassJoanna ColeRakhi Dandona (until June 2009)Peter DolnikSamantha FlynnJavier GuzmanRachel HuxleyRebecca IversRachel KerryChris MaherMary MoranJohn MyburghSameer PandeyAnushka PatelVlado PerkovicA Sunder RajanAnthony RodgersCheryl TownsendFiona TurnbullWU YangfengSusan XieYAN Lijing

Provides recommendations andadvice to the Principal Directors onmatters of strategic or operationalimportance. Meets fortnightly.

The Institute also consults widelywith Institute Directors, who leadand manage major Instituteprograms. Members of the SeniorExecutive Group are involved inInstitute Management Groupactivities (see p. 32 for a list ofAcademic Directors).

SENIOR EXECUTIVE GROUP

INSTITUTE MANAGEMENTGROUP

MEMBERSHIPMANAGEMENT COMMITTEE DESCRIPTION

GO

VER

NA

NCE

AN

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AN

AG

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42

2008/2009 COLLABORATORS

Aboriginal Health &Medical ResearchCouncil, Australia

Aboriginal MedicalService WesternSydney, Australia

Adelaide Institute forSleep Health,Australia

All India Institute ofMedical Sciences

Ambulance Service ofNew South Wales,Australia

Auckland CityHospital, New Zealand

Auckland MRIResearch Group, NewZealand

Auckland University,New Zealand

Austin Health,Australia

Austin Hospital,Australia

Australasian Collegeof Road Safety

Australasian Faculty ofPublic HealthMedicine

Australasian KidneyTrials Network

AustralasianRehabilitationOutcomes Centre,University ofWollongong, Australia

Australasian SleepTrials Network

Australian Academyof Science

Australian and NewZealand Dialysis andTransplant Registry

Australian and NewZealand IntensiveCare Research Centre

Australian and NewZealand IntensiveCare Society ClinicalTrials Group

Australian and NewZealand Society ofNephrology

Australian Centre forEconomic Research onHealth

AustralianCommission on Safetyand Quality in HealthCare

Australian Food andGrocery Council

AustralianGovernmentDepartment ofInfrastructure,Transport, RegionalDevelopment andLocal Government

AustralianPhysiotherapyAssociation

Australian Red CrossBlood Service

Baker IDI Heart andDiabetes Institute,Australia

Bankstown-LidcombeHospital, Australia

Baotou CentralHospital, China

Beijing Chinese-German Safe-DrivingTechnologyDevelopment Co Ltd

Bendigo Health CareGroup, Australia

Bendigo Hospital,Australia

Bhumibol Adulyadej(Royal Thai Air Force)Hospital, Thailand

Biostatistics andEpidémiologie Unit,Université ParisDescartes, AssistancePublique-Hôpitaux deParis, Hôpital Cochin,France

Biripi AboriginalCorporation MedicalCentre, Australia

Bourke AboriginalCommunity WorkingParty, Australia

Bourke AboriginalHealth Service,Australia

Bourke and EngonniaAboriginalCommunity JusticeGroup, Australia

Brain and MindResearch Institute,Australia

Brain InjuryRehabilitation Unit,Liverpool HealthService, Australia

Bundaberg BaseHospital, Australia

Byrraju Foundation,India

Cairns Base Hospital,Australia

Calvary Health Care,Australia

Canadian Critical CareTrials Group

Canberra Hospital,Australia

CARE Foundation,India

CARE Hospital,Nampally, India

CARI Guidelines,Australia

Center for HealthInformation, SwanseaUniversity, UK

Center for InjuryPolicy and PreventionResearch, Vietnam

Central AustralianAboriginal Congress

Centre for AccidentResearch & RoadSafety – Queensland,Australia

Centre for Addictionand Mental Health,Canada

Centre for Cellularand MolecularBiology, India

Centre for ChronicDisease Control, India

Centre for HealthRecord Linkage,Australia

Centre for NationalResearch on Disabilityand RehabilitationMedicine, Universityof Queensland,Australia

Chinese Society ofCardiology

Christchurch PublicHospital, New Zealand

CLARITY ResearchGroup, McMasterUniversity, Canada

Clinical ExcellenceCommission, Australia

Clinical ResearchCentre, Ministry ofHealth, Malaysia

Coalition for Researchto Improve AboriginalHealth, Australia

CochraneCollaboration Eyesand Vision Group

Cochrane RenalGroup

Concord Hospital,Australia

Cooperative ResearchCentre for AboriginalHealth, Australia

Coordinating Centersfor BiometricResearch, Universityof Minnesota, USA

Core Research GroupPty Ltd, Australia

Council on HealthResearch forDevelopment,Australia

Curtin University ofTechnology, Australia

Dana Center forPreventativeOphthalmology, JohnsHopkins University,USA

Deakin University,Australia

Department ofAviation, University ofNew South Wales,Australia

Department ofGeneral Practice,Erasmus UniversityMedical Center, TheNetherlands

Department ofGeriatric Medicine,Westmead Hospital,Australia

Department of HealthCare Policy, HarvardMedical School, USA

Department of HealthSciences, Faculty ofEarth and LifeSciences, VUUniversity, TheNetherlands

Department ofMedicine, FlindersUniversity, Australia

Department ofPhysiotherapy,Liverpool Hospital,Australia

Department ofPhysiotherapy, RoyalNorth Shore Hospital,Australia

Department ofPhysiotherapy, RoyalPrince Alfred Hospital,Australia

Department ofPsychology,Macquarie University,Australia

Department ofRheumatology, RoyalPrince Alfred Hospital,Australia

DiagnoseIT Pty Ltd,Australia

Dignitas, Australia

Discipline of GeneralPractice, University ofSydney, Australia

Division forNeuroscience andMusculoskeletalMedicine, OsloUniversity Hospital,Norway

Duke Global HealthInstitute, USA

Dunedin Hospital,New Zealand

EMGO Institute forHealth and CareResearch, VUUniversity MedicalCentre, VU University,The Netherlands

Emirates Institute forHealth & Safety, UAE

Erasme Hospital,Belgium

Faculty of HealthSciences, University ofSydney, Australia

Faculty of Medicine,University of NewSouth Wales, Australia

Faculty of Pharmacy,University of Sydney,Australia

Flinders MedicalCentre, Australia

Fremantle Hospital,Australia

Friedrich SchillerUniversity of Jena,Germany

Fu Wai Hospital,China

Gandhi MedicalCollege Hospital, India

Garvan Institute ofMedical Research,Australia

Geelong Hospital,Australia

Genzyme Australasia

Gold Coast Hospital,Australia

Gosford Hospital,Australia

Greenwich Hospital,Australia

Groeningen UniversityMedical Center, TheNetherlands

Hamilton HealthSciences Centre,Canada

Hanoi MedicalUniversity, Vietnam

Hanoi School of PublicHealth, Vietnam

Harvard Initiative forGlobal Health,Harvard University,USA

Harvard University,USA

Heart Foundation,Australia

Highway SafetyResearch Center,University of NorthCarolina, USA

Hornsby Ku-ring-gaiHospital, Australia

Hospital Ipoh,Malaysia

Hospital KualaLumpur, Malaysia

Hospital KualaTerengganu, Malaysia

Hospital Melaka,Malaysia

Hospital Pablo TobonUribe, Colombia

Hospital Pulau Pinang,Malaysia

Hospital RajaPerempuan Zainab II,Malaysia

Hospital Selayang,Malaysia

Hospital SultanahAminah II, Malaysia

Hospital Taiping,Malaysia

Hospital TengkuAmpuan Afzan,Malaysia

Hospital TengkuAmpuan Rahimah,Malaysia

Hospital TuankuJa’afar, Malaysia

Hospital UmumSarawak, Malaysia

Hunter MedicalResearch Institute,Australia

Imperial CollegeLondon, UK

Inala IndigenousHealth Service,Australia

Indian Council ofMedical Research

Indian Institute ofPublic Health

Injury RiskManagementResearch Centre,University of NewSouth Wales, Australia

InnoPharm Ltd, Russia

INSERM, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, France

Institute of Obesity,Nutrition and Exercise,Australia

International Centrefor Circulatory Health,Imperial CollegeLondon, UK

International LifeSciences Institute,USA

James CookUniversity, Australia

John Hunter Hospital,Australia

GO

VER

NA

NCE

AN

DM

AN

AG

EMEN

T

43

Julius Center forHealth Sciences andPrimary Care,University MedicalCenter Utrecht,The Netherlands

Keele University, UK

Kidney HealthAustralia

Kids and Traffic EarlyChildhood RoadSafety EducationProgram, MacquarieUniversity, Australia

King ChulalongkornMemorial Hospital,Thailand

King Saud BinAbdulaziz Universityfor Health Sciences,Saudi Arabia

Kolling Institute ofMedical Research,Australia

Lariboisiere Hospital,France

Launceston GeneralHospital, Australia

Leeds Institute ofHealth Sciences, UK

Liverpool Hospital,Australia

London School ofHygiene and TropicalMedicine, UK

Maari Ma AboriginalHealth Service,Australia

Maastricht University,The Netherlands

Main Roads WesternAustralia

Manly Hospital,Australia

Mater Adult Hospital,Brisbane, Australia

Mayo Clinic, USA

McMaster UniversityHealth Centre,Canada

MedPharmGene Inc,Canada

Melbourne RenalResearch Group,Australia

Menzies Centre forHealth Policy,University of Sydney,Australia

Menzies School ofHealth Research,Australia

Miami VeteransAffairs MedicalCenter, USA

Michigan UniversityHealth ServicesCenter, USA

MidCentral DistrictHealth Board, NewZealand

Middlemore Hospital,New Zealand

Ministry of Health,China

Ministry of Health,Vietnam

MMRF Berman Centerfor Outcomes andClinical Research, USA

Monash MedicalCentre, Australia

Monash UniversityAccident ResearchCentre, Australia

Monash UniversitySchool ofEpidemiology andPreventive Medicine,Australia

Murdoch ChildrensResearch Institute,Australia

Nambour GeneralHospital, Australia

National Centre forClinical OutcomesResearch, AustralianCatholic University,Australia

National Centre forEpidemiology andPopulation Health,Australian NationalUniversity NationalTransportCommission, Australia

National ResourceCentre forRehabilitation inRheumatology,DiakonhjemmetHospital, Norway

National StrokeFoundation, Australia

Nepean Hospital,Australia

New South WalesFood Authority,Australia

New South WalesHealth, Australia

New South WalesNorth Coast AreaHealth Service,Australia

New South WalesPolice, Australia

Ngaanyatjarra HealthService, Australia

Nganampa HealthCouncil, Australia

Northern TerritoryGovernment,Australia

NorwegianKnowledge Centre forthe Health Services

Oxford Centre forDiabetes,Endocrinology andMetabolism, UK

Pain Managementand ResearchInstitute, University ofSydney, Australia

Parkinson’s NSW,Australia

Peking University FirstHospital, China

Peking UniversityHealth Science Center,China

Phoenix VeteransAffairs Health CareCenter, USA

PhysiotherapyResearch Foundation,Australia

Pine Rivers RenalClinic, Australia

PontifíciaUniversidade Católicade Minas Gerais,Brazil

Population HealthResearch Institute,Hamilton HealthSciences, McMasterUniversity, Canada

Prince of WalesHospital, Australia

Prince of WalesMedical ResearchInstitute, Australia

Princess AlexandraHospital, Australia

Prognomix Inc,Canada

Public HealthFoundation of India

Queen ElizabethMedical Centre, UK

Queen’s University,Canada

Queensland Police,Australia

Queensland Transport,Australia

Queensland Universityof Technology,Australia

Rajavithi Hospital,Thailand

Ramathibodi Hospital,Thailand

Rehabilitation StudiesUnit, Sydney MedicalSchool, University ofSydney, Australia

Renal Research,Australia

Research Centre forInjury Studies, FlindersUniversity, Australia

Roads and TrafficAuthority, NSW,Australia

Rotary Sydney Cove,Australia

Royal AdelaideHospital, Australia

Royal BrisbaneHospital, Australia

Royal Hobart Hospital,Australia

Royal MelbourneHospital, Australia

Royal North ShoreHospital, Australia

Royal Perth Hospital,Australia

Royal Prince AlfredHospital, Australia

Ruijin Hospital, China

School of Health andRehabilitationSciences, University ofQueensland, Australia

School of HumanMovement and SportsSciences, University ofBallarat, Australia

School of PublicHealth andCommunity Medicine,University of NewSouth Wales, Australia

School of PublicHealth, University ofSydney, Australia

School of SafetyScience, University ofNew South Wales,Australia

Shanghai Institute ofHypertension, China

Shanghai JiaotonUniversity, China

Sir Charles GairdnerHospital, Australia

Siriraj Hospital,Thailand

St George Hospital,Australia

St Vincent’s HospitalMelbourne, Australia

Stroke RecoveryAssociation, Australia

Stroke Society ofAustralasia

Sunnybrook ResearchInstitute, Canada

Sydney AdventistHospital, Australia

Sydney Children’sHospital, Australia

Sydney HealthProjects Group,Australia

Sydney MagneticResonance Imaging,Australia

Sydney South WestHealth Promotion,Australia

Sydney South WestArea Health Service,Australia

T!maki Healthcare,New Zealand

Tangentyere CouncilInc, Australia

Taranaki BaseHospital, New Zealand

Tharawal AboriginalCorporation, Australia

The Aga KhanUniversity Hospital,Pakistan

The Alfred Hospital,Australia

The Children’sHospital atWestmead, Australia

The ChineseUniversity of HongKong

The Prince CharlesHospital, Australia

The Queen ElizabethHospital, Australia

The Royal Children’sHospital, Brisbane,Australia

The Royal Children’sHospital, Melbourne,Australia

The TownsvilleHospital, Australia

The University ofAdelaide, Australia

The University ofAuckland, NewZealand

The University ofMelbourne, Australia

The University of NewSouth Wales, Australia

The University ofQueensland, Australia

The University ofSydney, Australia

The University ofWestern Australia,Australia

The WoolcockInstitute, Australia

Tobwabba AboriginalMedical Service Inc,Australia

Tulane University, USA

UNICEF

Universidade Federalde Minas Gerais,Brazil

University CollegeDublin, Ireland

University HospitalGasthuisberg,Belgium

University Hospital ofLiege, Belgium

University MalayaMedical Centre,Malaysia

University of Ballarat,Australia

University of Illinois,USA

University of Leipzig,Germany

University of Leuven,Belgium

University of MichiganTransportationResearch Institute,USA

University of Ottawa,Canada

University of Oxford,UK

University ofPittsburgh MedicalCenter, Center forSports Medicine, USA

University of Rome,Italy

University of SouthCarolina, USA

University of Toronto,Canada

University ofWollongong, Australia

Urapuntja HealthService, Australia

Utrecht University, TheNetherlands

Vancouver CoastalHealth ResearchInstitute, Canada

Veterans AffairsCooperative StudiesProgram CoordinatingCenter, Edward HinesJr Veterans AffairsHospital, USA

Waikato Hospital,New Zealand

Walytja PalyantjakuTjutaku AboriginalCorporation, Australia

Wellington Hospital,New Zealand

Western AustraliaSleep DisordersResearch Institute

Western AustralianPolice

Western DesertNganampa, Australia

Western Hospital,Australia

Westmead Hospital,Australia

Whangarei Hospital,New Zealand

Wollongong Hospital,Australia

World HealthOrganization

Wuchopperen HealthService Limited,Australia

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44

FINANCIAL REPORTFinancial summary

The 2008/2009 financial year hasbeen a challenging period acrossthe world, and the Institute alsofelt the impact of the economicenvironment, reporting aconsolidated loss of $1.7 millionfor the year. This included a $1.5million loss on the write-down tomarket value of the investmentportfolio. Nevertheless theInstitute finished the year stronglyand delivered an operating cashsurplus of $4.2 million, as a resultof improved controls overexpenditure, invoicing andcollection of debts. The cashbalance improved to $13.6 millionat 30 June 2009, and together withlisted investments of $6.2 million,provides a satisfactory financialbacking to our activities.

Income Expenses

The balance sheet on page 45 outlines the Institute’s total assets and liabilities asat 30 June 2009. Total liabilities of the Institute includes $19.5 million of ’unearnedrevenue’ which reflects cash received in advance from funders. This is recognisedas ’earned revenue’ when project activities are completed.

Although the economic environment curtailed some of our initiatives, the Institutestill achieved growth of 10% in 2008/2009. Following the year end the Institutesecured a number of new major projects.

Since the end of the financial year the Institute has seen a recovery in the value ofits investment portfolio thus adding to future financial security. The following pagesinclude the audit report, balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statementfor The George Institute for International Health and its controlled entities for theyear ended 30 June 2009.

RICHARD FISHER

Chief Operating OfficerOctober 2009

All $ references are to Australian Dollars.

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45

BALANCE SHEET2009

ASSETS $

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents 13,568,672

Trade and other receivables 6,875,138

Other current assets 275,216

TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS 20,719,026

NON-CURRENT ASSETS

Property, plant and equipment 1,862,120

Investment property 6,207,057

Intangibles 57,148

TOTAL NON-CURRENT ASSETS 8,126,325

TOTAL ASSETS 28,845,351

LIABILITIES $

CURRENT LIABILITIES

Trade and other payables 2,402,413

Short-term provisions 21,342,215

Other 54,450

TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES 23,799,078

TOTAL LIABILITIES 23,799,078

NET ASSETS 5,046,273

EQUITY $

Retained profits 5,046,273

TOTAL EQUITY 5,046,273

The George Institutefor InternationalHealth andcontrolled entitiesbalance sheet as at30 June 2009

Income by region Expenses by region

Notes for full financial consolidated report are available, contact The George Institute Director of Finance on +612 9657 0300 or [email protected]

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46

INCOME STATEMENT

CASH FLOW STATEMENT2009

$

Cash flows from operating activities 4,489,318

-

Net cash provided by operating activities 4,489,318

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchases of investments (6,896,647)

Sales of investments 7,579,329

Cash management (51,151)

Proceeds of sale of property plant & equipment (896,132)

Purchases of property plant & equipment 12,318

Net cash provided by investing activities (252,283)

Net increase in cash held 4,237,035

Cash at beginning of financial year 9,331,637

Cash at end of financial year 13,568,672

2009

$

Revenue 41,507,258

Other income 12,318

Employee benefits expense (19,126,399)

Depreciation and amortisation expenses (552,065)

Other expenses (23,496,952)

Profit (loss) before income tax expense (1,655,840)

Income tax expense -

Profit (loss) attributable to members of the company (1,655,840)

Notes for full financial consolidated report are available, contact The George Institute Director of Finance on +612 9657 0300 or [email protected]

The George Institutefor International Healthand controlled entitiesincome statement forthe year ended 30 June2009

The George Institute forInternational Healthand controlled entitiescash flow statement forthe year ended 30 June2009

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47

We have audited the accompanyingfinancial report, being a special purposefinancial report, of The George Institutefor International Health and ControlledEntities (the company) as set out in Note14, which comprises the balance sheetas at 30 June 2009 and the incomestatement, statement of changes inequity and cash flow statement for theyear ended on that date, a summary ofsignificant accounting policies and otherexplanatory notes and the directors’declaration.

We are not the auditors of The GeorgeInstitute, China or The George Institute,India. An unqualified audit report hasbeen issued by the auditors of theseentities.

Director’s Responsibility for theFinancial Report

The directors of the company areresponsible for the preparation and fairpresentation of the financial report andhave determined that the accountingpolicies described in Note 1 to thefinancial statements, which form part ofthe financial report, are appropriate tomeet the requirements of theCorporations Act 2001 and areappropriate to meet the needs of themembers. The director’s responsibilityalso includes designing, implementingand maintaining internal control relevantto the preparation and fair presentationof the financial report that is free frommaterial misstatement, whether due tofraud or error; selecting and applyingappropriate accounting policies; andmaking accounting estimates that arereasonable in the circumstances.

Auditor’s Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express anopinion on the financial report based onour audit. No opinion is expressed as towhether the accounting policies used,as described in note 1, are appropriateto meet the needs of the member. Weconducted our audit in accordance withAustralian Auditing Standards. These

Auditing Standards require that wecomply with relevant ethical require-ments relating to audit engagementsand plan and perform the audit toobtain reasonable assurance whetherthe financial report is free from materialmisstatement.

Our audit involves performing proceduresto obtain audit evidence about theamounts and disclosures in the financialreport. The procedures selected dependon the auditor’s judgment, includingthe assessment of the risks or materialmisstatement of the financial report,whether due to fraud or error. In makingthose risk assessments, the auditorconsiders internal control relevant tothe entity’s preparation and fairpresentation of the financial report inorder to design audit procedures thatare appropriate in the circumstances,but not for the purpose of expressingan opinion on the effectiveness of theentity’s internal control. An audit alsoincludes evaluating the appropriatenessof accounting policies used and thereasonableness of accounting estimatesmade by the directors, as well asevaluating the overall presentation ofthe financial report.

The financial report has been preparedfor distribution to the member for thepurpose of fulfilling the director’sfinancial reporting under theCorporations Act 2001. We disclaimany assumption of responsibility for anyreliance on this report or on thefinancial report to which it relates to anyperson other than the members, or forany purpose other than that for which itwas prepared.

We believe that the audit evidence wehave obtained is sufficient and appro-priate to provide a basis for our auditopinion.

Independence

In conducting our audit, we havecomplied with the independencerequirements of the Corporations Act

2001. We confirm that the independencedeclaration required by the CorporationsAct 2001, provided to the directors ofThe George Institute for InternationalHealth and Controlled Entities previously,would be in the same terms if providedto the directors as at the date of thisauditor’s report.

Auditor’s Opinion

In our opinion the financial report ofThe George Institute for InternationalHealth and Controlled Entities is inaccordance with the Corporations Act2001 including:

a) giving a true and fair view of thecompany’s financial position as at30 June 2009 and of itsperformance for the year ended onthat date in accordance with theaccounting policies described inNote 1; and

b) complying with AustralianAccounting Standards to the extentdescribed in Note 1 and theCorporations Regulations 2001.

PETER DOUGLAS WOODHEADWearne & Co Audit Pty LimitedDated: 03.11.2009

AUDIT REPORT

Independent audit report to the members of The George Institute for InternationalHealth and Controlled Entities

Notes for full financial consolidated report are available, contact The George Institute Director of Finance on +612 9657 0300 or [email protected]

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48 Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health,Australia

Allergan Australia Pty Ltd

Amgen Australia

Auckland City Hospital, New Zealand

Auckland Uniservices Limited, NewZealand

AusAid, Australia

Australian and New Zealand IntensiveCare Society Research Centre

Australian Food and Grocery Council

Australian Kidney Trial Network

Australian Physiotherapy Association

Australian Research Council

Australian Transport Safety Bureau

Barwon Darling Alliance, Australia

Baxter Health Corporation, Australia

Bellberry Limited

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Canadian Physiotherapy Association

Commonwealth Department of Healthand Ageing, Australia

Concord Hospital, Australia

Council on Health Research forDevelopment, Australia

Danske Fysioterapeuter (Association ofDanish Physiotherapists), Denmark

Department of Health, UK

Department of Planning andInfrastructure, Northern TerritoryGovernment, Australia

Diabetes Australia Research Trust

Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative(DNDi)

Eisai Global Clinical Development, USA

FIA Foundation for the Automobileand Society, UK

Fresenius Kabi, Germany

Genzyme Australasia

Government of Canada

Hamilton Health Sciences, Canada

HCF Health and Medical ResearchFoundation, Australia

High Blood Pressure Research Council,Australia

Intensive Care Foundation, Australia

Johnson & Johnson PharmaceuticalResearch & Development LLC, USA

Koninklijk Nederlands Genootschapvoor Fysiotherapie, The Netherlands

Les Laboratoires Servier, France

MBF Foundation, Australia

Motor Accidents Authority of NSW,Australia

Mr Bruce Arnott, personal donation

Multiple Sclerosis Research Australia

National Health and Medical ResearchCouncil, Australia

National Heart Foundation, Australia

National Stroke Foundation, Australia

National Stroke Research Institute,Australia

National Transport Commission,Australia

National Trauma Research Institute,Australia

New Zealand Society ofPhysiotherapists

Northern Territory Department ofEducation and Training, Australia

Novartis

NRMA-ACT Road Safety Trust NRMAMotoring and Services Ltd, Australia

NSW Department of Health, Australia

NSW Office for Science and MedicalResearch, Australia

NSW Sporting Injuries Committee,Australia

Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development

Oxford Health Alliance, UK

Physio Austria

Physiotherapists Board of Queensland,Australia

Physiotherapists Registration Board ofVictoria, Australia

Physiotherapy Association ofSwitzerland

Physiotherapy Research Foundation,Australia

Queensland Department of Health,Australia

Queensland Transport, Australia

Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW,Australia

Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Australia

Sanofi Aventis Healthcare Pty Ltd,Australia

Suomen Fysioterapeutit-FinlandsFysioterapeuter ry, Finland

Swann Insurance (Aust) Pty Ltd,Australia

The Motor Accident InsuranceCommission, Australia

The Royal Australasian College ofPhysicians

The Sax Institute, Australia

The University of Melbourne, Australia

The University of New South Wales,Australia

The University of Queensland,Australia

The University of Sydney, Australia

Transport Accident Commission,Australia

University of Cincinnati, USA

University of Oxford, UK

Wellcome Trust, UK

World Health Organization

FUNDING SOURCES 2008/2009

DES

IGN

AN

DPR

INT

MA

NA

GEM

ENT

BYA

LASK

AG

RAPH

ICD

ESIG

N

Acute cerebral haemorrhage Bleeding froma blood vessel in the brain.

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) Severe heartconditions.

Albumin A protein in the blood.

Biostatistics Statistical information andtechniques used with reference to health studiesand social problems.

Cardiovascular disease Conditions of thecirculatory system, particularly the heart, brainand kidneys.

Chronic disease Disease of a long duration.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)A long-lasting obstruction of the airways thatoccurs with chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or both.

Contracture Connective tissue producingshortening and resulting in deformity of a joint.

Crystalloid Resuscitation fluid.

Dialysis Renal replacement therapy, life-supportingtreatments for renal failure.

Diamicron MR Glucose lowering treatment forpeople with diabetes.

Dyslipidemia Abnormal concentrations of lipidsin the blood.

Echocardiography The use of ultrasound toinvestigate and display the action of the heart asit beats.

Electronic decision support (EDS) Electronictool designed to provide consistent advice andstandardised treatment based on evidence.

Epidemiology Study of the distribution anddeterminants of disease in populations.

Glucose Simple sugar containing six carbonatoms; an important source of energy.

Haemorrhage Bleeding.

Hydroxy-ethyl Resuscitation fluid.

Hyperglycemia High blood sugar.

Hypertension High blood pressure.

Intranasal Within the nose.

Ischaemia Inadequate flow of blood to a part ofthe body, caused by constriction or blockage ofthe blood vessels supplying it.

Lipids Fats.

Neglected diseases Infectious diseases thatthrive in impoverished settings.

Neurological Disorders that affect the centralnervous system.

Normoglycaemia Normal blood glucoseconcentration.

Obstructive sleep apnea Condition in whichairflow from the nose and mouth to the lungs isrestricted during sleep.

Polypill Several medications in one, fixed-dosetablet.

Preterax Blood pressure lowering drug.

Proteinuria The presence of protein in the urine.

Randomised controlled trial Random allocationof different interventions or treatments to subjectsin a study to ensure that known and unknownconfounding factors are evenly distributedbetween treatment groups.

Renal replacement therapy Life supportingtreatments for renal failure.

Resuscitation fluids Fluids used in the treatmentof patients with low blood pressure.

Saline Solution containing 0.9% sodium chlorideused to replace fluid by intravenous infusion.

Sleeping sickness Disease of tropical Africa causedby the presence of parasitic protozoans in the blood.

Vascular Relating to or supplied with blood vessels.

GLO

SSA

RY

49

THE GEORGE INSTITUTE

Postal addressPO Box M201Missenden RoadNSW 2050 AUSTRALIA

Head officeLevel 7, 341 George StreetSydney NSWAUSTRALIA

Telephone +61 2 9657 0300Facsimile +61 2 9657 0301

HospitalLevel 10, King George V BuildingRoyal Prince Alfred HospitalMissenden RoadCamperdown Sydney NSWAUSTRALIA

The George Institute, ChinaRoom 1302, Tower B, Horizon TowerNo. 6 Zhichun Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing 100088CHINA

Telephone +86 10 8280 0577Facsimile +86 10 8280 0177

The George Institute, India839C, Road No. 44A, Jubilee HillsHyderabad 500033INDIA

Telephone +91 40 2355 8091Facsimile +91 40 2354 1980

United KingdomLondon International Development Centre (LIDC)36 Gordon SquareLondon WC1H 0PDUNITED KINGDOM

Telephone +44 203 073 8322Facsimile +44 781 491 9527

www.thegeorgeinstitute.org

ISSN 1837-6576 (Print)ISSN 1837-6584 (Online)

This report has been printed on Mega Recycled;an environmentally responsible paper made with50% certified recycled fibre and 50% virgin fibrefrom plantation forests. Produced in a facility thatoperates under world’s best practice ISO14001Environment Management System.

THE GEORGEINSTITUTE:PUBLICATIONS&PRESENTATIONS

2008-2009

publications resized:Layout 1 10/12/09 8:58 AM Page 1

PEER-REVIEWEDJOURNALS Ada L, Sherrington C, Canning CG, Dean CM, ScianniA. Computerised tracking to train dexterity aftercerebellar tumour: a single-case experimental study.Brain Injury. 2009;23(7):702-6.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Chalmers J, Joshi R, Kengne AP, Ninomiya T, Bi Y,Bompoint S, Billot L, Patel A). Efficacy and safety offixed combination of perindopril and indapamide in type2 diabetes: results from ADVANCE in context of evidenceavailable in 2007. Journal of Hypertension. 2008;26:S21-S27.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee: deGalan B, Perkovic V, Ninomiya T, Pillai A, Patel A,Cass A, Neal B, Poulter N, Harrap S, Mogensen C,Cooper M, Marre M, Williams B, Hamet P, Mancia G,Woodward M, Glasziou P, Grobbee D, MacMahon S,Chalmers J). Routine blood pressure lowering andkidney disease in type 2 diabetes. Journal of theAmerican Society of Nephrology. 2009;20:883-92.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee: DuX, Ninomiya T, de Galan B, Abadir E, Chalmers J,Pillai A, Woodward M, Cooper M, Harrap S, Hamet P,Poulter N, Lip GYH, Patel A). Risk of cardiovascularevents and effects of routine blood pressure loweringamong patients with type 2 diabetes and artrialfibrillation – results of the ADVANCE study. EuropeanHeart Journal. 2009;30:1128-35.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Kengne A-P, Czernichow S, Huxley R, Grobbee D,Woodward M, Neal B, Zoungas S, Cooper M,Glasziou P, Hamet P, Harrap S, Mancia G, Poulter N,Williams B, Chalmers J). Blood pressure variables andcardiovascular risk: New findings from ADVANCE.Hypertension. 2009;54:399-404.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, de Galan B, Zoungas S,Pillai A, Jardine M, Patel A, Cass A, Neal B, Poulter N,Mogensen C, Cooper M, Marre M, Williams B, Hamet P,Mancia G, Woodward M, MacMahon S, Chalmers J).Albuminuria, kidney function and cardiovascular andrenal outcomes in diabetes. Journal of the AmericanSociety of Nephrology. 2009;20:1813-21.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J). Intensive glucosecontrol in type 2 diabetes – Reply. New England Journalof Medicine. 2008;359:1520-1.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Billot L,Woodward M, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P,Grobbee D, Hamet P, Harrap S, Heller S, Liu L, Mancia G,Mogensen C, Pan C, Poulter N, Rodgers A, Williams B,Bompoint S, de Galan B, Joshi R, Travert F). Intensiveblood glucose control on vascular outcomes in patientswith type 2 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine.2008;358:2560-72.

ADVANCE Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Patel A, MacMahon S, Neal B, Billot L, Chalmers J).The ADVANCE trial – Author’s reply. Lancet. 2008;371:26.

Allen NE, Canning CG, Sherrington C, Fung VSC.Bradykinesia, muscle weakness and reduced musclepower in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders.2009;[Published online on 7 May 2009].

Ameratunga S, Tin Tin S, Coverdale J, Connor J, NortonR. Post-traumatic stress among hospitalized and non-hospitalized survivors of serious car crashes: a population-based study. Psychiatric Services. 2009;60:402-4.

Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Leibman S, SmithG, Sambrook P, Fransen M, March L. The influence ofBMI on health related quality of life. A comparison withage-matched population norms. Obesity. 2009;[Epubahead of print].

Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Sambrook P,Fransen M, March L. The impact of obesity on themusculoskeletal system. International Journal of Obesity.2008;32:211-22.

Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Smith G, LeibmanS, Chen J, Giuffre B, Fransen M, Sambrook P, March L.Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonanceimaging of cartilage in an obese population undergoingweight loss. Journal of Rheumatology. 2009;36:1056-62.

Anandacoomarasamy A, Fransen M, March L. Obesityand the musculoskeletal system. Current Opinion inRheumatology. 2009;21:71-7.

Anderson C. Declining stroke rates in southern Brazil: apositive result of socioeconomic development? Editorial.Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 2009;80:705.

Anderson C. Medical management of acute intracerebralhemorrhage. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2009;15(2):93-8.

Anderson C. The PRoFESS trial results: what wentwrong? Commentary. International Journal of Stroke.2008;3:165-6.

Anderson C. Clinical stroke guidelines: where to now?Medical Journal of Australia. 2008;189:4-5.

Anderson CS. Benefits of ACE inhibitors and ARBs inthe prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cardiology inGeneral Practice. 2009;8:4-5.

Anderson K, Devitt J, Cunningham J, Preece C, CassA. All they said was my kidneys were dead: IndigenousAustralian patients’ understanding of their chronickidney disease. Medical Journal of Australia. 2008;189:499-503.

Anderson K, Yeates K, Cunningham J, Devitt J, Cass A.They really want to go back home, they hate it here: Theimportance of place in Canadian health professionals’views on the barriers facing Aboriginal patients accessingkidney transplants. Health and Place. 2009;15:390-3.

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Andhra Pradesh Rural Health Initiative, Chow C, Naidu S,Raju P, Raju R, Joshi R, Sullivan D, Celermajer D, Neal B.Significant lipid, adiposity and metabolic abnormalitiesamongst 4,535 Indians from a developing region of ruralAndhra Pradesh. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196:943-52.

Anna V, van der Ploeg H, Cheung W, Huxley R,Bauman A. Sociodemographic correlates of theincreasing trend in prevalence of gestational diabetes ina large population of women between 1995 and 2005.Diabetes Care. 2008;31:2288-93.

Arima H. Blood pressure lowering treatment for primaryand secondary prevention of different types of stroke.Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. 2009;7(6):627-36.

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Ansary-Moghaddam A, Martiniuk A,Lam TH, Jamrozik K, Tamakoshi A, Fang X, Suh I, BarziF, Huxley R, Woodward M). Smoking and the risk ofupper aero digestive tract cancers for men and womenin the Asia-Pacific Region. International Journal ofEnvironment Research and Public Health. 2009;6:1358-70.

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Barzi F, Huxley R, Jamrozik K, Lam T,Ueshima H, Gu D, Kim H, Woodward M). Associationof smoking and smoking cessation with major causes ofmortality in the Asia-Pacific region. Tobacco Control.2008;17:166-72.

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Kengne AP, Nakamura K, Barzi, F, Lam TH,Huxley R, Gu D, Patel A, Kim HC, Woodward M).Smoking, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in men inthe Asia-Pacific Region. Journal of Diabetes and itsComplications. 2009;[Published online on 5 May 2009].

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Lee C, Barzi F, Woodward M, Batty G,Giles G, Wong J, Jamrozik K, Lam T, Ueshima H, Kim H,Gu D, Schooling M, Huxley R). Adult height and therisks of cardiovascular disease and major causes of deathin the Asia-Pacific region – 21,000 deaths in 510,000participants. International Journal of Epidemiology.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Nakamura K, Barzi F, Huxley R, Lam T, SuhI, Woo J, Kim H, Feigin V, Gu D, Woodward M). Doescigarette smoking exacerbate the effect of totalcholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol onthe risk of cardiovascular diseases? Heart. 2009;[Epubahead of print].

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: O’Seaghdha CM, Perkovic V, Lam TH,McGinn S, Barzi F, Gu DF, Cass A, Suh I, Muntner P,Giles GG, Ueshima H, Woodward M, Huxley R). Bloodpressure is a major risk factor for renal death. An analysisof 560 352 participants from the Asia-Pacific region.Hypertension. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration (WritingCommittee: Woodward M, Martiniuk A, Lee C, Lam T,Vanderhoorn S, Ueshima H, Fang X, Kim H, Rodgers A,Patel A, Jamrozik K, Huxley R). Elevated totalcholesterol: its prevalence and population attributablefraction for mortality from coronary heart disease andischaemic stroke in the Asia-Pacific region. EuropeanJournal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.2008;15:397-401.

Awah P, Kengne AP, Fezeu L, Mbanya J. Perceived riskfactors of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus inCameroon. Health Education Research. 2008;23:612-20.

Barclay JL, Miller BG, Dick S, Dennekamp M, Ford I, HillisGS, Ayres JG, Seaton A. A panel study of air pollution insubjects with heart failure: negative results in treatedpatients. Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2009;66:325-34.

Batty D, Kivimaki M, Morrison D, Huxley R, Smith G,Clarke R, Marmot M, Shipley M. Risk factors forpancreatic cancer mortality: extended follow-up of theoriginal Whitehall study. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkersand Prevention. 2009;18:673-5.

Batty D, Shipley M, Kivimaki M, Barzi F, Smith G,Mitchell R, Marmot M, Huxley R. Obesity andoverweight in relation to liver disease mortality in men:38 year follow-up of the original Whitehall study.International Journal of Obesity. 2008;32:1741-4.

Bell K, Hayden A, Macaskill P, Craig J, Neal B, Irwig L.Mixed models showed no need for initial responsemonitoring after starting antihypertensive therapy.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2009;[Epub ahead ofprint].

Bellomo R, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M,Goldsmith D, Myburgh J, Norton R, Scheinkestel C.Screening and study enrolment in the RandomizedEvaluation of Normal vs. Augmented Level (RENAL)replacement therapy trial. Blood Purification. 2009;27:199-205.

Bhalla K, Harrison J, Abraham J, Borse N, Lyons R,Boufous S, Aharonson-Daniel L. Data sources forimproving estimates of the global burden of injuries: callfor contributors. PLoS Medicine. 2009;6:22-4.

Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists’Collaboration (Writing Committee: Turnbull F, Neal B,Barzi F, Woodward M, MacMahon S, Chalmers J,Barzi F, Li N, Perkovic V). Do men and women responddifferently to blood pressure lowering treatment?Prospective meta-analysis of randomised trials. EuropeanHeart Journal. 2008;29:2669-80.

Bo K, Herbert R. When and how should new therapiesbecome routine clinical practice? Physiotherapy. 2009;95:51-7.

Borghi J, Jan S. Measuring the benefits of healthpromotion programmes: application of the contingentvaluation method. Health Policy. 2008;87:235-48.

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Boufous S, Williamson A. Factors affecting the severityof work related traffic crashes in drivers receiving aworker’s compensation claim. Accident Analysis andPrevention. 2009;41(3):467-73.

Broderick C, McKay D. Reducing the risk of injury inyoung footballers. British Medical Journal. 2009;338(b1050):667-72.

Brugts JJ, Ninomiya T, Boersma E, Remme W, BertrandM, Ferrari R, Fox K, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, SimoonsML. The consistency of the treatment effect of an ACE-inhibitor-based treatment regimen in patients withvascular disease or high-risk of vascular disease: acombined analysis of individual data of ADVANCE,EUROPA and PROGRESS-trials comparing perindopril-indapamide versus placebo. European Heart Journal.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Cameron M, Adams R, Maher C. The effect of neopreneshorts on leg proprioception in Australian footballplayers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2008;11:345-52.

Cameron ML, Adams RD, Maher CG, Misson D. Effect ofthe HamSprint Drills training programme on lower limbneuromuscular control in Australian football players.Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2009;12:24-30.

Canning C, Sherrington C, Lord S, Fung V, Close J, LattM, Howard K, Allen N, O’Rourke S, Murray S. Exercisetherapy for prevention of falls in people with Parkinson’sdisease: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial andeconomic evaluation. BMC Neurology. 2009;9:Art. No. 4.

Cardona M, Joshi R, Ivers R, Iyengar S, Chow C,Colman S, Ramakrishna G, Dandona R, Stevenson M,Neal B. The burden of fatal and non-fatal injuries in ruralIndia. Injury Prevention. 2008;14:232-7.

Chalmers J, Arima H. Management of hypertension:Evidence from the Blood Pressure Treatment Trialists’Collaboration and from major clinical trials. PolishArchives of Internal Medicine. 2009;119(6):373-80.

Chalmers J, Cooper M. The UKPDS and The LegacyEffect. Editorial. New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;359:1618-20.

Chen HY, Ivers R, Martiniuk A, Boufous S,Senserrick T, Woodward M, Stevenson M,Williamson A, Norton R. Risk and type of crash amongyoung drivers by rurality of residence: findings from theDRIVE study. Accident Analysis and Prevention.2009;41(4):676-82.

Chen JF, Ginn KA, Herbert RD. Passive mobilisation ofshoulder region joints plus advice and exercise does notreduce pain and disability more than advice and exercisealone: a randomised trial. Australian Journal ofPhysiotherapy. 2009;55(1):17-23.

ChinaQUEST Investigators (Writing Committee: HeeleyE, Anderson C, Huang Y, Jan S, Li Y, Liu M, Sun J, Xu E,Wu Y, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhang S, Wang J). Role of healthinsurance in averting economic hardship in families afteracute stroke in China. Stroke. 2009;40(6):2149-56.

China Salt Substitute Study Collaborative Group (WritingCommittee: Li N, Prescott J, Wu Y, Barzi F, Yu X, ZhaoL, Neal B). The effects of a reduced sodium, highpotassium salt substitute on food taste and acceptabilityin rural northern China. British Journal of Nutrition.2009;101:1088-93.

Chockalingam A, Chalmers J, Whitworth J, Erdine S,Mancia G, Mendis S, Heagerty A. ANTALYA STATEMENTof the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) on theprevention of blood pressure-related disease. Journal ofHypertension. 2008;26:2255-8.

Chow C. What is the significance of unrecognised non-Q-wave myocardial infaction. PLoS Medicine. 2009;6:e1000060.

Chow C, Celermajer D, Joshi R, Patel A, Neal B. Re-calibration of a Framingham risk equation to adeveloping rural population in India. Epidemiology andCommunity Health. 2009;63(5): 379-85.

Chow C, McQuillan B, Raju P, Iyengar S, Raju R, HarmerJ, Neal B, Celermajer D. Greater adverse effects ofcholesterol and diabetes on carotid intima-mediathickness in South Asian Indians: comparison of riskfactor-IMT associations in two population-based surveys.Atherosclerosis. 2008;199:116-22.

Clapham K, Senserrick T, Ivers R, Lyford M, StevensonM. Understanding the extent and impact of Indigenousroad trauma. Injury. 2008;39(Suppl 5):S19-S23.

Costa L, Maher C, Latimer J, Ferreira P, Ferreira M,Pozzi G, Freitas L. Clinimetric testing of three self-reportoutcome measures for low back pain patients in Brazil.Which one is the best? Spine. 2008;33:2459-63.

Costa LOP, Maher CG, Latimer J, Hodges PW, ShirleyD. An investigation of the reproducibility of ultrasoundmeasures of abdominal muscle activation in patientswith chronic non-specific low back pain. European SpineJournal. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Costa LOP, Maher CG, Latimer J, Smeets RJEM.Reproducibility of rehabilitative ultrasound imaging forthe measurement of abdominal muscle activity: asystematic review. Physical Therapy. 2009;[Epub aheadof print].

Cowan BR, Young AA, Anderson C, Doughty RN,Krittayaphong R, Lonn E, Marwick TH, Reid CM,Sanderson JE, Schmieder RE, Teo K, Wadham AK,Worthley SG, Yu CM, Yusuf S, Jennings GL. The cardiacMRI substudy to ongoing telmisartan alone and incombination with ramipril global endpoint trial/telmisartanrandomized assessment study in ACE-intolerant subjectswith cardiovascular disease: analysis protocol andbaseline characteristics. Clinical Research in Cardiology.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

CPACS Investigators (Writing Committee: Bi Y, Gao R,Patel A, Su S, Gao W, Hu D, Huang D, Kong L, Qi W,Wu Y, Yang Y, Turnbull F). Evidence-based medicationuse among Chinese patients with acute coronarysyndromes at the time of hospital discharge and 1 year

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after hospitalization: results from the Clinical Pathwaysfor Acute Coronary Syndromes in China (CPACS) study.American Heart Journal. 2009;157:509-16.

Czernichow S, Lee CMY, Barzi F, Greenfield J, Baur LA,Chalmers J, Woodward M, Huxley RR. Efficacy ofweight-loss drugs on obesity and cardiovascular riskfactors in obese adolescents: a meta-analysis ofrandomised controlled trials. Obesity Research. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Dandona L, Dandona R. Estimation of global visualimpairment due to uncorrected refractive error. Bulletinof the World Health Organization. 2008;86(8):B-C.

Dandona L, Dandona R, Kumar G, Reddy G, AmeerM, Ahmed G, Ramgopal S, Akbar M, Sudha T, LakshmiV. Risk factors associated with HIV in a population-basedstudy in Andhra Pradesh state of India. InternationalJournal of Epidemiology. 2008;37:1274-86.

Dandona L, Kumar S, Kumar G, Dandona R. Economicanalysis of HIV prevention interventions in AndhraPradesh state of India to inform resource allocation.AIDS. 2009;23:233-42.

Dandona L, Kumar S, Ramesh Y, Rao M, Kumar G,Marseille E, Kahn J, Dandona R. Changing cost of HIVinterventions in the context of scaling up in India. AIDS.2008;22:S43–S49.

Dandona R, Kumar G, Ameer M, Ahmed G, DandonaL. Incidence and burden of road traffic injuries in urbanIndia. Injury Prevention. 2008;14:354-9.

Dandona R, Kumar G, Ameer M, Reddy G, DandonaL. Under-reporting of road traffic injuries to the police:results from two data sources in urban India. InjuryPrevention. 2008;14:360-5.

Davies R, Maher C, Hancock M. A systematic review ofparacetamol for non-specific low back pain. EuropeanSpine Journal. 2008;17:1423-30.

DETECT-2 Collaboration (Writing Committee: Lee C,Huxley R, Woodward M, Zimmet P, Shaw J, Cho N,Kim H, Viali S, Tominaga M, Vistisen D, Borch-JohnsenK, Colagiuri S). The metabolic syndrome identifies aheterogeneous group of metabolic componentcombinations in the Asia-Pacific region. DiabetesResearch and Clinical Practice. 2008;81:377-80.

Doig G, Simpson F, Finfer S, Delaney A, Davies A,Mitchell I, Dobb G; Nutrition Guidelines Investigators ofthe ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Effect of evidence-based feeding guidelines on mortality of critically illpatients: a cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal ofthe American Medical Association. 2008;300:2731-41.

Dufouil C, Godin O, Chalmers J, Coskun O, MacMahonS, Tzourio-Mazoyer N, Bousser M-G, Anderson C,Mazoyer B, Tzourio C. Severe cerebral white matterhyperintensities predict severe cognitive decline inpatients with cerebrovascular disease history. Stroke.2009;40:2219-21.

Dumoulin C, Ostelo R, Knottnerus JA, Smeets RJ. Whatfactors influence the measurement properties of theRoland-Morris Disability Questionnaire? EuropeanJournal of Pain. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Duric V, Stockler M, Butow P, Sharpe L, Heritier S, BeithJ, Boyle F, Wilcken N, Coates A, Simes R. Comparingpatients’ and their partners’ preferences for adjuvantchemotherapy in early breast cancer. Patient Educationand Counseling. 2008;72(2):239-45.

Elkins M. A coach-controlled rehabilitation programreduces the risk of reinjury among amateur soccerplayers. Synopsis. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy.2008;54:74.

Elkins M. Advances in and the future of evidence-basedphysiotherapy. Japanese Physical Therapy Journal. 2008;25:813-9.

Elkins M. Hydrotherapy and Tai Chi each provide clinicalimprovements for older people with osteoarthritis.Synopsis. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2008;54:143.

Elkins M. NIPSV for acute cardiogenic pulmonaryoedema does not increase the risk of myocardial infarctioncompared to CPAP. Synopsis. Australian Journal ofPhysiotherapy. 2008;54:142.

Fairhall N, Aggar C, Kurrle S, Sherrington C, Lord S,Lockwood K, Monaghan N, Cameron I. Study protocolFrailty Intervention Trial (FIT). BMC Geriatrics. 2008;8:27.

Ferreira M, Ferreira P, Latimer J, Herbert R, Maher C,Refshauge K. Relationship between spinal stiffness andoutcome in patients with chronic low back pain. ManualTherapy. 2009;14:61-7.

Ferreira M, Herbert R. What does ‘clinically important’really mean? Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2008;54:229-30.

Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Herbert RD, Latimer J. Peoplewith low back pain typically need to feel ‘much better’ toconsider intervention worthwhile: an observational study.Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55:123-7.

FIA Study Investigators (Writing Committee: Broderick J,Brown R, Sauerbeck L, Hornung R, Huston J, Woo D,Anderson C, Rouleau G, Kleindorfer D, Flaherty M,Meissner I, Foroud T, Moomaw C, Connelly S). Greaterrupture risk for familial as compared to sporadicunruptured intracranial aneurysms. Stroke. 2009;[Epubahead of print].

Finfer S. Corticosteroids in septic shock. Invited editorial.New England Journal of Medicine. 2008;358:188-90.

Finfer S, Delaney A. Tight glycemic control in critically illadults. Invited editorial. Journal of the American MedicalAssociation. 2008;300:963-5.

Finfer S, Marco Ranieri V, Taylor Thompson B, Barie P,Dhainaut J, Douglas I, Gårdlund B, Marshall J, Rhodes A.The PROWESS SHOCK trial: reply to Paramesh, et al.Intensive Care Medicine. 2009;35:385.

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Finfer S, Myburgh J. Investigator-initiated research inintensive care: achievement through collaboration.Resuscitation. 2008;78:245-7.

Finfer S, Ranieri V, Thompson B, Barie P, Dhainaut J,Douglas I, Gårdlund B, Marshall J, Rhodes A. Design,conduct, analysis and reporting of a multi-nationalplacebo-controlled trial of activated protein C forpersistent septic shock. Intensive Care Medicine. 2008;34:2319.

Fitzharris M, Dandona R, Kumar G, Dandona L.Crash characteristics and patterns of injury amonghospitalized motorised two-wheeled vehicle users inurban India. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:11.

Flynn S, Perkovic V. The Academic ResearchOrganisation – an evolutionary response to a changingresearch environment? Clinical Research Focus. 2008;19:9.

Foroud T, Sauerbeck L, Brown R, Anderson C, Woo D,Kleindorfer D, Flaherty M, Deka R, Hornung R, MeissnerI, Bailey-Wilson J, Langefeld C, Rouleau G, Connolly S,Lai D, Koller D, Huston J, Broderick J. Genome screen infamilial intracranial aneurysm. BMC Medical Genetics.2009;10:Art. No. 3.

Fransen M, McConnell S. Land-based exercise forosteoarthritis of the knee: a meta-analysis of randomisedcontrolled trials. Journal of Rheumatology. 2009;36:1109-17.

Fransen M, McConnell S. Exercise for osteoarthritis ofthe knee. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2008;8:CD004376.

Gallagher M, Jardine M, Perkovic V, Cass A,McDonald S, Petrie J, Eris J. Cyclosporine withdrawalimproves long term graft survival in renal transplantation.Transplantation. 2009; 87(12):1877-83.

Gallagher M, Langham R, Craig J, Walker R. KDIGOHepatitis C Guideline: implications for regional guidelinedevelopment and implementation. Nephrology. 2009;14(3):281-2.

Gibson PH, Croal BL, Cuthbertson BH, Chiwara M, ScottAE, Buchan KG, El-Shafei H, Gibson G, Jeffrey RR, HillisGS. The relationship between renal function and theoutcome from heart valve surgery. American HeartJournal. 2008;156(5):893-9.

Gibson PH, Croal B, Cuthbertson BH, Gibson G, JeffreyRR, Buchan KG, El-Shafei H, Hillis GS. Socioeconomicstatus and outcome from coronary artery bypassgrafting. Heart. 2009;95:793-8.

Griesdale DEG, de Souza RJ, van Dam RM, Heyland DK,Cook DJ, Malhotra A, Dhaliwal R, Henderson WR, TalmorD, Chittock DR, Finfer S. Intensive insulin therapy andmortality among critically ill patients: A meta-analysisincluding NICE-SUGAR study data. Canadian MedicalAssociation Journal. 2009;180:821-7.

Hackett M, Anderson C, House A, Halteh C. Interventionsfor preventing depression after stroke. CochraneDatabase of Systematic Reviews. 2008;16:CD003689.

Hackett M, Glozier N, House A. Moving the ambulanceto the top of the cliff: reducing the burden of depressivesymptoms after stroke. International Journal of Stroke.2009;4:180-2.

Hackett ML, Glozier N, Jan S, Lindley R. PsychosocialOutcomes in StrokE: the POISE observational stroke studyprotocol. BMC Neurology. 2009;9:24.

Hall A, Maher C, Latimer J, Ferreira M. Theeffectiveness of tai chi for chronic musculoskeletal painconditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arthritis Care and Research. 2009;61(6):717-24.

Hall AM, Maher CG, Latimer J, Ferreira ML, Lam P. Arandomized controlled trial of tai chi for long-term lowback pain (TAI CHI): study rationale, design, andmethods. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;[Epubahead of print].

Hancock M, Herbert R, Maher C. Clinical guide tointerpretation of studies investigating subgroups ofresponders to physiotherapy interventions. PhysicalTherapy. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Hancock M, Latimer J, Maher C. Spinal manipulativetherapy for acute low back pain: a clinical perspective.Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 2008;16:198-203.

Hancock M, Maher C, Herbert R. Answer to the letterto the editor of J. Hebert, et al. concerning “HancockMJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, Herbert RD, McAuley JH (2008)Independent evaluation of a clinical prediction rule forspinal manipulative therapy: a randomised controlledtrial”. European Spine Journal. 2008;17:1403-4.

Hancock M, Maher C, Herbert R, Latimer J, McAuleyJ. Can rate of recovery be predicted in patients withacute low back pain? Development of a clinicalprediction rule. European Journal of Pain. 2009;13:51-5.

Hancock M, Maher C, Latimer J, Herbert R, McAuleyJ. Independent evaluation of a clinical prediction rule forspinal manipulative therapy: a randomised controlledtrial. European Spine Journal. 2008;17:936-43.

Hancock MJ, Maher CG, Latimer J, Herbert RD,McAuley JH. Author’s reply to “Clinical prediction rulefor spinal manipulation does not discriminate patients inan Australian physiotherapy primary care setting”. Focuson Alternative and Complimentary Therapies. 2008;13:284-5.

Harvey L, Herbert R, Glinsky J, Moseley A, Bowden J.Effects of 6 months of regular passive movements onankle joint mobility in people with spinal cord injury: arandomised controlled trial. Spinal Cord. 2009;47:62-6.

Hassett L, Moseley A, Tate R, Harmer A, Fairbairn T,Leung J. The efficacy of a fitness centre-based exerciseprogram compared to a home-based exercise programin traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial.Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2009;41:247-55.

Heerspink H, Ninomiya T, Zoungas S, de Zeeuw D,Grobbee D, Jardine M, Gallagher M, Roberts M, Cass

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A, Neal B, Perkovic V. Effect of lowering blood pressureon cardiovascular events and mortality in patients ondialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis ofrandomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2009;373:1009-15.

Helmhout P, Staal J, Maher C, Petersen T, Rainville J,Shaw W. Exercise therapy and low back pain: insightsand proposals to improve the design, conduct, andreporting of clinical trials on the effects of therapeuticexercise in low back pain. Spine. 2008;33:1782-8.

Henderson K, Worth H, Aggleton P, Kippax S.Enhancing HIV prevention requires addressing thecomplex relationship between prevention and treatment.Global Public Health. 2009;49(2):117-30.

Henschke N, Maher C, Refshauge K, Herbert R,Cumming R, Bleasel J, York J, Das A, McAuley J.Characteristics of acute low back pain patientspresenting to primary care. Clinical Journal of Pain. 2009;25:5-11.

Henschke N, Maher C, Refshauge K, Herbert R,Cumming R, Bleasel J, York J, Das A, McAuley J.Prognosis in patients with recent onset low back pain inAustralian primary care: inception cohort study. BritishMedical Journal. 2008;7(337):a171.

Herbert R. The International Society of PhysiotherapyJournal Editors. Editorial. Revista Brasiliera de Fisioterapia.2008;12:v-vi.

Herbert R. Researchers should make data freely available.Editorial. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2008;54:3.

Herbert R. Stretching before or after physical activitydoes not reduce muscle soreness or injury risk.Kinisetherapie, la Revue. 2008:38-40.

HIPAID Collaborative Group (Writing Committee: FransenM, Neal B, Cameron ID, Crawford R, Tregonning G,Winstanley J, Norton R). Determinants of heterotopicossification after total hip replacement surgery. HipInternational. 2009;19(1):41-6.

Hoang P, Saboisky J, Gandevia SC, Herbert R. Passivemechanical properties of gastrocnemius in people withmultiple sclerosis. Clinical Biomechanics. 2009;24:291-8.

Hocking R, McAuley J, Maher C. A systematic reviewof the predictive ability of the Orebro MusculoskeletalPain Questionnaire. Spine. 2008;33:E494-E500.

Howard K, Salkeld G, White S, McDonald S, Chadban S,Craig S, Cass A. The cost effectiveness of increasingkidney transplantation and home based dialysis.Nephrology. 2009;14:123-32.

Hu J, Jiang X, Li N, Yu X, Perkovic V, Chen B, Zhao L,Neal B, Wu Y. Effects of salt substitute on pulse waveanalysis among individuals at high cardiovascular risk inrural China: a randomized controlled trial. HypertensionResearch. 2009;32(4):282-8.

Hung D, Stevenson M, Ivers R. Barriers to, and factorsassociated, with observed motorcycle helmet use inVietnam. Accident Analysis and Prevention. 2008;40:1627-33.

Hush J, Refshauge K, Sullivan G, De Souza L, Maher C,McAuley J. Recovery: what does this mean to patientswith low back pain? Arthritis Care and Research.2009;61:124-31.

Hush JM, Michaleff Z, Maher CG, Refshauge K.Individual, physical and psychological risk factors for neckpain in Australian office workers: a 1-year longitudinalstudy. European Spine Journal. 2009;[Epub ahead ofprint].

Huxley R, Ansary-Moghaddam A, Clifton P,Czernichow S, Parr C, Woodward M. The impact ofdietary and lifestyle risk factors on the risk of colorectalcancer: a quantitative overview of the epidemiologicalevidence. International Journal of Cancer. 2009;125(1):171-80.

Huynh D, Dibley M, Sibbritt D, Tran H. Energy andmacronutrient intakes in preschool children in urbanareas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. BMC Pediatrics.2008;8:Art. No. 44.

HYVET Investigators [Anderson C]. Incident dementiaand blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in theVery Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. LancetNeurology. 2008;7(8):683-9.

Irish A, Dogra G, Mori T, Beller E, Heritier S, Hawley C,Kerr P, Robertson A, Rosman J, Paul-Brent P, Starfield M,Polkinghorne K, Cass A. Preventing AVF thrombosis: therationale and design of the Omega-3 fatty acids (FishOils) and Aspirin in Vascular access OUtcomes in REnalDisease (FAVOURED) study. BMC Nephrology. 2009;10:1-12.

Ivers R, Aeron-Thomas A. Police patrols for alcohol-related crashes: more rigorous evaluation needed. InjuryPrevention. 2008;14:408-9.

Jamtvedt G, Herbert RD, Flottorp S, Odgaard-Jensen J,Håvelsrud K, Barratt A, Mathieu E, Burls A, Oxman AD.A pragmatic randomised trial of stretching before andafter physical activity to prevent injury and soreness.British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2009;[Epub ahead ofprint].

Johnson D, Clark C, Isbel N, Hawley C, Beller E, Cass A,de Zoysa J, McTaggart S, Playford G, Rosser B, ThompsonC, Snelling P; HONEYPOT Study Group. A randomised,controlled trial of exit site application of medihoneyantibacterial wound gel for the prevention of catheter-associated infections in peritoneal dialysis patients: TheHONEYPOT study. Peritoneal Dialysis International.2009;29(3):303-9.

Johnson D, Hawley C, Rosser B, Beller E, Thompson C,Fassett R, Ferrari P, McDonald S, Pedagogos E, Cass A,HERO Study Group. Oxpentifylline versus placebo in thetreatment of erythropoietin-resistant anaemia: arandomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrology. 2008;9:8.

Joshi R, Chow CK, Raju PK, Reddy S, MacMahon S,Lopez AD, Neal B. Fatal and non-fatal cardiovasculardisease and the use of therapies for secondary prevention

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in a rural region of India. Circulation. 2009;119(14):1850-2.

Joshi R, Jan S, Wu Y, MacMahon S. Global inequalitiesin access to cardiovascular healthcare: our greatestchallenge. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.2008;52:1817-25.

Joshi R, Lopez A, MacMahon S, Reddy K, Dandona R,Dandona L, Neal B. Verbal autopsy coding – aremultiple coders better than one? Bulletin of the WorldHealth Organization. 2009;87:51-7.

Joshi R, Turnbull F. Validity of self-reportedcardiovascular disease. Internal Medicine Journal. 2009;39(1):49-53.

Kamper S, Maher C, Mackay G. Global rating ofchange scales: a review of strengths and weaknesses andconsiderations for design. Journal of Manual andManipulative Therapy. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Kamper S, Rebbeck T, Maher C, McAuley J, SterlingM. Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: asystematic review and meta-analysis. Pain. 2008;138:617-29.

Kang X, Fransen M, Zhang Y, Li H, Ke Y, Su S, Lu M,Song X, Guo Y, Chen J, Felson D, Lin J. The highprevalence of knee osteoarthritis in a rural Chinesepopulation: The Wuchuan OA Study. Arthritis &Rheumatism. 2009;61:641-7.

Ke L, Brock K, Cant R, Li Y, Morrell S. The relationshipbetween obesity and blood pressure differs by ethnicityin Sydney school children. American Journal ofHypertension. 2008;[Epub ahead of print].

Keay L, Edwards K, Dart J, Stapleton F. Grading contactlens-related microbial keratitis: relevance to diseaseburden. Optometry and Vision Science. 2008;85:531-7.

Keay L, Lindsley K, Tielsch J, Katz J, Schein O.Preoperative medical testing for cataract surgery.Cochrane Database Systematic Review. 2009;15(2):CD007293.

Keay L, Munoz B, Turano KA, Hassan SE, Munro CA,Duncan DD, Baldwin K, Bandeen-Roche KJ, Jasti S,Gower EW, West SK. Visual and cognitive deficits predictstopping or restricting driving: the Salisbury EyeEvaluation Driving Study (SEEDS). InvestigativeOphthalmology Visual Science. 2009;50:107-13.

Keenan K, Hayen A, Neal B, Irwig L. Long termmonitoring in patients receiving treatment to lowerblood pressure: analysis of data from placebo controlledrandomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Kengne AP, Awah K. Classical cardiovascular risk factorsand all-cause mortality in rural Cameroon. QuarterlyJournal of Medicine. 2009;102:209-15.

Kengne AP, Dzudie A, Sobngwi E. Heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review with emphasis onindividuals with diabetes. Vascular Health and RiskManagement. 2008;4:123-30.

Kengne AP, Fezeu L, Awah P, Sobngwi E, Dongmo S,Mbanya J. Nurse-led care for epilepsy at primary level ina rural health district in Cameroon. Epilepsia. 2008;49:1639-42.

Kengne AP, Njamnshi A, Mbanya J. Cardiovascular riskreduction in diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa: what shouldthe priorities be in the absence of global risk evaluationtools? Clinical Medicine: Cardiology. 2008;2:25-31.

Kengne AP, Sobngwi E, Fezeu L, Awah P, Dongmo S,Mbanya J. Nurse-led care for asthma at primary level inrural sub-Saharan Africa: the experience of Bafut inCameroon. Journal of Asthma. 2008;45:437-43.

Kim J, Askew I, Muvhango L, Dwane N, Abramsky T, JanS, Ntlemo E, Chege J, Watts C. Practice qualityimprovement report comprehensive care and HIVprophylaxis after sexual assault in rural South Africa: theRefentse intervention study. British Medical Journal.2009;338:Art. No. b515.

Knutson KL, Van Cauter E, Rathouz PJ, Yan LL, HulleySB, Liu K, Lauderdale DS. Association between sleep andblood pressure in mid life: The CARDIA Sleep Study.Archives of Internal Medicine. 2009;169(11):1055-61.

Kondalsamy-Chennakesavan S, Maskiell A, Jackson D,Obermair A. Elextronic data capture in the Australianhealthcare industry. The Monitor. 2008;7-11.

Lakshmi V, Sudha T, Dandona R, Teja V, Kumar G,Dandona L. Application of human immunodeficiencyvirus type 1 BED enzyme immunoassay on dried bloodspots in India. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2009;58:312-7.

Lauderdale DS, Knutson KL, Yan LL, Liu K, Rathouz PJ.Self-reported and measured sleep duration: how similarare they? The CARDIA Sleep Study. Epidemiology.2008;19(6):838-45.

Lee C, Huxley R, Wildman R, Woodward M. Indices ofabdominal obesity are better discriminators ofcardiovascular risk factors than BMI: a meta-analysis.Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2008;61:646-53.

Lee TS, Kilbreath SL, Refshauge KM, Herbert R, BeithJM. Prognosis of the upper limb following surgery andradiation for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research andTreatment. 2008;110:19-37.

Li M, Li S, Baur L, Huxley R. A systematic review ofschool-based intervention studies for the prevention orreduction of excess weight among Chinese children andadolescents. Obesity Reviews. 2008;9:548-59.

Liang L, Wu Y, Zhao L, Chen Z, Zhu J. Differences in goalattainment in clinical management of dyslipidemia inChina evaluated by different guidelines. Chinese Journalof Cardiology. 2009; 37(4):363-8.

Lin C, Haas M, Moseley A, Herbert R, Refshauge K.Cost and utilisation of healthcare resources duringrehabilitation after ankle fracture are not linked to healthinsurance, income, gender, or pain: an observationalstudy. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2008;54:201-8.

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Lin C, Moseley A, Haas M, Refshauge K, Herbert R.Manual therapy in addition to physiotherapy does notimprove clinical or economic outcomes after anklefracture. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2008;40:433-9.

Lin C, Moseley A, Herbert R, Refshauge K. Pain anddorsiflexion range of motion predict outcome after anklefracture. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2008;55:31-7.

Lin C, Moseley A, Refshauge K. Effects of rehabilitationafter ankle fracture: a Cochrane systematic review.European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2008;[Epub ahead of print].

Lin C, Moseley A, Refshauge K. Rehabilitation for anklefractures in adults (Cochrane review). Cochrane Databaseof Systematic Reviews. 2008;16:CD005595.

Lin CC, Moseley AM, Refshauge KM, Bundy AC. Thelower extremity functional scale has good clinimetricproperties in people with ankle fracture. Physical Therapy.2009;89(6):580-8.

Lin CW, March L, Crosbie J, Crawford R, Graves S,Naylor J, Harmer A, Jan S, Bennell K, Harris I, Parker D,Moffet H, Fransen M. Maximum recovery after kneereplacement - the MARKER study rationale and protocol.BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2009;10(1):69.

Liu B, Finfer S. Intravenous fluids in adults undergoingsurgery. British Medical Journal. 2009;338:b2418.

Lo S, Heritier S, Hudson M. Saddlepoint approximationfor Semi-Markov Processes with application to acardiovascular randomized study. Computational Statistics& Data Analysis. 2009;53:683-98.

Lord SR, Sherrington C, Menz HB. Falls in older peopleat home: risk factors and intervention strategies. Journalof the Human-Environment Systems. 2008;11:37-42.

Macedo L, Magee D. Differences in range of motionbetween dominant and nondominant sides of upper andlower extremities. Journal of Manipulative andPhysiological Therapeutics. 2008;31:577-82.

Macedo L, Maher C, Latimer J, McAuley J. Motorcontrol exercise for persistent non-specific low back pain:a systematic review. Physical Therapy. 2009;89(1):9-25.

Machado L, Kamper S, Herbert R, Maher C,McAuley J. Imperfect placebos are common in low backpain trials. A systematic review of the literature.European Spine Journal. 2008;17:889-904.

Machado LAC, Kamper SJ, Herbert RD, Maher CG,McAuley JH. Analgesic effects of treatments for non-specific low back pain: a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized trials. Rheumatology. 2009;48(5):520-7.

MacMahon S, Alderman M, Lindholm L, Liu L, SanchezR, Seedat Y. Blood-pressure-related disease is a globalhealth priority. American Journal of Hypertension. 2008;21:843-4.

MacMahon S, Alderman M, Lindholm L, Liu L, SanchezR, Seedat Y. Blood-pressure-related disease is a globalhealth priority. Journal of Hypertension. 2008;26:2071-2.

Maher C, Moseley A, Sherrington C, Elkins M,Herbert R. A description of the trials, reviews, andpractice guidelines indexed in the PEDro database.Physical Therapy. 2008;88:1068-77.

Marik P, Myburgh J, Annane D, Vincent J, Pastores S,Meduri G, Beishuizen A. What conclusions should bedrawn between critical care physician management andpatient mortality in the intensive care unit? Annals ofInternal Medicine. 2008;149(10):770-1.

Marshall N, Glozier N, Grunstein R. Is sleep durationrelated to obesity? A critical review of the epidemiologicalevidence. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2008;12:289-98.

Marshall N, Glozier N, Grunstein R. Reply to Taheri andThomas: Is sleep duration related to obesity – U cannotbe taken seriously. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 2008;300:963-5.

Martiniuk A, Millar H, Malefoasi G, Vergeer P, GarlandT, Knight S. Cooperation, integration, and long-termcommitment: what Solomon Islanders and developmentworkers say about health sector aid. Asia Pacific Journalof Public Health. 2008;20:287-97.

MERIT Study Investigators (Writing Committee: Chen J,Cretikos M, Hillman K, Bellomo R, Finfer S, Flabouris A).The relationship between early emergency team calls andserious adverse events. Critical Care Medicine. 2009;37(1):148-53.

MERIT Study Investigators (Writing Committee: Chen J,Flabouris A, Bellomo R, Hillman K, Finfer S). The MedicalEmergency Team System and Not-for-ResuscitationOrders: Results from the MERIT Study. Resuscitation.2008;74:391-7.

Merz TM, Finfer S. Intensive insulin treatment. MinervaAnestesiologica. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Moran M, Guzman J, Ropars A, McDonald A,Jameson N, Omune B, Ryan S, Wu L. Neglecteddisease research and development: how much are wereally spending? PLoS Medicine. 2009;6:137-46.

Moseley A, Sherrington C, Lord S, Barraclough E, StGeorge R, Cameron I. Mobility training after hip fracture:a randomised controlled trial. Age and Ageing. 2009;38:74-80.

Moseley AM, Elkins MR, Herbert RD, Maher CG,Sherrington C. Cochrane reviews used more rigorousmethods than non-Cochrane reviews: survey of systematicreviews in physiotherapy. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Moseley AM, Sherrington C, Elkins MR, HerbertRD, Maher CG. Indexing of randomised controlled trialsof physiotherapy interventions: a comparison of AMED,CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, Hooked on Evidence,PEDro, PsycINFO and PubMed. Physiotherapy. 2009;[Published online on 24 April].

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Mowatt G, Cook JA, Hillis GS, Walker S, Fraser C, Jia X,Waugh N. 64-slice computed tomography angiographyin the diagnosis and assessment of coronary arterydisease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart.2008;94(11):1386-93.

Myburgh J. A comparison of epinephrine andnorepinephrine in critically ill patients. Reply to Oud.Intensive Care Medicine. 2009;35:1310.

Myburgh J. The evidence for small-volume resuscitationwith hyperoncotic albumin in critical illness. Critical Care.2008;12:143.

Myburgh J. The case for adrenaline. Critical Care andResuscitation. 2008;10:178-9.

Myburgh J, Higgins A, Jovanovska A, Lipman J,Ramakrishnan N, Santamaria J; CAT Study investigators.A comparison of epinephrine and norepinephrine incritically ill patients. Intensive Care Medicine. 2008;34:2226-34.

Myburgh JA, Finfer SR. Albumin is a blood product too– is it safe for all patients? Critical Care and Resuscitation.2009;11:67-70.

Navaneethan S, Perkovic V, Johnson D, Nigwekar S,Craig J, Strippoli G. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors(statins) for dialysis patients. Cochrane Database ofSystematic Review. 2009;3:CD004289.

Navaratne K, Fonseka P, Rajapakshe L, Somatunga L,Ameratunga S, Ivers R, Dandona R. Population-basedestimates for injuries in Sri Lanka. Injury Prevention.2009;15(3):170-5.

Negin J. Australia and New Zealand’s contribution toPacific Island health worker brain drain. Australian andNew Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2008;32:507-11.

NICE Study Management Committee & SUGAR StudyExecutive Committee: Finfer S, Heritier S. The NICE-SUGAR (Normoglycaemia in Intensive Care Evaluationand Survival Using Glucose Algorithm Regulation) Study:statistical analysis plan. Critical Care & Resuscitation.2009;11:46-57.

NICE SUGAR Study Investigators (Writing Committee:Finfer S, Chittock D, Su S, Blair D, Foster D, Bellomo R,Cook D, Dhingra V, Dodek P, Hebert P, Henderson W,Heritier S, Heyland D, McArthur C, McDonald E,Mitchell I, Myburgh J, Norton R, Potter J, Robinson B,Ronco J). Intensive versus conventional glucose controlin critically ill patients. New England Journal of Medicine.2009;360:1283-97.

Nigwekar S, Cass A, Gallagher M, Jardine M, Kang A,Kulshrestha S, Navaneethan S, Perkovic V, Strippoli G,Zoungas S. Interventions for lowering plasmahomocysteine levels in dialysis patients [Protocol].Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. 2009;2:CD004683.

Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Verdon C, Barzi F, Cass A,Gallagher M, Jardine M, Anderson C, Chalmers J,Craig J, Huxley R. Proteinuria and stroke: a meta-analysis

of cohort studies. American Journal of Kidney Disease.2009;53:417-25.

Obesity in Asia Collaboration (Writing Committee: BarziF, Woodward M, Czernichow S, Ying Lee CM, KangJH, Janus E, Lear S, Patel A, Caterson I, Patel J, Lam TH,Suriyawongpaisal P, Huxley R). The discrimination ofdyslipidaemia using anthropometric measures inethnically diverse populations of the Asia Pacific Region:The Obesity in Asia Collaboration. Obesity Reviews.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Obesity in Asia Collaboration (Writing Committee:Huxley R, Barzi F, Lee C, Janus E, Lam T, Caterson I,Azizi F, Lear S, Patel J, Shaw J, Adam J, Oh S, Kang J,Zimmet P, Woodward M). Is central obesity a betterdiscriminator of the risk of hypertension than body massindex in ethically diverse population? Journal ofHypertension. 2008;26:169-77.

ONTARGET Investigators (Writing Committee:Cukierman-Yaffe T, Teo K, Jackson S, Anderson C,Sleight P, Hillbrich L, Gerstein H, Yusuf S). Glucoseintolerance and diabetes as risk factors for cognitiveimpairment in people at high cardiovascular risk: resultsfrom the ONTARGET/TRANSCEND. Diabetes Researchand Clinical Practice. 2009;83:387-93.

ONTARGET Investigators. Prognostic value of bloodpressure in patients with high vascular risk in theOngoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination withRamipril Global Endpoint Trial study. Journal ofHypertension. 2009;7:1360-9.

ONTARGET Investigators. Renal outcomes withtelmisartan, ramipril, or both in people at high vascularrisk: results from a multicenter, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2008; 372(9638):547-53.

Ostelo R, Costa L, Maher C, de Vet H, van Tulder M.Rehabilitation after lumbar disc surgery (update).Cochrane Database of Systematic Review. 2008;4:CD003007.

Overland S, Glozier N, Henderson M, Hotopf M,Mykletun A. Health status before, during and afterdisability pension award: the Hordaland Health Study(HUSK). Occupational and Environmental Medicine.2008;65:769-73.

Patel A. Cardiovascular risk – who should we treat andhow much should we stratify. Heart. 2009;95(10):783-4.

Patel A, Joshi R, de Galan B. Trials of cardiovascularrisk factor management in type 2 diabetes. CurrentOpinion in Cardiology. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Peiris D, Brown A, Cass A. Addressing inequities inaccess to quality health care for indigenous people.Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2008;179:985-6.

Peiris D, Murray J, Scully D, Tilikawardene V, Hetaraka-Stevens L, Stewart T, Patel A. Cardiovascular riskmanagement at a Maori-led Primary Health Organisation- findings from a cross sectional audit. New ZealandMedical Journal. 2008;121:35-46.

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Perkovic V, Heerspink H, Ninomiya T, Cass A, NealB. Blood pressure in dialysis patients - look before weleap. Reply. Lancet. 2009;373(9679):1945-6.

Perkovic V, Verdon C, Ninomiya T, Barzi F, Cass A,Patel A, Jardine M, Gallagher M, Turnbull F,Chalmers J, Craig J, Huxley R. The relationshipbetween proteinuria and coronary risk: a systematicreview and meta-analysis. PLoS Medicine. 2008;5:e207.

PROGRESS Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Ninomiya T, Donnan G, Anderson N, Bladin C, ChamersB, Gordon G, Sharpe N, Chalmers J, Woodward M,Neal B). Effects of the endpoint adjudication process onthe results of the Perindopril Protection AgainstRecurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS). Stroke. 2009;40(6):2111-5.

PROGRESS Collaborative Group (Writing Committee:Ninomiya T, Perkovic V, Gallagher M, Jardine M,Cass A, Arima H, Anderson C, Neal B, Woodward M,Omae T, MacMahon S, Chalmers J). Lower bloodpressure and the risk of recurrent stroke in patients withchronic kidney disease: results of the PROGRESS trial.Kidney International. 2008;73(8):963-70.

Rajagopalan S, Croal BL, Bachoo P, Hillis GS, CuthbertsonBH, Brittenden J. N-terminal pro B-type natriureticpeptide is an independent predictor of postoperativemyocardial injury in patients undergoing major vascularsurgery. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2008;48(4):912-7.

Reade M, Warrillow S, Myburgh J, Bellomo R. Guidancein sepsis management: navigating uncharted waters?Critical Care. 2008;12:Art. No. 428.

RENAL Study Investigators (Writing Committee: BellomoR, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M, Goldsmith D,Myburgh J, Norton R, Scheinkestel C). Design andchallenges of the Randomized Evaluation of Normalversus Augmented Level replacement therapy (RENAL)trial: High-Dose versus Standard-Dose Hemofiltration inAcute Renal Failure. Blood Purification. 2008;26(5):407-16.

RENAL Study Investigators (Writing Committee: BellomoR, Cass A, Cole L, Finfer S, Gallagher M, Goldsmith D,Myburgh J, Norton R, Scheinkestel C). Renalreplacement therapy for acute kidney injury in Australiaand New Zealand intensive care units: a practice survey.Critical Care and Resuscitation. 2008;10(3):225-30.

RENAL Study Investigators (Writing Committee: FinferS, Cass A, Gallagher M, Lee J, Su S, Bellomo R). TheRENAL (Randomised Evaluation of Normal vs. AugmentedLevel of Replacement Therapy) study: statistical analysisplan. Critical Care & Resuscitation. 2009;11:55-66.

Rietbrock S, Heeley E, Plumb J, van Staa T. Chronic atrialfibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction ofstroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension,Age >75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transientischemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme.American Heart Journal. 2008;156:57-64.

Rodgers A, Patel A. Why is there more heat than lightconcerning the polypill? British Medical Journal.2008;337:a2162.

Rong Y, Luscombe G, Davenport T, Huang Y, GlozierN, Hickie I. Recognition and treatment of depression: acomparison of Australian and Chinese medical students.Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology.2008;[Epub ahead of print].

SAINT II Trial Investigators (Writing Committee:Anderson C). NXY-059 for the treatment of acuteischemic stroke. Stroke. 2008;[Epub ahead of print].

Senserrick T. Australian graduated driver licensingsystems. Journal of the Australasian College of RoadSafety. 2009;20(1):20-6.

Senserrick T, Elliot M, Winston F. Response to ‘Reducerisk by reducing driving’ by Michael McGettigan,President Trophy Bikes University City, Philadelphia.Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine.2008;162:898.

Sepsis Study Investigators for the ANZICS Clinical TrialsGroup (Writing Committee: Dulhunty J, Lipman J, FinferS). Does severe non-infectious SIRS differ from severesepsis? Intensive Care Medicine. 2008;34(9):1654-61.

Sherrington C, Lord S, Vogler C, Close J, Howard K,Dean C, Clemson L, Barraclough E, Ramsay E, O’RourkeS, Cumming R. Minimising disability and falls in olderpeople through a post-hospital exercise program: aprotocol for a randomised controlled trial and economicevaluation. BMC Geriatrics. 2009;26:8.

Sherrington C, Pamphlett P, Jacka J, Olivetti L, NugentJ, Hall J, Dorsch S, Kwan MS, Lord S. Group exercise canimprove participants’ mobility in an outpatientrehabilitation setting: a randomised controlled trial.Clinical Rehabilitation. 2008;22:493-502.

Sherrington C, Whitney J, Lord S, Herbert R, CummingR, Close J. Effective exercise for the prevention of falls –a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of theAmerican Geriatrics Society. 2008;56:2234-43.

Siribaddana S, Ball H, Hewage S, Glozier N, Kovas Y,Dayaratne D, Sumathipala A, McGuffin P, Hotopf H.Colombo Twin and Singleton Study (CoTASS): Adescription of a population based twin study of mentaldisorders in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8:49.

Sivertsen B, Overland S, Glozier N, Bjorvatn B, MælandJ, Mykletun A. The effect of OSAS on sick leave and workdisability. European Respiratory Journal. 2008;32:1497-503.

Smeets RJ, Severens JL, Beelen S, Vlaeyen JW, KnottnerusJA. More is not always better: cost-effectiveness analysisof combined, single behavioral and single physicalrehabilitation programs for chronic low back pain.European Journal of Pain. 2009;13(1):71-81.

Smeets RJ, van Geel KD, Verbunt JA. Is the fearavoidance model associated with the reduced level ofaerobic fitness in patients with chronic low back pain?

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Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2009;90:109-17.

Smeets RJEM. Do lumbar stabilising exercises reducepain and disability in patients with recurrent low backpain? Commentary. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy.2009;55:128.

Smeets RJEM, van Soest M. The usability of a modifiedAstrand bicycle test to assess the aerobic capacity inpatients with musculoskeletal pain and healthy controls.Disability and Rehabilitation. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Smeets RJEM, Vlaeyen JWS, Hidding A, Kester ADM,van der Heijden GJMG, Knottnerus JA. Chronische lagerugpijn: fysieke training, stapsgewijs opgevoerde activiteitmet probleemoplossende training, of combinatie. Geenverschil in effectiviteit (Chronic low back pain: physicaltraining, graded activity with problem solving training,or both? The one-year post-treatment results of arandomized controlled trial) [Dutch]. NederlandsTijdschrift voor Geneeskunde. 2009;153:543-9.

Smith M, Hopkins D, Peveler R, Holt R, Woodward M,Ismail K. First V second-generation antipsychotics andrisk for diabetes in schizophrenia: systematic review andmeta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2008;192:406-11.

Stanton T, Henschke N, Maher C, Refshauge K, LatimerJ, McAuley J. After an episode of acute low back pain,recurrence is unpredictable and not as common aspreviously thought. Spine. 2008;33:2923-8.

Stanton TR, Latimer J, Maher CG, Hancock M.Definitions of recurrence of an episode of low back pain:a systematic review. Spine. 2009;34(9):E316-E322.

Stanton TR, Maher CG, Hancock M. On “Clinicalprediction rules for physical therapy interventions: Asystematic review” Beneciuk JM, et al. Phys Ther.2009;89:114-124. Letter. Physical Therapy. 2009;89:394.

Stevenson M. Measuring the global burden of roadtraffic injury: implications for low-income and middle-income countries. Injury Prevention. 2009;15:1-2.

Stevenson M, Yu J, Hendrie D, Li L, Ivers R, Zhou Y, SuS, Norton R. Reducing the burden of road traffic injury:translating high-income country interventions to middle-income and low-income countries. Injury Prevention.2008;14:284-9.

Stewart M, Maher C, Refshauge K, Herbert R, NicholasM. Patient and clinician treatment preferences do notmoderate the effect of exercise treatment in chronicwhiplash-associated disorder. European Journal of Pain.2008;12:879-85.

Struyf PA, van Heugten CM, Hitters MW, Smeets RJ. Theprevalence of osteoarthritis of the intact hip and kneeamong traumatic leg amputees. Archives of PhysicalMedicine and Rehabilitation. 2009;90:440-6.

Su S. Confidence intervals for quantiles using generalizedlambda distributions. Computational Statistics & DataAnalysis. 2009;53(9):3324-33.

Swamy B, Cumming R, Ivers R, Clemson L, Cullen J,Hayes M, Tanzer M, Mitchell P. Vision screening for frailolder people: a randomized trial. British Journal ofOphthalmology. 2008;[Epub ahead of print].

Tack C, Christov V, de Galan B, Derwahl K, KlausmannG, Pelikánová T, Perusicova J, 005 Study Group.Randomized forced titration to different doses ofTechnosphere insulin demonstrates reduction inpostprandial glucose excursions and hemoglobin A1c inpatients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of DiabetesScience and Technology. 2008;2:47-57.

Teo K, Liu L, Chow C, Wang X, Islam S, Jiang L,Sanderson J, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S, INTERHEARTInvestigators in China. Potentially modifiable risk factorsassociated with myocardial infarction in China: theInterHeart Study. Heart. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Tiedemann A, Shimada H, Sherrington C, Murray S,Lord S. The comparative ability of eight functionalmobility tests for predicting falls in community-dwellingolder people. Age and Ageing. 2008;37:430-5.

Titaley C, Dibley M, Agho K, Roberts C, Hall J.Determinants of neonatal mortality in Indonesia. BMCPublic Health. 2008;9:232.

Trang N, Hong T, Dibley M, Sibbritt D. Factors associatedwith physical inactivity in adolescents in Ho Chi MinhCity, Vietnam. Medicine and Science in Sports andExercise. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

TRANSCEND Investigators (Writing Committee: Yusuf S,Teo K, Anderson C, Pogue J, Dyal L, Copland I,Schumacher H, Dagenais, Sleight P). Effects of theangiotensin receptor blocker, telmisartan, on cardiovascularevents in high-risk patients intolerant to ACE-inhibitors.Erratum. Lancet. 2008;372(9647):1384.

Travakoli M, Pumford N, Woodward M, Doney A,Chalmers J, MacMahon S, MacWalter R. An economicevaluation of a perindopril-based blood pressure loweringregimen for patients who have suffered a cerebrovascularevent. European Journal of Health Economics. 2009;10:111-9.

Turano KA, Munoz B, Hassan SE, Duncan DD, GowerEW, Bandeen Roche K, Keay L, Munro CA, West SK.Poor sense of direction is associated with constricteddriving space in older drivers. Journal of Gerontology B:Psychological Science Social Science. 2009;64(3):348-55.

van Heerden P, Myburgh J. What’s in a name? CriticalCare and Resuscitation. 2008;10:333.

Wallen M, Ziviani J, Herbert R, Evans R, Novak I.Modified constraint-induced therapy for children withhemiplegic cerebral palsy: a feasibility study. DevelopmentalNeurorehabilitation. 2008;11:124-33.

Wan Q, Harris M, Zwar N, Campbell T, Patel A, VagholkarS, McKenzie S, Walker C, Denney-Wilson E. Studyprotocol for a randomized controlled trial: the feasibilityand impact of cardiovascular absolute risk assessment inAustralian general practice. American Heart Journal.2009;157:436-41.

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Wand BM, Bird C, McAuley JH, Doré CJ, MacDowell M,de Souza LH. Early intervention for the management ofacute low back pain. Spine. 2009;29(21):2350-6.

Wand BM, Hunter R, O’Connell NE, Marston L, McAuleyJ. The self-reported aggravating activities of people withchronic non-specific low back pain do not involveconsistent directions of spinal movement: an observationalstudy. Australian Journal of Physiotherapy. 2009;55(1):47-51.

Wang S, Li Y, Chi G, Xiao S, Ozanne-Smith J, StevensonM, Phillips M. Injury-related fatalities in China: an under-recognised public-health problem. Lancet. 2008;372:1765-72.

Welsh P, Lowe G, Chalmers J, Campbell D, Rumley A,Neal B, MacMahon S, Woodward M. Associations ofproinflammatory cytokines with the risk of recurrentstroke. Stroke. 2008;39:2226-30.

Whincup P, Kaye S, Owen C, Huxley R, Cook D,Anazawa S, Barrett-Connor E, Bhargava S, Birgisdottir B,Carlsson S, de Rooij S, Dyck R, Eriksson J, Falkner B, FallC, Forsen T, Grill V, Gudnason V, Hulman S, HypponenE, Jeffreys M, Lawlor D, Leon D, Minami J, Mishra G,Osmond C, Power C, Rich-Edwards J, Roseboom T,Sachdev H, Syddall H, Thorsdottir I, Vanhala M,Wadsworth M, Yarbrough D. Birth weight and risk oftype 2 Diabetes: a systematic review. Journal of theAmerican Medical Association. 2008;300(24):2886-97.

White S, McGeechan K, Jones M, Cass A, Chadban A,Polkinghorne K, Perkovic V, Roderick P. Socioeconomicdisadvantage and kidney disease in the United States,Australia, and Thailand. American Journal of PublicHealth. 2008;98:1306-13.

White S, Perkovic V, Cass A, Chang C, Poulter N,Spector T, Haysom L, Craig J, Al Salmi I, Chadban S,Huxley R. Is low birth weight an antecedent of chronickidney disease in later life? A systematic review ofobservational studies. American Journal of Kidney Disease.2009;[Epub ahead of print].

White S, Polkinghorne K, Cass A, Shaw J, Atkins R,Chadban S. Alcohol consumption and 5-year onset ofchronic kidney disease: the AusDiab study. Nephrology,Dialysis, Transplantation. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

White S, Polkinghorne K, Cass A, Shaw J, Atkins R,Chadban S. Limited knowledge of kidney disease in asurvey of AusDiab participants. Medical Journal ofAustralia. 2008;188:204-8.

Woodward M, Croft K, Mori T, Headlam H, Wang X,Suarna C, Raftery M, MacMahon S, Stocker R.Association between both lipid and protein oxidationand the risk of fatal or non-fatal coronary heart diseasein a human population. Clinical Science. 2009;116:53-60.

Wu Y, Anna V, Huxley R, Li L, Xie G, Yao C, Woodward M,Li X, Chalmers J, Gao R, Kong L, Yang X. The prevalence,awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in China:data from the China National Nutrition and HealthSurvey (NNHS) 2002. Circulation. 2008;118:2679-86.

Wu Y, Huxley R, Li M, Ma J. The growing burden ofoverweight and obesity in contemporary China. CVDPrevention and Control. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

Yong A, Groenestein P, Brieger D, Lowe H, KritharidesL. Late thrombotic occlusion of a left internal mammaryartery graft causing ST-elevation myocardial infarction.International Journal of Cardiology. 2009;[Epub aheadof print].

Yusuf S, Pogue J, Teo K, Anderson C, Sleight P.Telmisartan in high-risk patients intolerant of ACEinhibitors. Authors’ reply. Lancet. 2009;373:459.

Zeng L, Cheng Y, Dang S, Yan H, Dibley M, Chang S,Kong L. Impact of micronutrient supplementation duringpregnancy on birth weight, duration of gestation, andperinatal mortality in rural western China: double blindcluster randomised controlled trial. British MedicalJournal. 2008;337:Art. No. a2001.

Zeng Y, Keay L, He M, Mai J, Munoz B, Brady C,Friedman DS. A randomized, clinical trial evaluatingready-made and custom spectacles delivered via aschool-based screening program in China.Ophthalmology. 2009;[Epub ahead of print].

BOOK/BOOKCHAPTERS Chalmers J. Prevention of stroke and majorcardiovascular events with perindopril-based treatment:The PROGRESS trial. Chapter 4. In: Ferrari R, Fox K, eds.Coversyl Compendium. Paris: Wolters Kluwer Health;2008; p. 47-58.

Chalmers J, Colagiuri S, Cooper M, Grobbee R, HametP, Kengne AP, MacMahon S, Marre M, Mogensen C,Neal B, Patel A, Perkovic V, Poulter N. Prevention ofvascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: benefits ofintensive blood pressure and blood glucose control withPreterax and Diamicron MR. Issue III. Paris: WoltersKluwer Health; 2008.

Chow C, Patel A. A global view of cardiovascular riskfactors. In: Tonkin A, ed. Therapeutic strategies in lipiddisorders. Oxford: Atlas Medical Publishing; 2009.

Elkins M. How to search databases. In: Porter S, ed. Firststeps in research. Oxford: Elsevier; 2008; p. 93-120.

Hackett ML, Anderson CS. Neurovascular disease andmood disorders. In: Lazar R, Festa J, eds. Neurovascularneuropsychology. New York: Spring-Verlag; 2008.

Herbert R. Explanatory and pragmatic clinical trials.Chapter 23. In: Gad SC, ed. Clinical Trials Handbook.Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2009; p. 1087-1104.

Heritier S, Cantoni E, Copt S, Victoria-Feser M. Robustmethods in biostatistics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons,Inc; 2009.

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Lord S, Close J, Sherrington C. Non pharmacologicalstrategies for preventing falls and fractures. In: Duque G,Kiel D, eds. Osteoporosis in older persons: Pathophysiologyand Therapeutic Approach. London: Springer-Verlag;2008.

MacMahon K, Gururaj G, Stevenson M. Road trafficinjury. Chapter 2. In: Peden M, Oyebgite K, Ozanne-Smith J, Hyder A, Branche C, Rahman A, Rivara F,Bartolomeos K, eds. World report on child unintentionalinjury prevention. Geneva: World Health Organizationand UNICEF; 2008; p. 18-23.

McEvoy S, Stevenson M. Epidemiological research ondriver distraction. In: Regan M, Lee J, Young K, eds.Driver Distraction: Theory, Effects and Mitigation. BocaRaton: CRC Press; 2009; p. 305-19.

McEvoy S, Stevenson M. Measuring exposure to driverdistraction. In: Regan M, Lee J, Young K, eds. DriverDistraction: Theory, Effects and Mitigation. Boca Raton:CRC Press; 2009; p. 73-85.

Moran M, Guzman J, Ropars A, Jorgensen M, PotterS, McDonald A, Haile-Selassie H. Clinical trial sitecapacity for malaria product development. In: Matlin S,Francisco A, Sundaram L, Faich H, Gehner M, eds. Healthpartnerships review. Geneva: Global Forum for HealthResearch; 2008.

Myburgh JA. Severe head injury. In: Bersten AD, SoniN, eds. Oh’s Intensive Care Manual. 6th edition. London:Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier; 2009; p. 776-92.

Myburgh JA. Inotropes and vasopressors. In: BerstenAD, Soni N, eds. Oh’s Intensive Care Manual. 6th edition.London: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier; 2009; p. 931-44.

Myburgh JA. Vasodilators and antihypertensives. In:Bersten AD, Soni N, eds. Oh’s Intensive Care Manual. 6thedition. London: Butterworth Heinemann Elsevier. 2009;p. 945-56.

Perkovic V, Ninomiya T, MacMahon S, Chalmers J.Renal and microalbuminuria data from ADVANCE.Chapter 9. In: Lévy BI, Struijker-Houdier HAJ, eds. Role ofMacro and Microcirculation in Target Organ Damage inDiabetes and Hypertension. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell,Wiley and Sons; 2009.

Poulos R, Stevenson M. Burns and scalds. In:Heggenhougen K, Quah S, eds. International Encyclopediaof Public Health. San Diego: Academic Press; 2008; p.370-6.

Upton RN, Myburgh JA, Morris R. Pharmacokinetics,pharmacodynamics and drug monitoring in criticalillness. In: Bersten AD, Soni N, eds. Oh’s Intensive CareManual. 6th edition. London: Butterworth HeinemannElsevier. 2009; p. 897-912.

REPORTS TO GOVERNMENT AND NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS AWASH (Australian Division of World Action on Salt andHealth): Submission to government obesity inquiry. TheGeorge Institute for International Health. Sydney,Australia, July 2008.

Moran M, Guzman J, Ropars A, McDonald A, SturmT, Jameson N, Omune B, Ryan S, Wu L. G-FINDER2009. Neglected disease research and development: howmuch are we really spending? The George Institute forInternational Health. London, UK, January 2009.

Schug S, Votrubec M. Case study 55 report: treatmentoptions for neuropathic pain. Sydney, Australia, January2009.

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS/ABSTRACTS AdRem Project Team and Advance ManagementCommittee, Beulens J, Vingerling J, Cruickshank J, HughesA, Stanton A, Lu J, Patel A, Thom S, Grobbee D, StolkR. Effects of blood pressure lowering on incidence andprogression of retinopathy in patients with type 2diabetes mellitus: a randomised controlled trial.Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the EuropeanAssociation for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Rome, Italy,August 2008. Diabetologia. 2008;51(Suppl 1):S476.

Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Smith G, LeibmanS, Giuffre B, Fransen M, Sambrook P, March L. Theclinical associations of knee cartilage defects in an obesepopulation. Proceedings of the 2008 World Congress onOsteoarthritis. Rome, Italy, September 2008. Osteoarthritisand Cartilage. 2008;16(Suppl 4):S251-S254.

Anandacoomarasamy A, Caterson I, Smith G, LeibmanS, Giuffre B, Fransen M, Sambrook P, March L. Effects ofweight loss on articular cartilage proteoglycan content:a pilot study utilizing dGEMRIC at 3T. Proceedings of theAmerican College of Rheumatology/Association ofRheumatology of Health Professionals Scientific Meeting.San Francisco, USA, October 2008. Arthritis andRheumatism. 2008;58:2925.

Anderson K, Devitt J, Cunningham J, Preece C, Cass A.All they said was my kidneys were dead: IndigenousAustralian patients’ understanding of their kidneydisease. Proceedings of the 44th Annual ScientificMeeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society ofNephrology. Newcastle, Australia, September 2008.Nephrology. 2008;13(Suppl 3):A126-A127.

Anna V, Heitmann B, Huxley R. Effect of self reportedchildhood and teenage weight on adult mortality in

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single sex homogenous population. Proceedings of the16th European Congress on Obesity. Geneva, Switzerland,May 2008. International Journal of Obesity. 2008;1451.

Brown A, Patel A, Cass A, Peiris D, Howard H, TchanM, Rickards B, Yarnold D, Hayman N, Lawrence C, BradyJ, De Vries J, Scuderi N. The Identification andmanagement of vascular diseases and their risk factors ineight Indigenous primary health care services—Theresults of the Kanyini Vascular Collaboration Audit study.Proceedings of the 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of theCardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Adelaide,Australia, August 2008. Heart, Lung and Circulation.2008;17(Suppl 3):S157.

Campbell D, Woodward M, Chalmers J, Jenkins A,Kemp B, Neal B, Patel A, MacMahon S. Can NT-proBNPmonitoring help prevent cardiovascular disease? RecentAdvances in Cardiovascular Disease. Proceedings of 13thWorld Congress on Heart Disease. Vancouver, Canada,July 2007. Medimond International Proceedings, 2008;p. 313-35.

Cass A, Brown A, Peiris D, Howard M, Tchan M,Rickards B, Patel A. The identification and managementof chronic kidney disease (CKD) and risk factors inaboriginal primary health care. Proceedings of the 44thAnnual Scientific Meeting of the Australian and NewZealand Society of Nephrology. Newcastle, Australia,September 2008. Nephrology. 2008;13(Suppl 3):A123-A124.

Cooper B, Gallery E, McLennan J, Ross-Styles M, WaughD, McGinn C, Pollock C, Perkovic V, Gyory A. The renalcharacteristics of patients with a history of lithiumexposure as determined by formal renal function testing.Proceedings of the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of theAustralian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology.Newcastle, Australia, September 2008. Nephrology.2008;13(Suppl 3):A145.

Devitt J, Snelling P, Anderson K, Cunningham J, Preece C,Cass A. Steps or marathon? Distance and remoteness asinfluences on access to transplant for AustralianIndigenous patients with end-stage kidney disease(ESKD). Proceedings of the 44th Annual ScientificMeeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society ofNephrology. Newcastle, Australia, September 2008.Nephrology. 2008;3(Suppl 3):A112.

Gallagher M, Webster A, Jardine M, Perkovic V, CassA, Eris J. Twenty year cancer outcomes of a randomizedtrial of immunosuppression in kidney transplantrecipients: results of the Australian multicentre trial ofcyclosporine withdrawal. Proceedings of the 44th AnnualScientific Meeting of the Australian and New ZealandSociety of Nephrology. Newcastle, Australia, September2008. Nephrology. 2008;13(Suppl 3):A119.

Hackett M, House A, Anderson C. Managementstrategies for depression after stroke: is there newevidence since 2004? Proceedings of the Stroke Societyof Australasia Annual Scientific Meeting and SmartStrokes 4th Australasian Nursing and Allied Health Stroke

Conference. Sydney, Australia, August 2008. InternalMedicine Journal. 2008;38(Suppl. 4):A91.

Heeley E, Huang D, Wang J, Liu M, Jiang S, Jan S,Anderson C, China QUEST Investigators. Economichardship from stroke in China. Proceedings of the 6thWorld Stroke Congress and X International Symposiumon Thrombolysis and Acute Stroke Therapy. Vienna,Austria, September 2008. International Journal of Stroke.2008;3(Suppl 1):62.

Kang X, Fransen M, Zhang Y, Li H, Ke Y, Su S, Niu J,Felson D, Lin J. The high prevalence of knee osteoarthritisin a rural Chinese population: The Wuchuan Osteoarthritisstudy. Proceedings of the American College ofRheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting. San Francisco,USA, October 2008. Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2008;58:A245.

Lawton P, Maple-Brown L, Hughes J, Sharma S,Panagiotopoulos S, Jones G, Cass A, O’Dea K, JerumsG. Methodology of the eGFR Study: accurate assessmentof renal function in Indigenous Australians. Proceedingsof the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Australianand New Zealand Society of Nephrology. Newcastle,Australia, September 2008. Nephrology. 2008;13(Suppl3):A102.

Lin J, Kang X, Fransen M, Zhang Y, Li H, Ke Y, Lli M, SuS, Chen J, Guo Y, Niu J, Felson D. The high prevalence ofknee osteoarthritis in a rural Chinese population: TheWuchuan Osteoarthritis Study. International Conferenceon Osteoporosis and Bone Research. Beijing, China,October 2008. Bone. 2008;43(Suppl 1):65.

Martiniuk A, Shea-Perry M, Amylon M, Biery B. TheChildren’s Oncology Camping Association International.Proceedings of the International Pediatric OncologySociety Conference. Berlin, Germany, October 2008.Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2008;50(SIOP Symposiumon Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Supplement):191.

Martiniuk A, Shea-Perry M, Fisher F. The financialaspects of the world’s largest childhood cancer supportorganization (The Trillium Childhood Cancer SupportCentre). Proceedings of the International PediatricOncology Society Conference. Berlin, Germany, October2008. Pediatric Blood and Cancer. 2008;50(SIOPSymposium on Adolescent and Young Adult OncologySupplement):245.

Perkovic V, de Galan B, Chalmers J, Ninomiya T,Patel A, Cass A, Cooper M, Neal B, MacMahon S.Renoprotection with perindopril-indapamide belowcurrent recommended blood pressure targets in patientswith type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of the ADVANCEtrial. Proceedings of the 44th Annual Scientific Meetingof the Australian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology.Newcastle, Australia, September 2008. Nephrology.2008;13(Suppl 3):A121.

Polkinghorne K, Kerr P, Muske C, McNeil J, McGrath B,Zoungas S. Reduced vascular access thrombosis withfolic acid: the AFAST randomized placebo controlled trial.

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Proceedings of the 44th Annual Scientific Meeting of theAustralian and New Zealand Society of Nephrology.Newcastle, Australia, September 2008. Nephrology.2008;13(Suppl 3):A122-A123.

Webster J, Dunford E, Li N, Nowson C, Neal B.Monitoring salt reduction in processed foods in Australia.Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Meeting of theNutrition Society of Australia. Adelaide, Australia,November 2008. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2008;17(Suppl 3):S87.

Webster J, Li N, Dunford E, Nowson C, Neal B.Consumer awareness and behaviour related to saltconsumption in Australia: more needs to be done.Proceedings of the Annual Scientific Meeting of theNutrition Society of Australia. Adelaide, Australia,November 2008. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition.2008;17(Suppl 3):S87.

Whincup P, Kaye S, Owen C, Huxley R, Cook D. Birthweight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a quantitativesystematic review of published evidence. Proceedings ofthe Society for Social Medicine Annual ScientificMeeting. Southampton, UK, September 2008. Journalof Epidemiology and Community Health. 2008;62(Suppl1):A15-A16.

Zoungas S, Kerr P, Lui M, Teede H, McNeil J, McGrath B,Polkinghorne K. Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascularevents and the effect of diabetes: post hoc analyses fromASFAST. Proceedings of the 44th Annual ScientificMeeting of the Australian and New Zealand Society ofNephrology. Newcastle, Australia, September 2008.Nephrology. 2008;13(Suppl 3):A133.

CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS Craig Anderson

Ethical challenges in obstructive sleep apnea treatmenttrials. 23rd Annual Meeting of the Associated ProfessionalSleep Societies, LLC. Seattle, USA, June 2009.

Is cerebral oedema an important determinant of prognosisin intracerebral haemorrhage? Results from the INTEnsiveblood pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral haemorrhageTrial (INTERACT). European Stroke Conference. Stockholm,Sweden, May 2009.

Advances in intracerebral haemorrhage management:INTERACT experience. Korean Stroke Society Conference.Pusan, Korea, May 2009.

How do we improve the uptake of secondary preventionstrategies after stroke? University of Michigan MedicalSchool Seminar. Ann Arbor, USA, May 2009.

Current status of secondary stroke prevention strategiesand how to get involved in international clinical trials.6th China Forum of Cerebrovascular Diseases. Beijing,China, April 2009.

How to get involved in international clinical trials. 6thChina Forum of Cerebrovascular Diseases. Beijing, China,April 2009.

Writing Research Grants. 6th China Forum ofCerebrovascular Diseases. Beijing, China, April 2009.

Intracerebral haemorrhage: latest concepts. 4th NationalCongress of Indian Stroke Association. Hyderabad, India,March 2009.

What is the significance of cerebral edema in relation tospontaneous intracerebral hematoma? Observationsfrom the intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in AcuteCerebral Haemorrhage Trial (INTERACT) Study.International Stroke Conference. San Diego, USA,February 2009.

What is the state of stroke research in Asia and how canit be optimised? The Lancet Asia Medical Forum. Beijing,China, November 2008.

INTERACT2 trial update. Stroke Unit Heads Meeting.Melbourne, Australia, October 2008.

Large-scale priority-driven research projects that buildregional capacity with a particular emphasis in China andIndia. The George Institute Research and DevelopmentAdvisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

Current status of antithrombotic therapy in strokeprevention. Autumn Congress of Korean NeurologicalAssociation. Pusan, Korea, October 2008.

What are the benefits of blood pressure lowering therapyin older people? An update of current trials results.CardioVascular Forum. Surfers Paradise, Australia, August2008.

The ONgoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination withRamipril Global Endpoint Trial (ONTARGET). BoehringerIngelheim Satellite Symposium, Cardiac Society ofAustralia and New Zealand Annual Scientific Meeting.Adelaide, Australia, August 2008.

Blood pressure lowering in acute intracerebralhaemorrhage - the INTERACT trial. Advances inCardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine. Melbourne,Australia, July 2008.

ONTARGET sub-studies to date. International Symposiumin Cardio and Vascular Medicine in Asia Pacific. Bangkok,Thailand, July 2008.

Fredrica Barzi

Cholesterol in South-East Asia. The George InstituteResearch and Development Advisory Committee (RADAC)Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Soufiane Boufous

Factors affecting the severity of work related trafficcrashes in drivers receiving a worker’s compensationclaim. 2nd Asia Pacific Injury Prevention Conference.Hanoi, Vietnam, November 2008.

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Caroline Broderick

Back pain in the young athlete. Royal Australasian Collegeof Physicians Conference. Sydney, Australia, May 2009.

Fitness in Australian children with haemophilia. Universityof Sydney Faculties of Health Biennial ResearchConference - From Cell to Society 6. Leura, Australia,November 2008.

Alan Cass

All they said was my kidneys were dead: IndigenousAustralian kidney disease patients’ understanding oftheir health and illness and perspectives on theirinteractions with the healthcare system. AmericanAnthropology Association Annual Scientific Meeting. SanFrancisco, USA, November 2008.

Closing the gap: addressing the burden of complexchronic disease among Indigenous Australians. NSWRural Doctors Network Annual Scientific Meeting.Sydney, Australia, November 2008.

Working with populations in which there is disadvantageand inequity. The George Institute Research andDevelopment Advisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium.Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

The Kanyini Vascular Collaboration: Improving themanagement of chronic vascular/metabolic disease. 4thNational Disease Management Conference, AustralianDisease Management Association. Sydney, Australia,September 2008.

The IMPAKT Study: That door is closed. 22nd InternationalCongress of the Transplantation Society. Sydney, Australia,August 2008.

John Chalmers

Results from ADVANCE: including the link betweencognition and cardiovascular events. La SalpetriereHospital. Paris, France, June 2009.

Combination of blood pressure lowering drugs for betterCVD protection. Satellite Symposium of the 19thEuropean Meeting on Hypertension. Camogli, Italy, June2009.

Cardiovascular risk factor management in AustralianGeneral Practice. 19th European Meeting on Hypertension.Milan, Italy, June 2009.

The effects of a fixed combination of perindopril andindapamide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusaccording to baseline cardiovascular risk in the ADVANCEtrial. 19th European Meeting on Hypertension. Milan,Italy, June 2009.

The fixed combination of perindopril and indapamidehas a greater effect on cardiovascular outcomes inpatients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria. 19thEuropean Meeting on Hypertension. Milan, Italy, June2009.

Blood pressure lowering and glucose control in patientswith type 2 diabetes. Satellite Symposium of the 8thNational Educational Conference of the Polish Society of

Internal Medicine “Advances in internal medicine –INTERNA 2009”. Warsaw, Poland, April 2009.

Rational choice of drugs to lower blood pressure:evidence from clinical trials and from the Blood PressureLowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. 8th NationalEducational Conference of the Polish Society of InternalMedicine “Advances in internal medicine – INTERNA2009”. Warsaw, Poland, April 2009.

Blood pressure variables and cardiovascular risk: newfindings from ADVANCE. 7th International Workshop onStructure and Function of the Vascular System. Paris,France, March 2009.

Key findings in morbid-mortality trials with perindopril/indapamide fixed combination. Satellite Symposium oncardiovascular protection in HT: the weight of evidence.3rd Congress of the Portuguese Society of Hypertension.Vilamoura, Portugal, February 2009.

Management of hypertension: evidence from clinicaltrials. 3rd Congress of the Portuguese Society ofHypertension. Vilamoura, Portugal, February 2009.

Main outcomes of blood pressure lowering and glucosecontrol in ADVANCE. Symposium on management ofpatients with type 2 diabetes. 28es Journées deL’Hypertension Artérielle, 2nd International Meeting ofthe French Society of Hypertension. Paris, France,December 2008.

Joint effects of blood pressure lowering and glucosecontrol in the ADVANCE trial. Annual Scientific Meetingof the High Blood Pressure Research Council of Australia.Melbourne, Australia, December 2008.

A factorial, randomised trial of blood pressure loweringand intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes: newresults from ADVANCE. Mexican National Congress ofInternal Medicine. Vera Cruz, Mexico, November 2008.

Perspectives and implications for practice. Symposium onADVANCE: a step forward in hypertension and diabetes.7th Franco-Italian Meeting on Hypertension. Rome, Italy,October 2008.

New results from ADVANCE: First presentation of jointeffects of blood pressure lowering and glucose control.44th Annual Meeting of the European Association forthe Study of Diabetes (EASD). Rome, Italy, September2008.

ADVANCE blood pressure lowering arm: morbidity/mortality results and implementation. Servier SatelliteSymposium. 44th Annual Meeting of the EuropeanAssociation for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Rome, Italy,September 2008.

Advance: Blood pressure lowering – background andrationale. Satellite Symposium on ADVANCE. 44thAnnual Meeting of the European Association for theStudy of Diabetes (EASD). Rome, Italy, September 2008.

Rationale, study design and study populations. Baker-George Symposium – Advances in Cardiovascular andMetabolic Medicine. Melbourne, Australia, July 2008.

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Tom Chen

Place of residence and risk of motor vehicle crashes inyouth: the DRIVE study. 2nd Asia Pacific Injury PreventionConference. Hanoi, Vietnam, November 2008.

Clara Chow

Development of method to systematically evaluate thecommunity built environment using photos -Environmental Profile of a Community (EPOCH). HamiltonHealth Research in the City Conference. Hamilton,Canada, February 2009.

Relationship of a community facility availability and childweight and height in Bangladesh: a multilevel analysis.Hamilton Health Research in the City Conference.Hamilton, Canada, February 2009.

Leonardo Costa

The effect of motor control exercise versus placebo inpatients with chronic low back pain. Boston InternationalForum X: Primary Care Research on Low Back Pain.Boston, USA, June 2009.

Prognosis in patients with recent onset chronic low backpain: Inception cohort study. Boston International ForumX: Primary Care Research on Low Back Pain. Boston,USA, June 2009.

Reliability of real-time ultrasound for the measurementof abdominal muscles’ activity: A systematic review.University of Sydney Faculties of Health Biennial ResearchConference - From Cell to Society 6. Leura, Australia,November 2008.

What is the prognosis of chronic low back pain?University of Sydney Faculties of Health Biennial ResearchConference - From Cell to Society 6. Leura, Australia,November 2008.

Leonie Crampton

Good clinical practice. ALTITUDE study investigatormeeting. Beijing, China, July 2008.

Lalit Dandona

Methods to understand and track HIV epidemics andmeasure results: epidemiology estimates and howaccurate they are. XVII International AIDS Conference.Mexico City, Mexico, August 2008.

New directions for public health education in low andmiddle income countries. Public Health Foundation ofIndia (PHFI). Hyderabad, India, August 2008.

Rakhi Dandona

Census implementation: Update from Andhra Pradesh.GC13 Population Health Metrics Research ConsortiumProject-Wide Meeting. Bohol, Philippines, October 2008.

Verbal autopsy data collection: Update from AndhraPradesh. GC13 Population Health Metrics ResearchConsortium Project-Wide Meeting. Bohol, Philippines,October 2008.

Joanna Diong

Contracture after spinal cord injury. University of SydneyFaculties of Health Biennial Research Conference - FromCell to Society 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Elizabeth Dunford

Monitoring salt reduction in Australian processed foods.Nutrition Society of Australia Annual Scientific Meeting.Adelaide, Australia, December 2008.

Javier Guzman

G-FINDER - Tracking R&D investments for neglecteddiseases. 36th Annual International Conference onGlobal Health, Global Health Council. Washington DC,USA, May 2009.

Tracking global investment for product development forneglected diseases. The George Institute Research andDevelopment Advisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium.Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Maree Hackett

Single questions to screen for depression miss importantnegative cognitions. 18th European Stroke Conference.Stockholm, Sweden, May 2009.

Management strategies for depression after stroke: whatevidence do we really have? The Australasian Society forPsychiatric Research Annual Conference. Newcastle,Australia, December 2008.

Amanda Hall

A systematic review and meta-analysis of tai chi formusculoskeletal pain. International Association for theStudy of Pain (IASP) Conference. Glasgow, UK, August2008.

Emma Heeley

Cardiovascular risk factor management in Australiangeneral practice. Foundation for High Blood PressureResearch Council of Australia. Melbourne, Australia,December 2008.

Role of health insurance in averting economic hardshipin families following acute stroke in China. LancetNeurology Stroke in Asia Conference. Beijing, China,November 2008.

What are the determinants of health-related quality oflife after stroke in China? Results of the ChinaQUEST(QUality Evaluation of Stroke care and Treatment) study.Lancet Neurology Stroke in Asia Conference. Beijing,China, November 2008.

Stroke care and treatment in China. The George InstituteResearch and Development Advisory Committee (RADAC)Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Nicholas Henschke

Characteristics of patients with acute low back painpresenting to primary care in Australia. BostonInternational Forum X: Primary Care Research on LowBack Pain. Boston, USA, June 2009.

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Rob Herbert

New methods for measuring length and stiffness ofhuman muscles in vivo. Australian PhysiotherapyAssociation NSW Branch Symposium. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

Stephane Heritier

MM-estimation and inference in mixed linear model.International Conference on Robust Statistics (ICORS).Antalya, Turkey, September 2008.

Multistage modelling of a cardiovascular trial bysaddleppoint approximation. Australia - New ZealandStatistical Conference. Melbourne, Australia, July 2008.

Robust regression methods in biostatistics. XXIVInternational Biometric Conference. Dublin, Ireland, July2008.

A revisit of robust inference in the Cox model. XXIVInternational Biometric Conference. Dublin, Ireland, July2008.

Stephanie Hollis

The incidence of mild traumatic brain injury in non-eliterugby union players. University of Sydney Faculties ofHealth Biennial Research Conference - From Cell toSociety 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

The incidence of mild traumatic brain injury in non-eliterugby union players. New Developments in Sports-Related Concussion Conference. Pittsburgh, USA, July2008.

Rachel Huxley

How to differentiate causation from association inepidemiological studies. Dieticians Association Australia.Gold Coast, Australia, July 2008.

How many cardiovascular deaths could be avoided inAustralia through small reductions in mean populationcholesterol? Dieticians Association Australia. Gold Coast,Australia, July 2008.

Ambassador Go Red for Women Campaign. NationalHeart Foundation. Sydney, Australia, July 2008.

Implications for population-wide cholesterol lowering inAustralia. Population Health Congress. Brisbane,Australia, July 2008.

Suzanne Ingram

Health and Indigenous communities. The GeorgeInstitute Research and Development Advisory Committee(RADAC) Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Meg Jardine

Indigenous access to kidney transplantation in Australia,Canada, New Zealand and USA. 22nd InternationalCongress of the Transplantation Society. Sydney,Australia, August 2008.

Rohina Joshi

Chronic disease and risk factors in rural India. TheGeorge Institute Research and Development AdvisoryCommittee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

Fatal injury in rural Andhra Pradesh. Population HealthCongress. Brisbane, Australia, July 2008.

Burden of vascular disease and its management in a ruralregion of Andhra Pradesh, India. Population HealthCongress. Brisbane, Australia, July 2008.

Steve Kamper

Reliability and validity of global perceived effect scales.Boston International Forum X: Primary Care Research onLow Back Pain. Boston, USA, June 2009.

Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: A systematicreview and meta-analysis. University of Sydney Facultiesof Health Biennial Research Conference - From Cell toSociety 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Course and prognostic factors of whiplash: systematicreview and meta-analysis. International Association forthe Study of Pain World Congress. Glasgow, UK, August2008.

Trial methodology and patient characteristics did notinfluence the size of placebo effects on pain inrandomized controlled trials. International Associationfor the Study of Pain Symposium on the Placebo Effect.Copenhagen, Denmark, August 2008.

Lisa Keay

Public health impact of contact lens associated microbialkeratitis. Irving Fatt Memorial Lecture, British ContactLens Association. Manchester, UK, May 2009.

Randomized clinical trial evaluating ready-made andcustom spectacles delivered via a school-based screeningprogram in China. Association for Research in Vision andOphthalmology. Fort Lauderdale, USA, May 2009.

Andre Pascal Kengne

The Framingham and UKPDS risk equations overestimatethe probability of coronary events in a contemporarypopulation with diabetes. University of Sydney Facultiesof Health Biennial Research Conference - From Cell toSociety 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Likhim Kwah

Contractures in the stroke population: Incidence andprognostic factors. University of Sydney Faculties ofHealth Biennial Research Conference - From Cell toSociety 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Incidence of contractors after stroke. University of SydneyFaculties of Health Biennial Research Conference - FromCell to Society 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

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Christine Lin

Brain imaging of clinical pain: where are we and whereare we headed? 29th Annual Scientific Meeting of theAustralian Pain Society. Sydney, Australia, April 2009.

Serigne Lo

Saddlepoint approximation for semi-markov processeswith application to a cardiovascular randomized study.XXIV International Biometric Conference. Dublin, Ireland,July 2008.

Luciana Macedo

Motor control exercise for persistent non-specific lowback pain: A meta-analysis. Boston International ForumX: Primary Care Research on Low Back Pain. Boston,USA, June 2009.

Stephen MacMahon

Hypertension – time to give it up? Sir George PickeringLecture, British Hypertension Society Annual ScientificMeeting. Cambridge, UK, September 2008.

Chris Maher

What factors are related to outcomes? Current researchon risk factors, co-morbidities and subgroups. BostonInternational Forum X: Primary Care Research on LowBack Pain. Boston, USA, June 2009.

Update on diagnostic triage, accuracy of clinicalassessment to screen for serious pathology and identifythe tissue source of LBP. Annual Scientific Meeting of theHong Kong Pain Society. Hong Kong, October 2008.

Use and interpretation of outcome measures in clinicalmanagement of LBP and research on LBP. AnnualScientific Meeting of the Hong Kong Pain Society. HongKong, October 2008.

Overview of different clinical classification systems toguide the management of LBP. Annual Scientific Meetingof the Hong Kong Pain Society. Hong Kong, October 2008.

An overview of the evidence on interventions to preventlow back pain. Annual Scientific Meeting of the HongKong Pain Society. Hong Kong, October 2008.

Update on primary care management of low back pain.Annual Scientific Meeting of the Hong Kong PainSociety. Hong Kong, October 2008.

We all use the word evidence, but what do we mean andwhat is the significance? Australian PhysiotherapyAssociation NSW Branch Symposium. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

The Great Debate: Do clinical trials reflect ‘real world’practice? What mistakes can be made when interpretingevidence? Why are some clinicians so resistant tochange? Australian Physiotherapy Association NSWBranch Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Primary care management of low back pain. PekingUniversity Health Science Center. Beijing, China, October2008.

Efficacy of musculoskeletal interventions and bestpractice. Rehabilitation: Reflecting on the past-positioning for the future. Australian GovernmentDepartment of Veteran’s Affairs, Department of Defence.Canberra, Australia, September 2008.

Policy and practice. Keeping it simple in an age ofcomplexity. Rehabilitation: Reflecting on the past-positioning for the future. Australian GovernmentDepartment of Veteran’s Affairs, Department of Defence.Canberra, Australia, September 2008.

Building a research career. Macquarie UniversityDepartment of Health and Chiropractic Advisory BoardResearch Symposium. Sydney, Australia, August 2008.

Alex Martiniuk

Epilepsy attitudes and knowledge of youth. 28thInternational Epilepsy Congress. Budapest, Hungary, June2009.

Designing research in epilepsy to ensure policy change:Sydney Epilepsy Incidence Study to Measure IllnessConsequences (SEISMIC). 28th International EpilepsyCongress. Budapest, Hungary, June 2009.

Self-harm and risk of motor vehicle crashes in youth: theDRIVE study. 2nd Asia Pacific Injury Prevention Conference.Hanoi, Vietnam, November 2008.

James McAuley

Sleep problems are common and sleep quality is poor innon specific low back pain: A systematic review of theliterature. Boston International Forum X: Primary CareResearch on Low Back Pain. Boston, USA, June 2009.

Mary Moran

International Health – A Challenge for Australia, Australia’srole in fighting neglected diseases. The XXV WorldCongress of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. Sydney,Australia, March 2009.

Financial meltdown and neglected diseases - who willpay the price? The George Institute for InternationalHealth. London, UK, February 2009.

Neglected disease research and development: how muchare we really spending? Launch of G-FINDER 2008report. London, UK, February 2009.

Selecting a neglected disease investment area - Scopingthe scientific programme of a potential MERCK-Wellcome Trust initiative in vaccine R&D for developingcountry health. Kilifi, Kenya, January 2009.

Impact of product development partnerships: lessonsand general applications. OECD Global Forum onDevelopment. Paris, France, October 2008.

Anne Moseley

The first online international physiotherapy evidencedatabase. The George Institute Research and DevelopmentAdvisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

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Evidence for physiotherapy practice – an updated surveyof the PEDro database. Australian PhysiotherapyAssociation NSW Branch Symposium. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

John Myburgh

Trauma systems in China. Asia Pacific Critical CareCongress & Australian and New Zealand Intensive CareSociety Annual Scientific Meeting. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

What does a clinical trials group contribute to intensivecare research? Asia Pacific Critical Care Congress &Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society AnnualScientific Meeting. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Achieving consensus for the use of vasopressors incritically ill patients. Asia Pacific Critical Care Congress &Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care SocietyAnnual Scientific Meeting. Sydney, Australia, October2008.

The Crystalloid versus Hydroxyethyl Starch Trial (CHEST):a new proposal for the CTG. Australian and New ZealandIntensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group AnnualMeeting. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

RENAL study update. Australian and New ZealandIntensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group AnnualMeeting. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Bruce Neal

Salt, a neglected risk factor. 5th World Congress ofPaediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery. Cairns,Australia, June 2009.

Tight glycaemic control & adverse diabetes outcomes.The Garvan Institute. Sydney, Australia, April 2009.

Pass the Salt. How much is enough? How much is toomuch? Does SALT really matter? Sydney AdventistHospital. Sydney, Australia, April 2009.

Drop the Salt: Drop the Pressure! The importance ofmaking salt reduction a national government priority.Salt and the City: challenges and opportunities forreducing salt in foods eaten away from home. TheGeorge Institute for International Health. Sydney,Australia, February 2009.

Salt reduction – greater potential than stoppingsmoking? Royal North Shore Private Hospital. Sydney,Australia, February 2009.

How the UK experience has influenced other countries(Australia). Sodium reduction policies and strategies inthe Americas, Pan American Health Organization. Miami,USA, January 2009.

Time to stop treating hypertension. Foundation for HighBlood Pressure Research Council of Australia. Sydney,Australia, December 2008.

Obesity, hypertension and other lifestyle health factors.Australian Nurses Cardiovascular and HypertensionAssociation. Melbourne, Australia, December 2008.

Dietary sodium and human health in China and the UnitedStates. Impact of salt restriction. Xi’an, China, December2008.

Slowing the chronic disease epidemic in China. TheUniversity of Sydney Faculties of Health Biennial ResearchConference - From Cell to Society 6. Leura, Australia,November 2008.

Salt: an unnecessary evil. Food Media Club, AustralianDivision of World Action on Salt and Health. The GeorgeInstitute for International Health. Sydney, Australia,November 2008.

Hypertension in the Asian-Pacific Region. 31st AnnualScientific Meeting of the Japanese Society ofHypertension. Sapporo, Japan, October 2008.

Obesity: the reality check. Is obesity associated withsignificant reduction in life expectancy? The Institute ofObesity, Nutrition and Exercise Symposium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

ADVANCE. 44th Annual Meeting of the EuropeanAssociation for the Study of Diabetes. Rome, Italy,September 2008.

Do we really need outcome adjudication in clinical trials?56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Cardiac Society ofAustralia and New Zealand. Adelaide, Australia, August2008.

Is optimal BP therapy for CHD prevention different inmen and women and older and younger people? The17th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society ofInterventional Cardiology. Nagoya, Japan, July 2008.

Comparative effects of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)on coronary heart disease. The 17th Annual Meeting ofthe Japanese Society of Interventional Cardiology.Nagoya, Japan, July 2008.

New results from the Blood Pressure Lowering TreatmentTrialists’ Collaboration - effects of blood pressurelowering drugs in different patient groups. SatelliteSymposium of the 17th Annual Meeting of the JapaneseSociety of Interventional Cardiology. Nagoya, Japan, July2008.

The results of the ADVANCE study glucose loweringcomparison. Tokhu University. Sendai, Japan, July 2008.

Advances from ADVANCE for patients with type 2diabetes - blood pressure lowering arm - main results.Baker-George Symposium – Advances in Cardiovascularand Metabolic Medicine. Melbourne, Australia, July 2008.

Robyn Norton

Developing research capacity in low and middle-incomecountries: the role of the Road Traffic Injuries ResearchNetwork. 10th Meeting of the United Nations RoadSafety Collaboration. World Health Organization. Bangkok,Thailand, June 2009.

Study designs for assessing risk factors and effectivenessof interventions for MC injuries. Motorcycle Crashes and

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Injuries in Low and Middle-income Countries:Epidemiology and Prevention. Maseno University andRoad Traffic Injuries Research Network. Nairobi, Kenya,June 2009.

Building a sustainable research organisation. 11thAnnual Meeting on Clinical Trials in Intensive Care.Noosa, Australia, March 2009.

Challenges and opportunities for injury and traumaresearch in developing countries. Plenary Lecture. Injuryin the Developing World – From Prevention to Care. 12thNational Health Sciences Research Symposium. AgaKhan University. Karachi, Pakistan, August 2008.

Operational issues in injury surveillance. Measuring theBurden of Injuries: A Cost-effective Approach. Aga KhanUniversity and Road Traffic Injuries Research Network.Karachi, Pakistan, August 2008.

Anushka Patel

Diabetes in the Diaspora: a global perspective. Diabetesin South Asians Meeting. South Asian Health Foundation(UK). London, UK, December 2008.

Strengthening health systems to improve control ofcommon serious diseases and injuries. The GeorgeInstitute Research and Development Advisory Committee(RADAC) Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

Intensive glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes– the results of the ADVANCE trial in context. The Rui-Jin3rd International Endocrine Symposium. Shanghai,China, October 2008.

Hypertension – what’s in a name? Diabetes and theMetabolic Syndrome in the New Millenium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

The real deal on tight glucose control. NSW CardiacRetreat. Leura, Australia, October 2008.

Blood glucose lowering in diabetes – ADVANCE vs.ACCORD. Kimmelsteil Wilson Meeting. Melbourne,Australia, October 2008.

Assessing and delivering cardiovascular health care inAsia. 3rd International Conference on Asian Health andWellbeing. Auckland, New Zealand, September 2008.

Risks of cardiovascular events and effects of routineblood pressure lowering among patients with type 2diabetes and atrial fibrillation - results of the ADVANCEstudy. European Society of Cardiology Congress. Munich,Germany, September 2008.

Intensive blood glucose control in diabetes – ADVANCE.56th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Cardiac Society ofAustralia and New Zealand. Adelaide, Australia, August2008.

The role of beta blockers in cardiovascular therapeutics in2008 – the evidence for hypertension. Clinical Trialssymposium. 56th Annual Scientific Meeting of theCardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Adelaide,Australia, August 2008.

Predicting risk in diabetes. Advances in Cardiovascularand Metabolic Medicine. Melbourne, Australia, July 2008.

Anne-Laure Ropars

G-FINDER: Global funding of innovation for neglecteddiseases. WHO Expert Working Group on R&D andFinancing. Geneva, Switzerland, January 2009.

Teresa Senserrick

The importance of experience. Learner Driver MentorProgram Seminar. Sydney, Australia, May 2009.

Development and evaluation of a driver education andtraining program to reduce novice driver crashes inChina. The George Institute Research and DevelopmentAdvisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

Motivating behaviour change among young drivers:recent findings on developmental issues and the role ofparents. High Risk Road Users: Motivating BehaviourChange, What Works and What Doesn’t Work?Brisbane, Australia, September 2008.

Burden of injury in the Asia-Pacific region: Research inprogress at The George Institute, Sydney, Australia.National Institutes of Health. Washington DC, USA,August 2008.

Young novice drivers: crash risk factors and successfulinterventions. The George Institute, China. Beijing,China, July 2008.

Cathie Sherrington

Is it inactivity rather than ageing that causes disability inolder people? University of Sydney Faculties of HealthBiennial Research Conference - From Cell to Society 6.Leura, Australia, November 2008.

What works in exercise to prevent falls and injuries. 3rdAustralian and New Zealand Falls Prevention (ANZFP)Conference. Melbourne, Australia, October 2008.

Rob Smeets

Exposure in vivo versus operant graded activity in chroniclow back pain patients: results of a randomizedcontrolled trial. 12th World Congress on Pain. Glasgow,UK, August 2008.

The relationship between psychosocial distress anddisability assessed by the SCL-90-R and RMDQ in patientswith chronic low back at six pain rehabilitation centers inthe Netherlands. 12th World Congress on Pain. Glasgow,UK, August 2008.

What is the influence of the fear-avoidance model on thereduced aerobic fitness in chronic low back pain? 12thWorld Congress on Pain. Glasgow, UK, August 2008.

Chronic low back pain treatment. What do we learnfrom recent research and how should we move on? Pain,Mind, and Movement II, Satellite Symposium of The IrishPain Society. 12th World Congress on Pain. Dublin,Ireland, August 2008.

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A rehabilitation medicine point of view regarding thefear-avoidance model during multidisciplinary forum ondifficult cases or conditions: To fear or not to fear. Pain,Mind, and Movement II, Satellite Symposium of The IrishPain Society. 12th World Congress on Pain. Dublin,Ireland, August 2008.

Tasha Stanton

Definitions of recurrence of low back pain: A systematicreview. Boston International Forum X: Primary CareResearch on Low Back Pain. Boston, USA, June 2009.

Definitions of recurrence of an episode of low back pain:A systematic review. University of Sydney Faculties ofHealth Biennial Research Conference. From Cell toSociety 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Mark Stevenson

WHO World Report on Child Injury Prevention -Implications for Australia. Child Risk, Safety and InjuryPrevention Conference. Sydney, Australia, April 2009.

Injury and globalization. 2nd Asia Pacific Injury PreventionConference. Hanoi, Vietnam, November 2008.

Road safety engagement in the Asia Pacific: Research,policy and practice. Australasian Road Safety Research,Policing and Education Conference. Adelaide, Australia,November 2008.

Steve Su

Fitting generalised lambda distribution to data via quantilematching method. Conference at the Department ofMathematics in honor of Professor Edward J. Dudewicz.New York, USA, July 2008.

Colman Taylor

The costs and efficacy of Helicopter Emergency MedicalServices. University of Sydney Faculties of Health BiennialResearch Conference - Cell to Society 6. Leura, Australia,November 2008.

Fluid resuscitation in intensive care. The George InstituteResearch and Development Advisory Committee (RADAC)Symposium. Sydney, Australia, October 2008.

The efficacy of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services.Emerging Health Policy Research Conference. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

Jacqui Webster

Add a pinch of salt! Monitoring recipes in magazines foradvice about salt usage. 18th National Conference of theAustralian Health Promotion Association. Perth, Australia,May 2009.

The nutrient content of children’s fast food meals. 18thNational Conference of the Australian Health PromotionAssociation. Perth, Australia, May 2009.

Drop the Salt! An evidence-based advocacy approach tomake salt reduction a government priority. 18th NationalConference of the Australian Health PromotionAssociation. Perth, Australia, May 2009.

From the salt cellar to society: monitoring salt reductionin processed foods in Australia. University of SydneyFaculties of Health Biennial Research Conference - FromCell to Society 6. Leura, Australia, November 2008.

Reducing salt in Australian processed foods – the needfor government intervention. Menzies 3rd AnnualEmerging Health Policy Conference. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

Reducing children’s salt intakes in Australia. PopulationHealth Congress. Brisbane, Australia, July 2008.

A life for less salt. Advances in Cardiovascular andMetabolic Medicine. Melbourne, Australia. July 2008.

Mark Woodward

Cardiovascular disease and risk factor prevalence in theAsia Pacific region. Harvard University. Boston, USA, March2009.

Socio-economic status - the novel risk factor. East MeetsWest Cardiology (EMWC). Chiang Mai, Thailand, August2008.

Reducing risk, increasing longevity. East Meets WestCardiology (EMWC). Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 2008.

The importance of HDL-cholesterol in atherosclerosis:focus on Asia-Pacific region. East Meets West Cardiology(EMWC). Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 2008.

Yangfeng Wu

The epidemic and consideration of dislipidemia controlrate for Chinese who are at high and extremely high riskof CHD. Lingnan Congress of Cardiology. Guangzhou,China, April 2009.

The integrative risk factors of cardiovascular diseases andthe latest update of treatment strategies. InternationalHot Topics Heart Forum. Beijing, China, April 2009.

The trends in incidence and mortality of stroke in Asia. TheLancet Medical Forum. Beijing, China, November 2008.

Global cardiovascular risk and prevention and control ofcardiovascular disease. The 19th Great Wall InternationalCongress of Cardiology. Beijing, China, October 2008.

Regional challenges and opportunities in cardiovascularresearch - Towards a new order in cardiovascularmedicine re-engineering through global collaboration.European Society of Cardiology Congress. Munich,Germany, August 2008.

Du Xin

Cardiovascular management in Chinese hospitals. TheGeorge Institute Research and Development AdvisoryCommittee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney, Australia,October 2008.

Sophia Zoungas

The world’s largest study of type 2 diabetes treatments.The George Institute Research and DevelopmentAdvisory Committee (RADAC) Symposium. Sydney,Australia, October 2008.

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THE GEORGE INSTITUTE

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