The Future of R&D Requirements for Oxyfuel Combustion -Activities in Japan- Ken OKAZAKI Dean School of Engineering -Activities in Japan- Dean, School of Engineering Professor, Dept. of Mechanical and Control Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan Takashi KIGA Takashi KIGA Power Plant Division IHI Corporation, Japan C i R t Y A t li Tokyo Institute of Technology School of Engineering Capricorn Resort Y eppoon, Australia 13th September, 2011
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The Future of R&D Requirements for qOxyfuel Combustion
-Activities in Japan-
Ken OKAZAKIDean School of Engineering
-Activities in Japan-
Dean, School of EngineeringProfessor, Dept. of Mechanical and Control Engineering
Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan
Takashi KIGATakashi KIGAPower Plant Division
IHI Corporation, Japan
C i R t Y A t li
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Capricorn Resort Yeppoon, Australia 13th September, 2011
“Oxy-fuel combustion for power At the beginning
y pgeneration and carbon dioxide (CO2) capture”
Editted by Ligang Zheng
Part IIntroduction to oxy fuel combustion
Contents
Introduction to oxy-fuel combustionPart II
Oxy-fuel combustion fundamentalsPart IIIPart III
Advanced oxy-fuel combustion concepts and developments
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Oxy-Coal CombustionAt the beginning
Presentations2004 No presentation2005 One presentation2005 One presentation2006 One session2007 Full sessions (full of audience)… …2011 Full sessions (full of audience)
Panel: Oxy-Fuel TechnologyOxy-Fuel Technology I : Overview & DemonstrationsO F l T h l II E i iOxy-Fuel Technology II : EmissionsOxy-Fuel Technology III: Experimental StudiesOxy-Fuel Technology IV: Understanding Oxy-Combustion Impacts
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Oxy-Fuel Technology V : Burner Developments
US: FutureGen ProjectEU: Proposal under the NER300
2 Oxyfuel CCS projects were applied
At the beginning
"This investment in the world's
Announce of US DOE
US: FutureGen Project 2 Oxyfuel CCS projects were applied for a share of funding from NER300
This investment in the world s first, commercial-scale, oxy-combustion power plant will help to open up the over $300 billion
f J h ldmarket for coal unit repowering and position the country as a leader in an important part of the global clean energy economy."
Janshwalde Project(Germany)
global clean energy economy.
Dr. Steven ChuU.S. Secretary of EnergyA t 5 2010
Drax Project August 5, 2010
j(Yorkshire)(England)
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering< Source by Homepage of US DOE > < Source by Homepage of NER300 >
Contents
Oxyfuel Development History in JapanOxyfuel Development History in JapanBasic Study ItemsStudy items for DemonstrationStudy items for DemonstrationFuture StudyConclusionConclusion
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
200 FutureGen/B&W
DemoDemo.
Bench/Pilot
Terry Wall, IEA 1st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference, 2009
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering6
Furnace I D 1 3m x L 7 5m Steam GeneratorFurnace I.D. 1.3m x L 7.5m Steam GeneratorYear 1993 1998 2011
Photo
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Basic Study Items
Coal jet ignition Chemistry Burner aerodynamics and heat transfery
Char burnout SOx
Ash partitioning Ash partitioning Deposition Trace elements
Combustion by-products Combustion by products NOx, SOx
Heat transfer Radiant zone Radiant zone Convective zone
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
NOx reduction in Oxyfuel
Pulverized Coal + Gas
Alumina tube
Heater To Exhanst
To Analysis
Combustion Efficiency and NOx Conversion Ratio
NOx Reduction Ratio(doped NOx in combustion gas)
Drop Tube Furnace
< Kiga, Thermal Energy Symposium,1992 >g , gy y p ,
Combustion Efficiency was not changed by substitution of CO2 for N2 NOx comversion ratio decrease with increase the CO2 substitution NOx is possible to be reduced by gas recycle into flame
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
NOx is possible to be reduced by gas recycle into flame
Mass balance of N-atoms
System CR*Exhausted-NExhausted N
Fuel-N=
local CR and local RR wereexperimentally identified.
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
<Okazaki, Ando, ENERGY, 1997>
d ffi i COEasy and efficient CO2d ffi i COEasy and efficient CO2
Further NOx Reduction by Heat Recirculation
CaCO3
Easy and efficient CO2
separation · recovery
High
Easy and efficient CO2separation · recovery
CaCO3
Easy and efficient CO2
separation · recovery
High
Easy and efficient CO2separation · recovery
<Liu & Okazaki FUEL 2003>3
Small amount of
CoalO2
High concen-tration CO2
Furnace
3
Small amount of
CoalO2
High concen-tration CO2
Furnace
<Liu & Okazaki, FUEL, 2003>
exhausted flue gas(Extremely low NOx,SOx)
CO2
Recycled heat SOx emissions)
exhausted flue gas(Extremely low NOx,SOx)
CO2
Recycled heat SOx emissions)SOx)
Recycled gas (Mainly CO2 including NOx, SOx)
Intensify coal combustionDecrease NO further
Additional merits
SOx emissions)SOx)
Recycled gas (Mainly CO2 including NOx, SOx)
Intensify coal combustionDecrease NO further
Additional meritsIntensify coal combustionDecrease NO further
Additional merits
SOx emissions)
Decrease NO further through combustion with low O2 concentrationImprove fuel flexibilityB d l d h
Schematic of O2/CO2 Coal Combustion ith b th d h t i l ti
Decrease NO further through combustion with low O2 concentrationImprove fuel flexibilityB d l d h
Decrease NO further through combustion with low O2 concentrationImprove fuel flexibilityB d l d h
Schematic of O2/CO2 Coal Combustion ith b th d h t i l ti
Schematic of O2/CO2 Coal Combustion ith b th d h t i l ti
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Broaden load change range of a boiler
with both mass and heat recirculation Broaden load change range of a boilerBroaden load change range of a boiler
with both mass and heat recirculationwith both mass and heat recirculation
Drastic Reduction of CR* (Fuel-N to NOx) by Oxy-firing
Base caseC ti l
Oxy-fuelO2 : 30% O f l
ConventionalO2 : 21%H.R.: 0%
O2 : 30%H.R.: 0%
Oxy-fuelO2 : 21%H.R.: 0%
Oxy-fuelO2 : 15%H.R.: 40%
<Liu & Okazaki, FUEL, 2003>
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
The first oxyfuel combustion trial in 1993Initial Combustion TestInitial Combustion Test
Difficult of holdingp. [d
egC
]
Air (Wind-box O2: 21%)
Difficult of holding the stable flame in case of wind-box O2 of 21% in Distance from burner exit [m]
Flam
e Te
m
oxyfuelm
e Te
mp.
[deg
C]
Oxyfuel (Wind-box O2: 21%)Need to increase the inlet-O2 in order to keep the stable flame and
Distance from burner exit [m]
Flam
egC
]
stable flame and radiation heat transfer
Flam
e Te
mp.
[de
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Oxyfuel (Wind-box O2: 30%)
17
Distance from burner exit [m]
< NEDO Report, 1993 >
Flame Propagation Velocity in High CO2 Concentration30mm
Coal A(N2/O2)
Coal B(N2/O2)
Coal C(N2/O2)
Coal A(CO2/O2)
Coal A N2/O
2
1.5Ignition
5ms Coal A(CO2/O2)
Coal C(CO2/O2)1.0
5ms
10ms
Bright Low light
Coal C CO2/O
2
Coal C N2/O
2
Coal A CO2/O
2
0
0.5
15ms
20ms
light
Flame propagation behavior
0 1 2 3 4
Coal concentration [kg/m3]
0
Result of gravity-free experiment
Coal A, N2/O2 Coal C, N2/O2 Coal C, CO2/O2
In CO2/O2, flame brightness reduces and flame becomes unstable.
< Suda, et al, IHI Engineering Review, 1999 >By using a microgravity condition, effect of natural convection and buoyancy can be neglected, and experiment data can be directly compared with numerical simulation.
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Burner WB O2 control Non-control(Air)Recirculation gas flow
(GRF outlet)
Future Study on ASU (Air Separation Unit)
Scale-upSystem optimizationSystem optimizationReducing power consumption Innovative air separation method Innovative air separation method Membrane PSA etc PSA etc.
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Future Study on BTG (Boiler, Turbine, Generator)
Higher plant efficiency Higher Steam Condition (A-USC)g ( ) High temperature material corrosion
Countermeasure against air ingressg gDirect oxy-fuel combustion with minimum or no flue
gas recycleHigh pressure oxyfuel combustion systemChemical-looping combustion for power generation
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Needed Sub-Models for Oxy-PC Furnace
Heat transfer sub-model Radiant zone Convective zone
Ccal jet ignition sub-model Chemistry Burner aerodynamics and heat transfery
Char burnout sub-model SOx
Ash partitioning sub-model Ash partitioning sub model Deposition Trace elements
Combustion by-products Combustion by products NOx, SOx, Hg
Integrated furnace model
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
< J.O.L. Wendt, 2007 AIChE Meeting >
Future Study on CPU (CO2 Compression and Purification Unit)
Scale-upProcess optimizationProcess optimizationReducing power consumptionOptimized Pollutant Removal processOptimized Pollutant Removal process NOx SOx Hg, etc.
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Conclusion
The oxyfuel R&D and feasibility study were performed from the beginning of 1990’s for national program infrom the beginning of 1990 s for national program in Japan, and fundamental data was obtained.
Oxyfuel demonstration project is in progress andti ill t toperation will start soon.
Future activities are in study, and we progress toward commercialization and future oxyfuel combustion systemcommercialization and future oxyfuel combustion system
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
[Acknowledgements]These studies for the demonstration project were greatly supported by METI NEDOThese studies for the demonstration project were greatly supported by METI, NEDO, JCOAL, J-Power and IHI.
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering
Tokyo Institute of TechnologySchool of Engineering