The Gaze and the Media

8/2/2019 The Gaze and the Media

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The Gaze and The

Media

[email protected]


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according to usage and

conventions which are at lastbeing questioned but have by no

means been overcome - men actand women appear. Men look at

women. Women watch themselves

being looked at(Berger 1972)


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Hans Memling

Vanity

(1485)


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ALEXANDRE CABANEL Birth Of Venus 1863


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SopSophie Dahl for Opium


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Titian's Venus of Urbino,1538


9/42MANET - Olympia1863


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Ingres Le Grand Odalisque (1814)


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MANET - Bar at the Folies Bergeres, 1882


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Jeff Wall Picture For Women(1979)


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Coward, R.

(1984) The camera in

contemporary

media has been putto use as an

extension of the

male gaze atwomen on the

streets


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Eva Herzigova, 1994


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Coward, R.

(1984) The profusion of

images whichcharacterisescontemporary societycould be seen as anobsessive distancingof women a form of

voyeurism Peeping Tom, 1960


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From 2007


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Marilyn: William Travillas dress from

The Seven Year Itch (1955)


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ArtemisiaGentileschiJudithBeheading

Holofernes

1620,
http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpghttp://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/f/images/femns_gentles.jud.behd.lg.jpg


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Pollock, G (1981)

Women marginalised within the masculine

discourses of art history

This marginalisation supports thehegemony of men in cultural practice, in

art

Women not only marginalised butsupposedto be marginalised


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Cindy Sherman,

Untitled Film Still #6,

1977-79


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Barbara Kruger

Your Gaze Hits The Sideof My Face

(1981)


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Barbara Kruger

I Shop Therefore IAm

1983


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Sarah Lucas Eating a Banana 1990


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Sarah Lucas

Self Portrait withFried Eggs1996


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Tracey Emin

Money Photo

2001


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The idea that women are natural liars has a long

pedigree. The key document in this centuries-

long tradition is the notorious witch-hunter's

manual, the Malleus Maleficarum or The

Hammer of Witches, which was commissioned

by Pope Innocent VIII. The book was written

by two Dominican monks and published in

1486. It unleashed a flood of irrational beliefs

about women's "dual" nature. "A woman is

beautiful to look upon, contaminating to the

touch, and deadly to keep," the authors warned.They also claimed that "all witchcraft comes

from carnal lust, which is in women insatiable".

It's not difficult to see these myths lurking

behind Pacelli's description of Knox: "She was

a diabolical, satantic, demonic she-devil. Shewas muddy on the outside and dirty on the

inside. She has two souls, the clean one you see

before you and the other." The lawyer's claim

that she was motivated by "lust" could have

come straight from the Malleus, which insists

that women are more "carnal" than men.


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Knox/Sollecito Case


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The Daily Mail has emerged as the major fall guy by

mistakenly publishing the wrong online version of

the Amanda Knox verdict.

Knox won her appeal, but the paper's website initially

carried a story headlined "Guilty: Amanda Knox

looks stunned as appeal against murder conviction isrejected.

The Mail was not the only British news outlet to

make the error. The Sun and Sky News did it too and

yes - hands up here - so did The Guardian in its live

blog.

It would appear that a false translation of the judge's

summing up caused the problem, leading to papersjumping the gun.

So why has the Mail suffered the greatest flak? In

time-honoured fashion, echoing the hot metal days of

Fleet Street, it prepared a story lest the verdict go the

other way.

But it over-egged the pudding by inventing "colour"that purported to reveal Knox's reaction along with

the responses of people in the court room.

It even included quotes from prosecutors that were,

self-evidently, totally fake.

In other words, by publishing its standby story, the

Mail exposed itself as guilty of fabrication.


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Susan Sontag (1979) On

Photography 'To photograph is to appropriate the

thing photographed'

The act of photographing is more thanpassive observing. Like sexualvoyeurism, it is a way of at least tacitly,

often explicitly, encouraging what isgoing on to keep on happening'


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Paparazzi shot of Princess Diana


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REReality Television

Appears to offer us the position as the all-seeing

eye- the power of the gaze

Allows us a voyeuristic passive consumption of atype of reality

Editing means that there is no reality

Contestants are aware of their representation

(either as TV professionals or as people who have

watched the show)


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The Truman Show (1988) dir

Peter Weir


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BBig Brother 2011


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Looking is not indifferent. Therecan never be any question of

'just looking'.

Victor Burgin (1982)


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Further reading

John Berger (1972) Ways of Seeing, Chapter3

Victor Burgin (1982) Thinking Photography

Rosalind Coward (1984) The Look

Laura Mulvey (1973) Visual Pleasure and

Narrative Cinema

Griselda Pollock (1982) Old Mistresses

The Gaze and the Media

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