The Future of Wireless in Education

The Future of Wireless in Education

Some Thoughts

Peter M. Siegel

CIO, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

[email protected]

Networking 2001 Washington, DC April 11, 2001

One Taxonomy of Wireless - 1• Room- or building-specific

– “wired” classrooms or office suites• little interference, put in “what works”, security manageable

by negotiation

• Ethernet, campus provided

• Campus-level (Ethernet)• cost and security issues significant, but getting addressed soon

– important to know who is using the network

• scaling to >>1000 users

• Ethernet, campus provided

One Taxonomy of Wireless - 2• Community Wireless

– Various protocols, industry-provided services– Universities believe/hope that negotiation with local

companies can lead to seamless services for campus community off-campus

• (Not borne out yet for cable or DSL…)

• Wide-area (inter/national) Wireless– As above– Only hope is flexible, open approach to service

provision

What else?• Old news:

– Wireless means integrated voice and data– The Web on PDAs: not very interesting per se

• More Important– multimedia streaming to small devices– asynchronous and synchronous services– educational value <==> entertainment value– Specialized services on a range of devices, not dumbed-

down desktop services

Next-Generation Wireless

• Campus Managed: Extension of Wired Infrastructure– >10 mbits now

– integrated with wireline billing now

– security, geographic location identification almost here

• Wide-area “3G” Wireless– 100s of kilobits mobile to mbits indoors

– billing standards developing

– security? Geographic location to be there

– Timing: Will companies recoup “2G” system investments first?

eLearning, eCollaboration, and Wireless

• eLearning & eCollaboration teach us students/faculty need/want access to the best campus services even when off-campus or outside classroom settings– First wave: Comparable speeds as on campus for basic services

• Wired apartments, homes

• High-speed access to local services over web to anywhere

– Second wave: Truly mobile access to services beyond the web• Staying in asynchronous data contact >> synchronous voice contact

• Synchronous data contact: Learning communities in traditional locations (library) and non-traditional locations

Integrated View of Wireless Services

Universities must move from taking care of services they can own…

…To working with industry to ensure that wide-area wireless interoperates with campus services, allowing:– a consistent view of services by end-user

– a small number of interfaces and protocols

– no blocking of required security (e.g. VPN) or other basic functions for “consumer” services

Issue #1

• Bottleneck: It’s very hard to get information from industry regarding technical directions and timing– Benefits of cooperating with academia early on appear

less than in the past

– Churn in industry • has obscured earlier joint successes

• means company contacts often do not know company technical plans

• means technical plans may change without warning

• makes it hard for universities to develop business models

Issue #2

• If industry-provided wireless is cheaper, more pervasive, and better, will campus-level wireless have been a good investment?– Academics want consistent access everywhere:

work, home, roaming campus, roaming the world

– Services must work anywhere

– Answer depends on timing

Issue #3

• Same technologies are used for business and personally… – cell phone, PDA, computer, broadband services– notion of managing uses by having duplicate

devices and networks is not sensible, but often the case today for academics following “the rules” (e.g. state law)

Issue #4• Ubiquitous, mobile computing is going to expand

more rapidly than we think– The services may be high-end today, but will be basic

to students, service workers, even faculty

– Business models for paying for services are still primitive

– Reliability and location-identification a major problem• life safety issues, emergencies, tracking network attacks

Issue #5• Security and Compliance is growing problem for

education– Conflict between anonymous access (library) and need to

identify source of attacks/threats• Some university lawyers: we must show due diligence in logging

activity and tracking perpetrators

– Wireless, esp. from non-campus, services will exacerbate this

• (A variant on the “hotmail” problem)

– DMCA, HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), CIPA (Children’s Internet Protection Act),

...and the list goes on...

Issue #6

• Scalability– Managing over wide range of customer

densities – Can we manage the wireless complex?– Can we afford it?– Can we bill for it effectively and cheaply?

Issue #7• The digital divide is exacerbated by improvements in

communications technology– Haves vs Have-nots:

• Haves can learn all the time at home, play, experiment • Have-nots must “wait in line”, work on task, and leave scarce public

sites (school seats, libraries, etc)• Universities may not be able to provide “free” access to community

because of security/compliance isues

– Cities vs. low-density areas• Services may deploy years later (or never?) at enormous cost

differences

– Promise of eLearning is in broad access• Profitable “low-hanging” fruit is among those who can pay the

premium

Conclusion

• Wireless Technologies, as part of Ubiquitous Mobile Computing, becoming critical to academia

• Academia is technically-capable, innovation-oriented, and enthusiastic

• Reaching non-traditional students and communities, especially have-nots, needs more partnership among academia, government, industry

• Many issues remain that slow down the effective adoption/deployment of these new technologies– regulatory, cultural, financial, and technical

ITFS, 3G, and the NPRM

Preserving and Developing Education’s Spectrum for the 21st Century

EDUCAUSEKenneth D. Salomon

Dow, Lohnes & Albertson, PLLC

[email protected]

What is ITFS

• ITFS = Instructional Television Fixed Service• FCC designated 2.5 GHz for educational use 40

years ago • Use by schools, colleges, universities, and other

educational groups • Nearly 1300 ITFS licensees:

– 331 colleges & universities with 752 licenses– 738 k-12 schools (public and private) with 879 licenses– 9 statewide networks

What is ITFS Used for

Current Uses:

• Video broadcasting (used by millions of students at tens of thousands of locations)

• Professional development

Future Uses:

• Wireless broadband at little or no cost to educational institutions

• Two-way digital video for interactive distance learning

• Wireless Wide Area Networking

Role of Commercial Partners• Lease excess capacity from ITFS licensees

– Revenue sharing/equipment and technical support

– Shared network

• Use excess capacity to provide video or fixed wireless broadband services – The only broadband option for some

– DSL/cable modem competition for others

• Two way authority makes spectrum more valuable to ITFS licensees

What is 3G

• Next (third) generation cell phone service

• Provides data at faster speeds, but is not truly broadband

• “Global standard” although spectrum allocation varies from country to country

• Several different standards evolving

FCC NPRM on 3G• 3G proponents claim an additional 160 MHz

below 3GHz are “required”• 2000 World Radio Conference identified 1.7

(DoD) and 2.5 (ITFS/MMDS) GHz bands as possible candidates

• Clinton October 2000 memorandum– NTIA and FCC Final Staff Reports

• March 30, 2001• http://www.fcc.gov/3G/

What is the Problem?

• The 160 MHz of additional spectrum below 3 GHz is NOT available unless existing users are relocated by the FCC or NTIA

• A prime band under review is used by ITFS• There is a very real risk that ITFS will be

relocated to much less desirable frequency• Threatens continued revenues/equipment

support from commercial providers and roll out of high speed wireless access

Comments on 2.5 GHz Band

With regard to ITFS, the FCC asks:

• Could a portion of the ITFS/MMDS band be made available to new entities?

• If so, how much spectrum, and where in the band?

• Could incumbent ITFS/MMDS licensees be accommodated in other bands?

Comments on 2.5 GHz (cont’d)

• If so, what procedures would apply to the relocated ITFS/MMDS licensees? – Expense reimbursement, alternative facilities, etc.

• Would allowing ITFS and MMDS licensees to provide mobile service be beneficial without reallocating the spectrum to other licensees?

Who Else is Involved?

• Other policy makers involved:

--Congress

--White House

-- Department of Commerce

-- Department of Education

WEB NOW Campaign

• Wireless Educational Broadband Now or WEB NOW Campaign– Website: www.itfs.org/webnow– NIA and ITFS Spectrum Alliance

• Working with Catholic Television Network

– 100+ National, State, Local Members• EDUCAUSE

– Both Washington and Grassroots– Targeting FCC, Congress, NTIA, White House

WEB NOW Campaign

• Washington– LobbyingVisits, Letters and Calls

• FCC and on the Hill

– FCC Comments and Reply Comments– Letters to Secretaries Paige and Evans– Media

• Grassroots

The Future of Wirelessin Education

The Future of Wirelessin Education

Bill LaneBill Lane

Chief TechnologistChief Technologist

Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Wireless Telecommunications Bureau

Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission

Bill LaneBill Lane

Chief TechnologistChief Technologist

Wireless Telecommunications Bureau Wireless Telecommunications Bureau

Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission

Today’s Plan

Framing the issues Framing the issues

How your Federal CommunicationsHow your Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fits in!Commission (FCC) fits in!

The search for 3G spectrumThe search for 3G spectrum& why all this is important to you!& why all this is important to you!

Framing the issues Framing the issues

How your Federal CommunicationsHow your Federal Communications Commission (FCC) fits in!Commission (FCC) fits in!

The search for 3G spectrumThe search for 3G spectrum& why all this is important to you!& why all this is important to you!

The “Enterprise” EnvironmentThe “Enterprise” Environment

Source: Drew and Dillinger, “Evolution Toward Reconfigurable UserEquipment”, IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2001

The Convergence Issue!The Convergence Issue!

WAPWAPWAPWAP

J2MEJ2MEJ2MEJ2ME

CDMACDMACDMACDMA

GSMGSMGSMGSM

C#C#C#C#

XMLXMLXMLXML

BREWBREWBREWBREW

SmartphoneSmartphoneSmartphoneSmartphone

BWABWABWABWA

PalmOSPalmOSPalmOSPalmOS

802.11b802.11b802.11b802.11b

PDAPDAPDAPDA

HiperLan/2HiperLan/2HiperLan/2HiperLan/2

PocketPCPocketPCPocketPCPocketPC

3G3G3G3G

BluetoothBluetoothBluetoothBluetooth

The “Cellular/PCS” Issue

0

50

100

150

200

19841985

19861987

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999 (e)

2000 (e)

2001 (e)

2002 (e)

2003 (e)

2004 (e)

2005 (e)

2006 (e)

2007 (e)

2008 (e)

Mil

lion

s of

Sub

scri

bers

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

Pen

etra

tion

Estimated Subscribers

Penetration

Source: Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association and Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette

Cellular/PCS Subscribers & Penetration

Cellular/PCS Subscribers & Penetration

Part of the “Spectrum” Issue

Spectrum Identified by ITU for IMT-2000 Near 2 GHz

175 90140

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200MHz

WRC-2000

WARC-92

US Spectrum Use Near 2GHz

60 20 60

45

35 35

95 85

40

10

5

1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200

PCS

Satellite

MHz

PCS MobilePCS UnlicPCS BaseProp. Adv. Srvc.MSS UplinkMSS DownlinkGovtGovt/Bcast AuxMDS

WWLLAANN Data Rate Spectrum

Bluetooth 1 Mbps 2.4 GHz

802.11b 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz

802.11a 54 Mbps 5.0 GHz

802.11g 22 Mbps 2.4 GHz

The “Wireless Access” Issue

Unlicensed!

Part 15!

Unlicensed!

Part 15!

Part 15

No harmful interference caused and No harmful interference caused and received interference accepted received interference accepted

Limited powerLimited power

Must accede to primary licensed usersMust accede to primary licensed users

No harmful interference caused and No harmful interference caused and received interference accepted received interference accepted

Limited powerLimited power

Must accede to primary licensed usersMust accede to primary licensed users

The FCCThe FCC Established by the Communications Act of 1934Established by the Communications Act of 1934 Independent agency of U.S. governmentIndependent agency of U.S. government Responsible to CongressResponsible to Congress

Charged with establishing policy to govern interstate and Charged with establishing policy to govern interstate and international communications by television, radio, wire,international communications by television, radio, wire, satellite, and cablesatellite, and cable

Note: Government use is handled by the National Telecommunications Note: Government use is handled by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), Dept. of Commerceand Information Administration (NTIA), Dept. of Commerce

Headed by five Commissioners, each appointed by theHeaded by five Commissioners, each appointed by the President, with one designated as ChairmanPresident, with one designated as Chairman

Chairman Michael Powell (R)Chairman Michael Powell (R)Commissioner Susan Ness (D) [Kathleen Abernathy]Commissioner Susan Ness (D) [Kathleen Abernathy]Commissioner Gloria Tristani (D)Commissioner Gloria Tristani (D)Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth (R) [Kevin Martin]Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth (R) [Kevin Martin][Michael Copps][Michael Copps]

Established by the Communications Act of 1934Established by the Communications Act of 1934 Independent agency of U.S. governmentIndependent agency of U.S. government Responsible to CongressResponsible to Congress

Charged with establishing policy to govern interstate and Charged with establishing policy to govern interstate and international communications by television, radio, wire,international communications by television, radio, wire, satellite, and cablesatellite, and cable

Note: Government use is handled by the National Telecommunications Note: Government use is handled by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), Dept. of Commerceand Information Administration (NTIA), Dept. of Commerce

Headed by five Commissioners, each appointed by theHeaded by five Commissioners, each appointed by the President, with one designated as ChairmanPresident, with one designated as Chairman

Chairman Michael Powell (R)Chairman Michael Powell (R)Commissioner Susan Ness (D) [Kathleen Abernathy]Commissioner Susan Ness (D) [Kathleen Abernathy]Commissioner Gloria Tristani (D)Commissioner Gloria Tristani (D)Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth (R) [Kevin Martin]Commissioner Harold Furchtgott-Roth (R) [Kevin Martin][Michael Copps][Michael Copps]

The FCC

Seven Bureau’s Seven Bureau’s Seven Bureau’s Seven Bureau’s

WTB

Cable Services BureauCable Services BureauCommon Carrier BureauCommon Carrier BureauConsumer Information BureauConsumer Information BureauEnforcement BureauEnforcement BureauInternational BureauInternational BureauMass Media BureauMass Media BureauWireless Telecommunications BureauWireless Telecommunications Bureau

Cable Services BureauCable Services BureauCommon Carrier BureauCommon Carrier BureauConsumer Information BureauConsumer Information BureauEnforcement BureauEnforcement BureauInternational BureauInternational BureauMass Media BureauMass Media BureauWireless Telecommunications BureauWireless Telecommunications Bureau

Ten Office’s Ten Office’s Ten Office’s Ten Office’s

Administrative Law JudgesAdministrative Law Judges Communications Business OpportunitiesCommunications Business OpportunitiesEngineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology General CounselGeneral CounselInspector GeneralInspector General Legislative and Intergovernmental AffairsLegislative and Intergovernmental AffairsManaging DirectorManaging Director Media RelationsMedia RelationsPlans and PolicyPlans and Policy Workplace DiversityWorkplace Diversity

Administrative Law JudgesAdministrative Law Judges Communications Business OpportunitiesCommunications Business OpportunitiesEngineering and TechnologyEngineering and Technology General CounselGeneral CounselInspector GeneralInspector General Legislative and Intergovernmental AffairsLegislative and Intergovernmental AffairsManaging DirectorManaging Director Media RelationsMedia RelationsPlans and PolicyPlans and Policy Workplace DiversityWorkplace Diversity

Wireless Telecommunications Bureau

Responsible for all FCC domestic wireless telecommunications Responsible for all FCC domestic wireless telecommunications programs & policies except satellite communications programs & policies except satellite communications or broadcasting.or broadcasting.

Provide information, licensing, rulemaking, data storage for: Provide information, licensing, rulemaking, data storage for: Cellular telephonesCellular telephones Paging servicesPaging services Personal communications servicesPersonal communications services Public safetyPublic safety Commercial wireless servicesCommercial wireless services Private wireless servicesPrivate wireless services Auction spectrumAuction spectrum

Responsible for all FCC domestic wireless telecommunications Responsible for all FCC domestic wireless telecommunications programs & policies except satellite communications programs & policies except satellite communications or broadcasting.or broadcasting.

Provide information, licensing, rulemaking, data storage for: Provide information, licensing, rulemaking, data storage for: Cellular telephonesCellular telephones Paging servicesPaging services Personal communications servicesPersonal communications services Public safetyPublic safety Commercial wireless servicesCommercial wireless services Private wireless servicesPrivate wireless services Auction spectrumAuction spectrum

The ProcessThe Process

Notice of Inquiry (NOI):Notice of Inquiry (NOI): Gather information, generate ideas Gather information, generate ideasNotice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM):Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM): Propose rule Propose rule changes and seek public commentchanges and seek public commentFurther Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM):Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM): seek further public comment on specific issuesseek further public comment on specific issuesReport and Order (R&O): Report and Order (R&O): issue new rules, amend existing issue new rules, amend existing rules, make decisions not to do so; entered in Federal rules, make decisions not to do so; entered in Federal RegisterRegisterPetition for Reconsideration: Petition for Reconsideration: Dissatisfied with issue Dissatisfied with issue resolution, within 30 days file for reconsiderationresolution, within 30 days file for reconsiderationMemorandum Opinion and Order (MO&O): Memorandum Opinion and Order (MO&O): response to response to petition for reconsiderationpetition for reconsideration

Notice of Inquiry (NOI):Notice of Inquiry (NOI): Gather information, generate ideas Gather information, generate ideasNotice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM):Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM): Propose rule Propose rule changes and seek public commentchanges and seek public commentFurther Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM):Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM): seek further public comment on specific issuesseek further public comment on specific issuesReport and Order (R&O): Report and Order (R&O): issue new rules, amend existing issue new rules, amend existing rules, make decisions not to do so; entered in Federal rules, make decisions not to do so; entered in Federal RegisterRegisterPetition for Reconsideration: Petition for Reconsideration: Dissatisfied with issue Dissatisfied with issue resolution, within 30 days file for reconsiderationresolution, within 30 days file for reconsiderationMemorandum Opinion and Order (MO&O): Memorandum Opinion and Order (MO&O): response to response to petition for reconsiderationpetition for reconsideration

Core U.S. Goals for Spectrum Management

• Maximize efficient use of radio spectrumMaximize efficient use of radio spectrum• Promote competitionPromote competition• Expand accessExpand access• Protect and promote the public interestProtect and promote the public interest• Ensure ability of operators to adapt to new Ensure ability of operators to adapt to new

technologies, new services and new market technologies, new services and new market needsneeds

• Maximize efficient use of radio spectrumMaximize efficient use of radio spectrum• Promote competitionPromote competition• Expand accessExpand access• Protect and promote the public interestProtect and promote the public interest• Ensure ability of operators to adapt to new Ensure ability of operators to adapt to new

technologies, new services and new market technologies, new services and new market needsneeds

Source: FCC Principles for Reallocation of Spectrum to Encourage the Development of Telecommunications Technologies for the New Millenium, 18 NOV 99

Goal ImplementationIn the U.S., these core goals are achieved by:In the U.S., these core goals are achieved by: Allowing for flexible spectrum usesAllowing for flexible spectrum uses Enabling multiple competing technologiesEnabling multiple competing technologies Minimizing the number of rulesMinimizing the number of rules

– to eliminate harmful interferenceto eliminate harmful interference

– to promote competitionto promote competition

Using auctions to assign licensesUsing auctions to assign licenses– Communications Act of 1934Communications Act of 1934

– Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993

– Telecommunications Act of 1996Telecommunications Act of 1996

– Balanced Budget Act of 1997Balanced Budget Act of 1997

– Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization ActStrom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act

for Fiscal Year 1999for Fiscal Year 1999

In the U.S., these core goals are achieved by:In the U.S., these core goals are achieved by: Allowing for flexible spectrum usesAllowing for flexible spectrum uses Enabling multiple competing technologiesEnabling multiple competing technologies Minimizing the number of rulesMinimizing the number of rules

– to eliminate harmful interferenceto eliminate harmful interference

– to promote competitionto promote competition

Using auctions to assign licensesUsing auctions to assign licenses– Communications Act of 1934Communications Act of 1934

– Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993

– Telecommunications Act of 1996Telecommunications Act of 1996

– Balanced Budget Act of 1997Balanced Budget Act of 1997

– Strom Thurmond National Defense Authorization ActStrom Thurmond National Defense Authorization Act

for Fiscal Year 1999for Fiscal Year 1999

Policy Implications - Flexibility

Allowing flexibility in spectrum usage means Allowing flexibility in spectrum usage means that:that:

• License uses should not be restricted except License uses should not be restricted except to prevent interference to prevent interference (e.g., authorize fixed as well as mobile, data (e.g., authorize fixed as well as mobile, data as well as voice)as well as voice)

• Operators should be allowed to evolve to Operators should be allowed to evolve to more advanced servicesmore advanced services

Allowing flexibility in spectrum usage means Allowing flexibility in spectrum usage means that:that:

• License uses should not be restricted except License uses should not be restricted except to prevent interference to prevent interference (e.g., authorize fixed as well as mobile, data (e.g., authorize fixed as well as mobile, data as well as voice)as well as voice)

• Operators should be allowed to evolve to Operators should be allowed to evolve to more advanced servicesmore advanced services

Policy Implications - Technology Neutrality

Technology Neutrality means that:Technology Neutrality means that:• Multiple & competing technologies are allowed and Multiple & competing technologies are allowed and

encouragedencouraged• Industry takes the lead in achieving Industry takes the lead in achieving

interoperability/harmonization/standardizationinteroperability/harmonization/standardization• Innovation is encouraged and led by industryInnovation is encouraged and led by industry

Technology Neutrality means that:Technology Neutrality means that:• Multiple & competing technologies are allowed and Multiple & competing technologies are allowed and

encouragedencouraged• Industry takes the lead in achieving Industry takes the lead in achieving

interoperability/harmonization/standardizationinteroperability/harmonization/standardization• Innovation is encouraged and led by industryInnovation is encouraged and led by industry

US Allows 2G Licensees To Evolve Into 3G Providers

• Incumbent services, such as cellular, PCS Incumbent services, such as cellular, PCS and ESMR, have regulatory flexibility to and ESMR, have regulatory flexibility to evolve to advanced services, such as IMT-evolve to advanced services, such as IMT-2000 2000

• However, merely granting regulatory However, merely granting regulatory flexibility to allow incumbents to deploy flexibility to allow incumbents to deploy advanced services may not be sufficient to advanced services may not be sufficient to respond to anticipated demandrespond to anticipated demand

• Incumbent services, such as cellular, PCS Incumbent services, such as cellular, PCS and ESMR, have regulatory flexibility to and ESMR, have regulatory flexibility to evolve to advanced services, such as IMT-evolve to advanced services, such as IMT-2000 2000

• However, merely granting regulatory However, merely granting regulatory flexibility to allow incumbents to deploy flexibility to allow incumbents to deploy advanced services may not be sufficient to advanced services may not be sufficient to respond to anticipated demandrespond to anticipated demand

1 700-2690 MHZ BAND PRESENT AND PLANNED USE

1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 2300 2400 2500 2600 2700

MHz

1755

20251880 1920 1980

UMTS UNPAIRED

20102110 2170

1785 1805

1710 2025 2110

August 26, 2000

1885

TERRESTRIAL + HAPS

TERRESTRIAL

1525 - 15591610 -1660.52483.5 - 25002500 - 25202670 - 2690

ADDITIONALIMT-2000SATELLITE(141 MHz)

1710 2165211020251850 1990

19301910

GSMBASE

GSMMOB

MSS UPLINK(1980-2010)

MSS DOWNLINK(2170-2200)

UMTSMOB

UMTSBASE

DECTTDD (1890-1880)

DECTUNPAIR

MSS

UP

MSS

UP

TO

BE

AU

CT

TO

BE

A

UC

T

MSS

DN

MSS

DN

GOVT

FX, MOB,

SAT

PCSMOB

PCS

BASE

PC

SUN

P

G/NG

MMDS(2150-2160)

IMT -2000 TERRESTRIAL

MSS (20 MHz)

MDS, MMDS, ITFS

3G EUROPE& OTHERS

U.S.

2690

2G EUROPE & OTHERS

Three U.S. Goals for WRC-2000

• Identify more than one band pair for IMT-2000 Identify more than one band pair for IMT-2000 use.use. – Different countries have different needs for mobile spectrum. Different countries have different needs for mobile spectrum.

• Allow nations to choose among bands that are Allow nations to choose among bands that are equally appropriate for IMT-2000 use.equally appropriate for IMT-2000 use.– Mandatory harmonization stifles competition and Mandatory harmonization stifles competition and

technological development.technological development.

• Adopt a technologically-neutral band allocation.Adopt a technologically-neutral band allocation.– Industry decisions should rest on sound engineering, not on Industry decisions should rest on sound engineering, not on

arbitrary government decisions.arbitrary government decisions.

• Identify more than one band pair for IMT-2000 Identify more than one band pair for IMT-2000 use.use. – Different countries have different needs for mobile spectrum. Different countries have different needs for mobile spectrum.

• Allow nations to choose among bands that are Allow nations to choose among bands that are equally appropriate for IMT-2000 use.equally appropriate for IMT-2000 use.– Mandatory harmonization stifles competition and Mandatory harmonization stifles competition and

technological development.technological development.

• Adopt a technologically-neutral band allocation.Adopt a technologically-neutral band allocation.– Industry decisions should rest on sound engineering, not on Industry decisions should rest on sound engineering, not on

arbitrary government decisions.arbitrary government decisions.

Results of WRC-2000

• WRC-2000 adopted an equitable, multi-WRC-2000 adopted an equitable, multi-band, technologically neutral approach for band, technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000.IMT-2000.

• Bands Identified for IMT-2000: Bands Identified for IMT-2000: – 806-960 MHz 806-960 MHz (WRC-00, FN S5.XXX )(WRC-00, FN S5.XXX )

– 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz (WARC-92, (WARC-92,

FN S5.388)FN S5.388) – 1710-1885 MHz1710-1885 MHz and and 2500-2690 MHz2500-2690 MHz (WRC-00, (WRC-00,

FN S5.AAAFN S5.AAA

• Bottom Line - Need 160 MHz!Bottom Line - Need 160 MHz!

• WRC-2000 adopted an equitable, multi-WRC-2000 adopted an equitable, multi-band, technologically neutral approach for band, technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000.IMT-2000.

• Bands Identified for IMT-2000: Bands Identified for IMT-2000: – 806-960 MHz 806-960 MHz (WRC-00, FN S5.XXX )(WRC-00, FN S5.XXX )

– 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz 1885-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz (WARC-92, (WARC-92,

FN S5.388)FN S5.388) – 1710-1885 MHz1710-1885 MHz and and 2500-2690 MHz2500-2690 MHz (WRC-00, (WRC-00,

FN S5.AAAFN S5.AAA

• Bottom Line - Need 160 MHz!Bottom Line - Need 160 MHz!

United States Considering New Allocations for Advanced Services

• In December 2000 NPRM, FCC proposed In December 2000 NPRM, FCC proposed allocating:allocating:– 2110-2150 MHz 2110-2150 MHz – 2160-2165 MHz2160-2165 MHz– 1710-1755 MHz1710-1755 MHz– Auction by 2002Auction by 2002

• Study Alternative BandsStudy Alternative Bands– 1755-1850 MHz (Current DoD spectrum)1755-1850 MHz (Current DoD spectrum)– 2500-26902500-2690 MHz (Current MDS/ITFS)MHz (Current MDS/ITFS)

• In December 2000 NPRM, FCC proposed In December 2000 NPRM, FCC proposed allocating:allocating:– 2110-2150 MHz 2110-2150 MHz – 2160-2165 MHz2160-2165 MHz– 1710-1755 MHz1710-1755 MHz– Auction by 2002Auction by 2002

• Study Alternative BandsStudy Alternative Bands– 1755-1850 MHz (Current DoD spectrum)1755-1850 MHz (Current DoD spectrum)– 2500-26902500-2690 MHz (Current MDS/ITFS)MHz (Current MDS/ITFS)

1755-1850 MHz in the U.S.

• DoD telecommand, telemetry and control of DoD telecommand, telemetry and control of military satellitesmilitary satellites

• Military tactical radio-relayMilitary tactical radio-relay

• Government fixed microwaveGovernment fixed microwave

• Military instrumented rangesMilitary instrumented ranges

• Naval ship-ship, ship-shore digital wide-Naval ship-ship, ship-shore digital wide-band voice and data linksband voice and data links

• DoD telecommand, telemetry and control of DoD telecommand, telemetry and control of military satellitesmilitary satellites

• Military tactical radio-relayMilitary tactical radio-relay

• Government fixed microwaveGovernment fixed microwave

• Military instrumented rangesMilitary instrumented ranges

• Naval ship-ship, ship-shore digital wide-Naval ship-ship, ship-shore digital wide-band voice and data linksband voice and data links

Study Result: “Some” limited sharing possible; Study Result: “Some” limited sharing possible; ~$ 4-5B relocation costs; long time frame~$ 4-5B relocation costs; long time frameStudy Result: “Some” limited sharing possible; Study Result: “Some” limited sharing possible; ~$ 4-5B relocation costs; long time frame~$ 4-5B relocation costs; long time frame

2500-2690 MHz in the U.S.• High-speed fixed wirelessHigh-speed fixed wireless

– Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)– Instructional Fixed Television Service Instructional Fixed Television Service

(ITFS)(ITFS)

• Former one-way multi-channel video Former one-way multi-channel video programming providers prepare to launch two-way programming providers prepare to launch two-way wireless broadband serviceswireless broadband services

• High-speed fixed wirelessHigh-speed fixed wireless– Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)– Instructional Fixed Television Service Instructional Fixed Television Service

(ITFS)(ITFS)

• Former one-way multi-channel video Former one-way multi-channel video programming providers prepare to launch two-way programming providers prepare to launch two-way wireless broadband serviceswireless broadband services

Study Result: Sharing not possible; relocationStudy Result: Sharing not possible; relocation unlikely; ~$ 10-30 B to relocateunlikely; ~$ 10-30 B to relocateStudy Result: Sharing not possible; relocationStudy Result: Sharing not possible; relocation unlikely; ~$ 10-30 B to relocateunlikely; ~$ 10-30 B to relocate

Next Steps for Additional 3G Allocations

FCC NPRM on Additional 3G Spectrum FCC NPRM on Additional 3G Spectrum issued December 2000issued December 2000

FCC and NTIA Final Sharing Reports FCC and NTIA Final Sharing Reports Published in March 2001Published in March 2001

FCC Report and Order on Additional 3G FCC Report and Order on Additional 3G Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 2001Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 2001

FCC Auction of Additional 3G Spectrum by FCC Auction of Additional 3G Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 20023rd Quarter 2002

FCC NPRM on Additional 3G Spectrum FCC NPRM on Additional 3G Spectrum issued December 2000issued December 2000

FCC and NTIA Final Sharing Reports FCC and NTIA Final Sharing Reports Published in March 2001Published in March 2001

FCC Report and Order on Additional 3G FCC Report and Order on Additional 3G Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 2001Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 2001

FCC Auction of Additional 3G Spectrum by FCC Auction of Additional 3G Spectrum by 3rd Quarter 20023rd Quarter 2002

700 MHz Band

Auction of licenses in the 747-762 and 777-792 Auction of licenses in the 747-762 and 777-792 MHz band scheduled for September 2001MHz band scheduled for September 2001

Bands slated for auction can be used to provide a Bands slated for auction can be used to provide a wide range of advanced wireless services, wide range of advanced wireless services, including IMT-2000including IMT-2000

Relocation of existing users (TV) and protection Relocation of existing users (TV) and protection of public safety important issues for these bandsof public safety important issues for these bands

Auction of licenses in the 747-762 and 777-792 Auction of licenses in the 747-762 and 777-792 MHz band scheduled for September 2001MHz band scheduled for September 2001

Bands slated for auction can be used to provide a Bands slated for auction can be used to provide a wide range of advanced wireless services, wide range of advanced wireless services, including IMT-2000including IMT-2000

Relocation of existing users (TV) and protection Relocation of existing users (TV) and protection of public safety important issues for these bandsof public safety important issues for these bands

3G Additional Steps

In November 2000, FCC issued NPRM on In November 2000, FCC issued NPRM on promoting secondary markets in spectrum promoting secondary markets in spectrum (Report and Order expected in 2001)(Report and Order expected in 2001)

In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on CMRS In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on CMRS Spectrum Cap Spectrum Cap (Report and Order expected in 2001)(Report and Order expected in 2001)

In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on software defined radiosoftware defined radio

Comments on Studies due April 16, 2001Comments on Studies due April 16, 2001

In November 2000, FCC issued NPRM on In November 2000, FCC issued NPRM on promoting secondary markets in spectrum promoting secondary markets in spectrum (Report and Order expected in 2001)(Report and Order expected in 2001)

In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on CMRS In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on CMRS Spectrum Cap Spectrum Cap (Report and Order expected in 2001)(Report and Order expected in 2001)

In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on In December 2000, FCC issued NPRM on software defined radiosoftware defined radio

Comments on Studies due April 16, 2001Comments on Studies due April 16, 2001

Conclusion FCC is sensitive to the issues at hand!FCC is sensitive to the issues at hand! Following an equitable, regionally coherent and Following an equitable, regionally coherent and

technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000:technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000:– Maximizes efficient use of radio spectrumMaximizes efficient use of radio spectrum

– Promotes competition among usersPromotes competition among users

– Allows industry to implement new technologies and new Allows industry to implement new technologies and new servicesservices

Converging services and public demand can be Converging services and public demand can be accommodatedaccommodated

FCC is sensitive to the issues at hand!FCC is sensitive to the issues at hand! Following an equitable, regionally coherent and Following an equitable, regionally coherent and

technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000:technologically neutral approach for IMT-2000:– Maximizes efficient use of radio spectrumMaximizes efficient use of radio spectrum

– Promotes competition among usersPromotes competition among users

– Allows industry to implement new technologies and new Allows industry to implement new technologies and new servicesservices

Converging services and public demand can be Converging services and public demand can be accommodatedaccommodated

Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission• Home Page: Home Page:

http://www.fcc.gov/http://www.fcc.gov/• Electronic Filing System:Electronic Filing System:

http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/

Federal Communications CommissionFederal Communications Commission• Home Page: Home Page:

http://www.fcc.gov/http://www.fcc.gov/• Electronic Filing System:Electronic Filing System:

http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/http://www.fcc.gov/e-file/

Bill LaneBill LaneWTB, FCCWTB, FCCPhone: 202-418-0676Phone: 202-418-0676Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Bill LaneBill LaneWTB, FCCWTB, FCCPhone: 202-418-0676Phone: 202-418-0676Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]