The Future of Food Supply Veterinary Medicine: Demand, Supply, Opportunities and Challenges Presentation by Dr. Lyle Vogel Chair of the Project Management.

The Future of Food Supply The Future of Food Supply Veterinary Medicine:Veterinary Medicine:

Demand, Supply, Demand, Supply, Opportunities and Opportunities and

ChallengesChallenges Presentation byPresentation by

Dr. Lyle VogelDr. Lyle Vogel

Chair of the Project Management Chair of the Project Management Committee, Committee,

Food Supply Veterinary Medicine Food Supply Veterinary Medicine CoalitionCoalition

Estimating FSVM Demand Estimating FSVM Demand and Maintaining the and Maintaining the

Availability of Veterinarians Availability of Veterinarians for Careers in FSVMfor Careers in FSVM

David Andrus PhDDavid Andrus PhD

Kevin Gwinner PhDKevin Gwinner PhD

Bruce Prince PhDBruce Prince PhD

AVMAAVMA

VeterinaryVeterinary

AttitudesAttitudes

StudyStudy

20052005

FSVMC MembersFSVMC Members♦ Academy of Veterinary Consultants Academy of Veterinary Consultants ♦ American Association of Avian PathologistsAmerican Association of Avian Pathologists♦ American Association of Bovine PractitionersAmerican Association of Bovine Practitioners♦ American Association of Food Hygiene American Association of Food Hygiene

VeterinariansVeterinarians♦ American Association of Small Ruminant American Association of Small Ruminant

PractitionersPractitioners♦ American Association of Swine VeterinariansAmerican Association of Swine Veterinarians♦ American Veterinary Medical AssociationAmerican Veterinary Medical Association♦ Association of American Veterinary Medical Association of American Veterinary Medical

CollegesColleges♦ USDA Food Safety and Inspection ServiceUSDA Food Safety and Inspection Service

Mission of FSVMCMission of FSVMC

♦ To maintain abundant, safe and wholesome To maintain abundant, safe and wholesome food by ensuring that veterinarians are food by ensuring that veterinarians are appropriately involved throughout the food appropriately involved throughout the food supply system.supply system.

♦ The premise is that foods produced are The premise is that foods produced are

enhanced, both in safety and enhanced, both in safety and wholesomeness, when veterinarians are wholesomeness, when veterinarians are involved in all steps of production and involved in all steps of production and processing.processing.

Why This Research Why This Research Program?Program?

A shortage of FSVM professionals may A shortage of FSVM professionals may have critical implications for the have critical implications for the

profession, employers, societal well-profession, employers, societal well-being, and prosperitybeing, and prosperity..

Two Research Two Research ProgramsPrograms(Funded by Coalition members and Bayer (Funded by Coalition members and Bayer Animal Health)Animal Health)A series of U.S. & Canadian

studies organized around two research programs:

♦ Career attraction and career retention research program♦Attracting students♦Retaining students and graduates

♦ Labor market demand research program

Objectives of Career Attraction Objectives of Career Attraction and Career Retention Research and Career Retention Research ProgramProgram

1. Identify and evaluate existing and emerging factors (societal and economic) affecting students attracted to FSVM in the United States and Canada.

2. Determine how to recruit students, and develop and/or maintain students’ interest in FSVM while in US and Canadian veterinary schools.

3. Determine factors that affect selection of employment by FSVM graduates in the United States and Canada.

4. Determine how to retain recent graduates for 5+ years in FSVM in the United States and Canada.

Attraction, Selection, Retention

Recruiters Students

Deans

Food Animal Faculty

Alumni

Sample Design

Student AttractionStudent Attraction

♦ Factors that determine Factors that determine students selecting a particular students selecting a particular career focus in veterinary career focus in veterinary medicinemedicine

♦ Student expectations for FSVM Student expectations for FSVM careerscareers

♦ Factors that determine making Factors that determine making a lifelong commitment to FSVMa lifelong commitment to FSVM

Student Attraction Findings – Student Attraction Findings – Focus GroupsFocus Groups

Life ExperiencesLife Experiences Educational Debt and SalaryEducational Debt and Salary Important and Interesting WorkImportant and Interesting Work Family ConsiderationsFamily Considerations Job AvailabilityJob Availability Physical Demands of the JobPhysical Demands of the Job Lifestyle Issues – Geography and TimeLifestyle Issues – Geography and Time Animal Care MentalityAnimal Care Mentality Experiences in Veterinary SchoolExperiences in Veterinary School

Student Attraction Findings – Student Attraction Findings – SurveysSurveys

Students with FSVM InterestStudents with FSVM Interest Career is intellectually challengingCareer is intellectually challenging Vital that job is personally meaningfulVital that job is personally meaningful Rural lifestyleRural lifestyle Herd or flock care mentalityHerd or flock care mentality FSVM allows full utilization of medical FSVM allows full utilization of medical

knowledgeknowledge Strong mentorship valued in first jobStrong mentorship valued in first job Believe services are valued by producersBelieve services are valued by producers


Potential strategies to attract studentsPotential strategies to attract students1.1. Student debt repaymentStudent debt repayment

2.2. Paid summer externshipsPaid summer externships

3.3. Assistance to purchase practice Assistance to purchase practice equipmentequipment

4.4. Mentoring-shadowing program for high Mentoring-shadowing program for high school studentsschool students

5.5. Job placement servicesJob placement services

6.6. Assigned faculty mentorAssigned faculty mentor


Top reasons students indicated an Top reasons students indicated an interest in FSVMinterest in FSVM Rural lifestyleRural lifestyle Desire to contribute to public health or Desire to contribute to public health or

food safetyfood safety Career would provide a variety of Career would provide a variety of

interesting tasksinteresting tasks Opportunity to work with nice, Opportunity to work with nice,

interesting peopleinteresting people

AVMA Veterinary AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Attitudes Study 2005

Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor environment how important is the factor “Geographic Location”?“Geographic Location”?

Extremely Important or Very ImportantExtremely Important or Very Important Companion animalCompanion animal 65%65% (n=452)(n=452) Equine Equine 63%63% (n=74)(n=74) Food animalFood animal 84%*84%* (n=36)(n=36) Mixed animalMixed animal 66%66% (n=88)(n=88)

*Significantly different than companion animal, equine and mixed animal*Significantly different than companion animal, equine and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Question: In your opinion, when choosing a Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor work environment how important is the factor “Geographic Location”?“Geographic Location”?

65 63

8466

020406080

100

%

Companion

Animal

Equine Food

Animal*

Mixed

Animal

*Food animal signific antly different than c ompanion animal,

equine and mixed animal

Geographic Location is Extremely Important or Very

Important

Importance – Performance Analysis of Importance – Performance Analysis of Decision Factors Related to Lifetime Decision Factors Related to Lifetime

Career CommitmentCareer Commitment(How well does a factor contribute to a (How well does a factor contribute to a

commitment as well as how important that commitment as well as how important that factor is to the respondent)factor is to the respondent)

Survey of 2Survey of 2ndnd and 4 and 4thth year students year students

Importance – Performance Analysis

Importance-Performance analysis is a framework used in consumer research to examine attribute importance and performance.

The key idea is that knowing both the importance of the factor and its current level of performance are needed for informed resource allocation decisions.

The researchers applied this technique to attributes of a veterinary career in the context of a student making a lifetime commitment to a particular career focus.

Respondent InstructionsRespondent Instructions

♦ ““Please rate the importance of the following Please rate the importance of the following career goals that are career goals that are critically importantcritically important to you to you in your decision to make a lifetime commitment in your decision to make a lifetime commitment to your chosen occupational area.” to your chosen occupational area.” Rated on a four point scale of “Very Unimportant to “Very Rated on a four point scale of “Very Unimportant to “Very

Important”Important”

♦ ““Next, please rate how likely your chosen Next, please rate how likely your chosen occupational area will allow you to attain each occupational area will allow you to attain each career goal listed.”career goal listed.” Rated on a four point scale of “Very Unlikely” to “Very Likely”Rated on a four point scale of “Very Unlikely” to “Very Likely”

28 different career goals were assessed using this 28 different career goals were assessed using this procedure.procedure.

LowImportance

HighImportance

LowPerformance

HighPerformance

Importance – Performance Grid

Keep Up TheGood Work

ConcentrateHere

LowPriority

PossibleOverkill

Importance – Performance Grid for Food Animal StudentsEncouraging a Lifetime Commitment

LowImportance

HighImportance

LowPerformance

HighPerformance

Areas to concentrate

♦ Having a lot of free time to spend with my family.Having a lot of free time to spend with my family.♦ Family leave time for childbirth or illness.Family leave time for childbirth or illness.♦ Excellent health care benefits.Excellent health care benefits.♦ Excellent retirement benefits.Excellent retirement benefits.♦ Very flexible work hours.Very flexible work hours.♦ Becoming a leading authority in my occupational Becoming a leading authority in my occupational

area.area.♦ Extensive contact with other veterinarians at Extensive contact with other veterinarians at

work.work.

Areas to Concentrate on in Encouraging Areas to Concentrate on in Encouraging A Lifetime Commitment Among A Lifetime Commitment Among FoodFood Animal StudentsAnimal Students

Importance – Performance Grid for Non-Food Animal StudentsEncouraging a Lifetime Commitment

LowImportance

HighImportance

LowPerformance

HighPerformance

Areas to concentrate

♦ Having a lot of free time to spend with my Having a lot of free time to spend with my family.family.

♦ Family leave time for childbirth or illness.Family leave time for childbirth or illness.♦ Excellent health care benefits. Excellent health care benefits. ♦ Excellent retirement benefits. Excellent retirement benefits. ♦ Flexible career path that lets me move in Flexible career path that lets me move in

many different career directions.many different career directions.

Areas to Concentrate on in Encouraging Areas to Concentrate on in Encouraging A Lifetime Commitment Among A Lifetime Commitment Among Non-Non-FoodFood Animal Students Animal Students

Importance – Performance Analysis Summary

♦ Many items in the “keep up the good work” quadrant, and not many career factors in the “concentrate here” quadrant.

♦ Those areas to concentrate on for students revolve around

Personal issues (e.g., flexible work hours, time with family)

Benefits (e.g., retirement and health care)

Professional issues (e.g., becoming an authority in occupational area, flexible career path)

♦ There is much similarity among the factors that food animal students and non-food animal students rated as important, but low performing.

♦ Differences♦Food Animal – Leading authority, contact with

other veterinarians♦Non-Food Animal – Flexible career path


Personal issuesPersonal issuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work

environment how important is the factor “Time environment how important is the factor “Time off for vacation”?off for vacation”?

Extremely Important or Very importantExtremely Important or Very important Companion animal Companion animal 70%*70%* (n=482)(n=482) Equine Equine 61%61% (n=70)(n=70) Food animalFood animal 56%56% (n=24)(n=24) Mixed animalMixed animal 60%60% (n=79)(n=79)

*Significantly different than equine, food animal and mixed animal*Significantly different than equine, food animal and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Personal Issues Personal IssuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Time Off for environment how important is the factor “Time Off for Vacation”?Vacation”?

7061 58 60

020406080

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Significantly different than equine, food

animal and mixed animal

Time Off For Vacation is Extremely Important or Very

Important


Personal issuesPersonal issuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work

environment how important is the factor “Total environment how important is the factor “Total number of hours I am required to work”?number of hours I am required to work”?


*Significantly different than equine and mixed animal*Significantly different than equine and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Personal Issues Personal IssuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Total Number environment how important is the factor “Total Number of Hours I am Required to Work”?of Hours I am Required to Work”?

7053 57

44

0

20

40

60

80

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Signific antly different than equine and mixed animal

Total number of hours I am required to work is Extremely

Important or Very Important


Personal issuesPersonal issuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing Question: In your opinion, when choosing

a work environment how important is the a work environment how important is the factor “Flexible hours”?factor “Flexible hours”?

Extremely Important or Very importantExtremely Important or Very important Companion animal Companion animal 52%52% (n=355)(n=355) Equine Equine 55%55% (n=63)(n=63) Food animalFood animal 54%54%

(n=23)(n=23) Mixed animalMixed animal 47%47% (n=62)(n=62)

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Personal Issues Personal IssuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Flexible environment how important is the factor “Flexible Hours”?Hours”?

52 55 5447

0

10

20

30

40

50

%

Companion

Animal

Equine Food Animal Mixed Animal

Flexible Hours are Extremely Important or Very Important


BenefitsBenefitsQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work

environment how important is the factor environment how important is the factor “Salary”?“Salary”?

Extremely Important or Very importantExtremely Important or Very important Companion animal Companion animal 75%*75%* (n=521)(n=521) Equine Equine 73%73% (n=88)(n=88) Food animalFood animal 80%*80%* (n=36)(n=36) Mixed animalMixed animal 65%65% (n=87)(n=87)

*Significantly different than mixed animal*Significantly different than mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Benefits BenefitsQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Salary”?environment how important is the factor “Salary”?

75 7380

65

0

20

40

60

80

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal*

Mixed

Animal

*Significantly different than mixed animal

Salary is Extremely Important or Very Important


BenefitsBenefitsQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing Question: In your opinion, when choosing

a work environment how important is the a work environment how important is the factor “Benefits”?factor “Benefits”?

Extremely Important or Very importantExtremely Important or Very important Companion animal Companion animal 65%65% (n=452)(n=452) Equine Equine 63%63% (n=76)(n=76) Food animalFood animal 74%74%

(n=31)(n=31) Mixed animalMixed animal 59%59% (n=78)(n=78)

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Benefits BenefitsQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Benefits”?environment how important is the factor “Benefits”?

65 6374

59

0

20

40

60

80

%

Companion

Animal

Equine Food Animal Mixed Animal

Benefits are Extremely Important or Very Important


Professional issuesProfessional issuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work

environment how important is the factor “Ability environment how important is the factor “Ability to use surgical knowledge and skills”?to use surgical knowledge and skills”?

Extremely Important or Very importantExtremely Important or Very important Companion animal Companion animal 66%*66%* (n=456)(n=456) Equine Equine 60%60% (n=60)(n=60) Food animalFood animal 51%51% (n=21)(n=21) Mixed animalMixed animal 64%*64%* (n=86)(n=86)

*Significantly different than equine*Significantly different than equine

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Professional Issues Professional IssuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Ability to Use environment how important is the factor “Ability to Use Surgical Knowledge and Skills”?Surgical Knowledge and Skills”?

66 6051

64

0

2040

6080

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal*

*Signific antly different than equine

Use of Surgical Skills is Extremely Important or

Very Important


Professional issuesProfessional issuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work

environment how important is the factor environment how important is the factor “Relationship with Colleagues”?“Relationship with Colleagues”?


*Significantly different than equine, food animal and mixed animal*Significantly different than equine, food animal and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005 Professional Issues Professional IssuesQuestion: In your opinion, when choosing a work Question: In your opinion, when choosing a work environment how important is the factor “Relationship environment how important is the factor “Relationship with Colleagues”?with Colleagues”?

7361

5062

020406080

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Signific antly different than equine, food animal and

mixed animal

Relationship with Colleagues is Extremely Important or

Very Important


Question: Please rank the most important factor to you Question: Please rank the most important factor to you when you choose a work environment.when you choose a work environment.

Food Animal VeterinariansFood Animal Veterinarians Salary Salary 39%*39%* Geographic locationGeographic location 24%24% Contact with animalsContact with animals 12%12% Time off for parental/Time off for parental/

family responsibilitiesfamily responsibilities 12%12% Ability to use surgical knowledge Ability to use surgical knowledge

and skillsand skills 7%7% Relationship with colleaguesRelationship with colleagues 5%5%

*Significantly different than companion animal and mixed animal*Significantly different than companion animal and mixed animal

RetentionRetentionSurveysSurveys

To understand: To understand: How frequently veterinary How frequently veterinary

students, recent graduates, and students, recent graduates, and longer-term veterinarians longer-term veterinarians switched occupational focusswitched occupational focus

What factors motivated them to What factors motivated them to switchswitch

Retention Findings from Retention Findings from Student SurveysStudent Surveys(759 Respondents)(759 Respondents)

Most veterinary students enter Most veterinary students enter veterinary school knowing what veterinary school knowing what specialty they wantspecialty they want

Most students do not changeMost students do not change Overall, 21 percent changedOverall, 21 percent changed

Retention Findings from Retention Findings from Student Surveys Student Surveys (2(2ndnd & 4 & 4thth Year) Year)

Types of switches in order of switching:Types of switches in order of switching:

1.1. From academic career From academic career (25%) (25%) (7/28)(7/28)

2.2. From mixed animal From mixed animal (23%) (23%) (35/150)(35/150)

3.3. From equine From equine (22%) (22%) (16/74)(16/74)

4.4. From food animal From food animal (18%) (18%) (12/65)(12/65)

5.5. From companion animal (16%) From companion animal (16%) (51/316)(51/316)

From–To Student Switching From–To Student Switching AnalysisAnalysis

Original AreaOriginal Area(% & number (% & number who switched)who switched)

Most Most common common new areanew area(Of those that (Of those that switched, % who switched, % who selected)selected)

Second most Second most common common areaarea(Of those that (Of those that switched, % who switched, % who selected)selected)

Food AnimalFood Animal

(18%) (n=11)(18%) (n=11)MixedMixed

(45%)(45%)EquineEquine

(18%)(18%)

Mixed animalMixed animal

(23%) (n=35)(23%) (n=35)CompanionCompanion

(69%)(69%)GovernmentGovernment

(11%)(11%)

Companion Companion animal (16%) animal (16%) (n=42)(n=42)

MixedMixed

(52%)(52%)UniversityUniversity

(21%)(21%)

EquineEquine

(22%) (n=16)(22%) (n=16)CompanionCompanion

(50%)(50%)MixedMixed

(25%)(25%)

Retention Retention Findings from Findings from Recent Recent Food SupplyFood Supply Graduates Graduates Surveys Surveys (133 Respondents)(133 Respondents)

93% were proud to be in FSVM area and liked 93% were proud to be in FSVM area and liked being a food supply veterinarianbeing a food supply veterinarian

75% had many desirable career options75% had many desirable career options 80% had attractive job alternatives outside of 80% had attractive job alternatives outside of

FSVMFSVM However, 71% did not consider leaving FSVMHowever, 71% did not consider leaving FSVM 90% had not applied for a position outside 90% had not applied for a position outside

FSVM in the past yearFSVM in the past year 83% indicated that they were satisfied with 83% indicated that they were satisfied with

their current occupationtheir current occupation

Retention Retention Findings from Findings from Recent Graduates SurveysRecent Graduates Surveys

Regression Analysis Predicting Career SwitchingRegression Analysis Predicting Career Switching Those who are most likely to switch from a food Those who are most likely to switch from a food

animal veterinary medicine career:animal veterinary medicine career: Desire a more balanced lifestyle between work Desire a more balanced lifestyle between work

and familyand family Want more cultural and recreational activities Want more cultural and recreational activities

near worknear work Are less satisfied with their current occupation in Are less satisfied with their current occupation in

food animal medicinefood animal medicine Are less likely to be enthusiastic about their Are less likely to be enthusiastic about their

veterinary work and have less pride in their jobveterinary work and have less pride in their job Have many attractive career alternatives within Have many attractive career alternatives within

veterinary medicineveterinary medicine

Retention Retention Findings from Findings from Recent Graduates SurveysRecent Graduates Surveys

When comparing FSVM to When comparing FSVM to other areas of the veterinary other areas of the veterinary

profession, veterinarians profession, veterinarians involved in FSVM reported a involved in FSVM reported a higher degree of satisfaction.higher degree of satisfaction.

Retention Retention Findings from Findings from Longer-Longer-TermTerm Veterinarian Surveys – Veterinarian Surveys – Both Both Food and Non-Food SupplyFood and Non-Food Supply (2,482 (2,482 Respondents)Respondents)

17% (423) had changed their occupational 17% (423) had changed their occupational area during the past 5 yearsarea during the past 5 years 10% (44) of these were food animal 10% (44) of these were food animal

veterinariansveterinarians Of the food animal veterinarians who changed:Of the food animal veterinarians who changed:

27% (12) changed to companion animal27% (12) changed to companion animal 25% (11) changed to government25% (11) changed to government

The main reason that the long-term The main reason that the long-term veterinarians left their former jobs was veterinarians left their former jobs was because they received a more attractive because they received a more attractive offeroffer

Original Area Original Area (Number who (Number who

switched)switched)

Most Common New Most Common New AreasAreas

(% who selected)(% who selected)

Food AnimalFood Animal

(n=44)(n=44)Companion animal Companion animal (27%)(27%)

Government (25%)Government (25%)

Companion Companion AnimalAnimal

(n=72)(n=72)

Industry (29%)Industry (29%)


Mixed AnimalMixed Animal

(n=83)(n=83)Companion Animal Companion Animal (47%)(47%)


Career Switching Analysis Career Switching Analysis Longer-Term VeterinariansLonger-Term Veterinarians

Retention Retention Findings from Long-Findings from Long-Term Veterinarian SurveysTerm Veterinarian Surveys

The high praise for the life of a The high praise for the life of a food animal veterinarian as food animal veterinarian as

reported by those who actually reported by those who actually perform this occupation perform this occupation

explained much about the low explained much about the low amount of employee turnover in amount of employee turnover in

the food animal veterinary the food animal veterinary professionprofession


Companion animal veterinarians report having Companion animal veterinarians report having fewer attractive career opportunities and fewer fewer attractive career opportunities and fewer desirable options to pursue when compared to desirable options to pursue when compared to food animal veterinarians.food animal veterinarians.

Companion animal veterinarians are more likely Companion animal veterinarians are more likely than food animal veterinarians to think their than food animal veterinarians to think their current income level is too low and worry more current income level is too low and worry more about job benefits.about job benefits.

There are no differences between food and There are no differences between food and companion animal veterinarians thinking about companion animal veterinarians thinking about future salary potential or having too small of a future salary potential or having too small of a client base to make a good income.client base to make a good income.


In terms of job stress, companion animal In terms of job stress, companion animal veterinarians were more likely to feel burned-veterinarians were more likely to feel burned-out, exhausted, and too fatigued after work out, exhausted, and too fatigued after work when compared to food animal veterinarians.when compared to food animal veterinarians.

There were few major differences between There were few major differences between groups on exposure to recreational and cultural groups on exposure to recreational and cultural activities, affordable housing, and career activities, affordable housing, and career opportunities for spouses.opportunities for spouses.

Food animal and companion animal Food animal and companion animal veterinarians experienced no differences veterinarians experienced no differences between balancing work and family, or getting between balancing work and family, or getting time off for vacations.time off for vacations.


Regression Analysis Predicting Career SwitchingRegression Analysis Predicting Career Switching Those who are most likely to switch from a food Those who are most likely to switch from a food

animal veterinary medicine career:animal veterinary medicine career: Desire a more balanced lifestyle between work and Desire a more balanced lifestyle between work and

familyfamily Are less satisfied with their current occupation in Are less satisfied with their current occupation in

food animal medicinefood animal medicine Are less likely to be enthusiastic about their Are less likely to be enthusiastic about their

veterinary work and have less pride in their jobveterinary work and have less pride in their job Have many attractive career alternatives within Have many attractive career alternatives within

veterinary medicineveterinary medicine Experience more stress and burnout in their Experience more stress and burnout in their

current jobcurrent job Desire more income and want to charge higher Desire more income and want to charge higher

pricesprices


Question: In the future, would you consider Question: In the future, would you consider changing your focus of employment in changing your focus of employment in veterinary medicine?veterinary medicine?

YesYes Companion animal Companion animal 32% 32% (n=232)(n=232) Equine Equine 31% 31% (n=39)(n=39) Food animalFood animal 56%* 56%* (n=26)(n=26) Mixed animalMixed animal 49%* 49%* (n=71)(n=71)

* Significantly different from companion animal and equine* Significantly different from companion animal and equine


Question: Which type(s) of employment Question: Which type(s) of employment might you consider switching to in the might you consider switching to in the future?future?

26 26 Food AnimalFood Animal Veterinarians: Veterinarians: Industry/CommercialIndustry/Commercial 62%62%

(n=16)(n=16) GovernmentGovernment 58%58%

(n=15)(n=15) AcademiaAcademia 38%38% (n=10)(n=10)


Question: Which type(s) of employment might Question: Which type(s) of employment might you consider switching to in the future?you consider switching to in the future?

70 70 Mixed AnimalMixed Animal Veterinarians: Veterinarians: Industry/CommercialIndustry/Commercial 49%49% (n=34)(n=34) GovernmentGovernment 47%47% (n=33)(n=33) AcademiaAcademia 43%43% (n=30)(n=30) Companion animalCompanion animal 30%30% (n=21)(n=21)


Question: How satisfied are you with your Question: How satisfied are you with your current veterinary personal income?current veterinary personal income?

Extremely Satisfied or Very SatisfiedExtremely Satisfied or Very Satisfied Companion animal Companion animal 40% 40% (n=292)(n=292) Equine Equine 36% 36% (n=45)(n=45) Food animalFood animal 41%41%

(n=19)(n=19) Mixed animalMixed animal 24%* 24%* (n=35)(n=35)

* Significantly different from companion animal, equine, and food animal* Significantly different from companion animal, equine, and food animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: How satisfied are you with your Question: How satisfied are you with your current veterinary personal income?current veterinary personal income?

40 36 41

24

0

20

40

60

%

Companion

Animal

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal*

*Signific antly different than c ompanion animal, equine and

food animal and mixed animal

Extremely Satisfied or Very Satisfied with Income


Question: If you were to break down a typical Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on the activity “Family (time would you spend on the activity “Family (time with spouse/significant other, child care, elderly with spouse/significant other, child care, elderly care)”?care)”?

MeanMean Companion animal Companion animal 3.243.24 Equine Equine 3.023.02 Food animalFood animal 3.303.30 Mixed animalMixed animal 3.183.18

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on the activity “Family (time with spouse/significant other, the activity “Family (time with spouse/significant other, child care, elderly care)”?child care, elderly care)”?

3.24 3.02 3.3 3.18

0

1

2

3

4

Hours

Companion

Animal

Equine Food Animal Mixed

Animal

Mean Hours Spent on Family Activity


Question: If you were to break down a typical Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on the activity “Work (time at would you spend on the activity “Work (time at work, commuting)”work, commuting)”

MeanMean Companion animal Companion animal 9.839.83 Equine Equine 10.73*10.73* Food animalFood animal 10.0410.04 Mixed animalMixed animal 10.1010.10

* Significantly different than companion animal, food animal and mixed animal* Significantly different than companion animal, food animal and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out Question: If you were to break down a typical day, out of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on of 24 hours, how many hours a day would you spend on the activity “Work (time at work, commuting)”?the activity “Work (time at work, commuting)”?

9.83 10.73 10.04 10.1

0

5

10

15

Hours

Companion

Animal

Equine* Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Signific antly different than c ompanion animal, food

animal and mixed animal

Mean Hours Spent at Work


Question: Please indicate your level of Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement agreement or disagreement with the statement “I am satisfied with my work/life balance”.“I am satisfied with my work/life balance”.

Agree Strongly or Agree SomewhatAgree Strongly or Agree Somewhat Companion animal Companion animal 63%* 63%* (n=446)(n=446) Equine Equine 52% 52% (n=65)(n=65) Food animalFood animal 64%**64%** (n=29)(n=29) Mixed animalMixed animal 46% 46% (n=63)(n=63)

*Significantly different from equine and mixed animal*Significantly different from equine and mixed animal**Significantly different from mixed animal**Significantly different from mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement “I am satisfied with disagreement with the statement “I am satisfied with my work/life balance”.my work/life balance”.

6352

6446

020406080

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal**

Mixed

Animal*

*Significantly diff erent than equine and mixed animal.

**Significantly diff erent than mixed animal.

Agree Strongly or Agree Somewhat That I Am Satisfied with

Work/Life Balance


Question: Please indicate your level of Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement agreement or disagreement with the statement “I have enough money to live comfortably at “I have enough money to live comfortably at this time”.this time”.

Agree Strongly or Agree SomewhatAgree Strongly or Agree Somewhat Companion animal Companion animal 75%* 75%* (n=536)(n=536) Equine Equine 74% 74% (n=92)(n=92) Food animalFood animal 60%60% (n=27)(n=27) Mixed animalMixed animal 66% 66% (n=91)(n=91)

*Significantly different from food animal and mixed animal*Significantly different from food animal and mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement “I have enough money disagreement with the statement “I have enough money to live comfortably at this time”.to live comfortably at this time”.

75 7460 66

020

40

60

80

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Significantly diff erent than food animal and mixed animal

Agree Strongly or Agree Somewhat That I Have

Enough Money to Live Comfortably


Question: Please indicate your level of Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement agreement or disagreement with the statement “I feel my compensation for my position is “I feel my compensation for my position is adequate”.adequate”.

Agree Strongly or Agree SomewhatAgree Strongly or Agree Somewhat Companion animal Companion animal 58%* 58%* (n=411)(n=411) Equine Equine 56% 56% (n=70)(n=70) Food animalFood animal 58%58% (n=26)(n=26) Mixed animalMixed animal 46% 46% (n=64)(n=64)

*Significantly different from mixed animal*Significantly different from mixed animal

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement “I feel my disagreement with the statement “I feel my compensation for my position is adequate”.compensation for my position is adequate”.

58 56 5846

0

20

40

60

%

Companion

Animal*

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

*Signific antly different than mixed animal

Agree Strongly or Agree Somewhat That

Compensation is Adequate


Question: Please indicate your level of Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the agreement or disagreement with the statement “I am concerned about having statement “I am concerned about having enough money for retirement”.enough money for retirement”.

Agree Strongly or Agree SomewhatAgree Strongly or Agree Somewhat Companion animal Companion animal 88% 88% (n=620)(n=620) Equine Equine 86% 86% (n=106)(n=106) Food animalFood animal 77%77%

(n=33)(n=33) Mixed animalMixed animal 83% 83% (n=114)(n=114)

AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005AVMA Veterinary Attitudes Study 2005Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or Question: Please indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the statement “I am concerned disagreement with the statement “I am concerned about having enough money for retirement”.about having enough money for retirement”.

88 86 77 83

0

50

100

%

Companion

Animal

Equine Food

Animal

Mixed

Animal

Agree Strongly or Agree Somewhat That I Am

Concerned About Money for Retirement

Labor Market Demand Labor Market Demand Research GoalsResearch Goals

♦ Identification of the key economic, demographic, technological, and societal factors influencing the future demand for FSVM professionals.

♦ Forecast percentage change of FSVM professionals needed for short, medium, and long range time horizons.

♦ Identify variables affecting the supply for different FSVM careers.

Demand StudyDemand Study

13 Delphi forecasting panels - 13 Delphi forecasting panels - eacheach focused on focused on different FSVM sector:different FSVM sector: AcademicAcademic Industrial (pharmaceutical)Industrial (pharmaceutical) Government: Government:

State and ProvincialState and Provincial FederalFederal

Public HealthPublic Health Animal HealthAnimal Health Food Safety & SecurityFood Safety & Security

Canadian FederalCanadian Federal Private Practice areas:Private Practice areas:

Dairy, Swine, Poultry, Beef, Mixed-Food Animal in rural Dairy, Swine, Poultry, Beef, Mixed-Food Animal in rural areas, & Small Ruminantsareas, & Small Ruminants

A Changing Larger A Changing Larger ContextContext♦Food supply veterinarians live in a Food supply veterinarians live in a

changing professional context:changing professional context:The The emergingemerging context requires a context requires a

“judgmental” or expert-driven “judgmental” or expert-driven forecasting methodforecasting method

♦The Delphi Forecasting process:The Delphi Forecasting process:Panels of experts focus on Panels of experts focus on differentdifferent FSVM FSVM

sectors (e.g., beef, academe, sectors (e.g., beef, academe, government, etc.)government, etc.)

Panels have 15-25 nominated expertsPanels have 15-25 nominated experts

Delphi Method Delphi Method AssumptionsAssumptions♦The future emerges from The future emerges from bothboth::

Fixed, continuing trends we must adapt to - BUT Fixed, continuing trends we must adapt to - BUT alsoalso

Changeable trends that can be managed & Changeable trends that can be managed & changedchanged

♦Effective solutions requires knowing the Effective solutions requires knowing the “why” as well as the numbers:“why” as well as the numbers:WhyWhy provides “leverage points” to be managed provides “leverage points” to be managed

♦Expert-driven - but there are no perfect Expert-driven - but there are no perfect “experts”“experts”The Delphi “process” is a learning processThe Delphi “process” is a learning process

Delphi Process Delphi Process (continued)(continued)♦Panel members learn & get smarter by:Panel members learn & get smarter by:

Hearing the “what & why” of others’ views Hearing the “what & why” of others’ views Re-thinking & changing views without Re-thinking & changing views without

“groupthink”“groupthink”

♦Three-round forecasting process:Three-round forecasting process:11stst survey survey: Demand & supply trends, demand & : Demand & supply trends, demand &

shortage/surplus forecastsshortage/surplus forecasts22ndnd survey & feedback report survey & feedback report: Averages & mid-: Averages & mid-

50%; why some forecasted higher vs. lower 50%; why some forecasted higher vs. lower numbersnumbers♦Re-consider & revise ratings as meritedRe-consider & revise ratings as merited

Final survey & feedback report on 2Final survey & feedback report on 2ndnd survey survey

Key QuestionsKey Questions What issues & trends are driving What issues & trends are driving

the future the future demanddemand in the FSVM in the FSVM profession?profession?

What is the future What is the future demanddemand for for food supply DVMs?food supply DVMs?

What trends & issues are driving What trends & issues are driving the future the future supplysupply of DVMs in food of DVMs in food supply careers?supply careers?

Will there be a future Will there be a future shortage or shortage or surplussurplus??

The Top Five IssuesThe Top Five Issues IncreasingIncreasing Future Future DemandDemand1.1. Public concerns over food safetyPublic concerns over food safety

2.2. Zoonotic disease-related human Zoonotic disease-related human health concernshealth concerns

3.3. Growing need to track animals Growing need to track animals entering the food chainentering the food chain

4.4. Public concerns over bio-terrorism Public concerns over bio-terrorism threatsthreats

5.5. Increasing concerns for animal Increasing concerns for animal welfarewelfare

Top Five Issues/TrendsTop Five Issues/Trends DecreasingDecreasing Future Future DemandDemand1.1. Curtailment of government support of Curtailment of government support of

veterinary servicesveterinary services2.2. Lack of veterinarian’s practice management & Lack of veterinarian’s practice management &

business skill business skill 3.3. Federal and state or provincial budgetary Federal and state or provincial budgetary

constraintsconstraints4.4. Client concerns about veterinary service costsClient concerns about veterinary service costs5.5. Slow adoption of new technologies by Slow adoption of new technologies by

veterinariansveterinarians

The “Move to larger sized producer operations” The “Move to larger sized producer operations” trend produced high disagreement within trend produced high disagreement within panels.panels.

Is demand increasing or decreasing in each Is demand increasing or decreasing in each sector?sector?

Non-Gov’t Areas Future Non-Gov’t Areas Future DemandDemand::Fall 2004 to Fall 2016Fall 2004 to Fall 2016

Means and SD (%)Means and SD (%):: Poultry: Poultry: +4.1% +4.1% (SD=4.3)(SD=4.3) Small Ruminants: Small Ruminants: +7.5% +7.5% (SD=5.0)(SD=5.0) Beef: Beef: +7.7% +7.7% (SD=12.0)(SD=12.0) Dairy: Dairy: +8.3% +8.3% (SD=13.8)(SD=13.8) Swine: Swine: +10.0% +10.0% (SD=12.9)(SD=12.9) Mixed: Mixed: +10.7% +10.7% (SD=17.2)(SD=17.2) Academia: Academia: +12.6% +12.6% (SD=10.4)(SD=10.4) Industrial: Industrial: +12.8% +12.8% (SD=8.5)(SD=8.5)

Government Area Future Government Area Future DemandDemand::Fall 2004 to Fall 2016Fall 2004 to Fall 2016 Federal, Canadian: Federal, Canadian: +15.4% +15.4% (SD=6.0)(SD=6.0) Federal-Animal Health: Federal-Animal Health: +16.3% +16.3% (SD=8.6)(SD=8.6) Federal-Public Health: Federal-Public Health: +16.8% +16.8% (SD=14.5)(SD=14.5) Federal-Food Safety Federal-Food Safety

& Security: & Security: +17.5% +17.5% (SD=12.8)(SD=12.8) State or Provincial State or Provincial

Government: Government: +20.8% +20.8% (SD=15.6)(SD=15.6)

All panels combined: All panels combined: +12.5% +12.5% (SD=13.0)(SD=13.0)

Top Five Issues Top Five Issues LimitingLimiting DVM DVM SupplySupply

Less emphasis on food animal practice in Less emphasis on food animal practice in veterinary collegesveterinary colleges

Little exposure to food supply career options in Little exposure to food supply career options in collegecollege

Poor income opportunities in food supply Poor income opportunities in food supply careerscareers

Lack of spousal career options in rural areasLack of spousal career options in rural areas Lack of positive role models Lack of positive role models

Given supply & demand: Will there be Given supply & demand: Will there be shortages?shortages?

Non-Gov’t Areas Future Non-Gov’t Areas Future ShortagesShortages::Fall 2004 to Fall 2016Fall 2004 to Fall 2016

Means and SD (%)Means and SD (%):: Poultry: Poultry: -0.06% -0.06% (SD=1.0)(SD=1.0) Small Ruminants: Small Ruminants: -2.2% -2.2% (SD=1.4)(SD=1.4) Industrial: Industrial: -3.3% -3.3% (SD=3.8)(SD=3.8) Dairy: Dairy: -3.8% -3.8% (SD=3.2)(SD=3.2) Swine: Swine: -4.4% -4.4% (SD=2.7)(SD=2.7) Beef: Beef: -5.4%-5.4% (SD=5.5)(SD=5.5) Academia: Academia: -5.5% -5.5% (SD=4.0)(SD=4.0) Mixed-Food Animal: Mixed-Food Animal: -6.6% -6.6% (SD=5.0)(SD=5.0)

Government Area Future Government Area Future ShortagesShortages::Fall 2004 to Fall 2016Fall 2004 to Fall 2016

State or Provincial State or Provincial Government: Government: -4.9% -4.9% (SD=4.8)(SD=4.8)

Federal-Public Health: -5.2% Federal-Public Health: -5.2% (SD=3.8)(SD=3.8) Federal, Canadian:Federal, Canadian: -5.5% -5.5% (SD=3.6)(SD=3.6) Federal-Food Safety Federal-Food Safety

& Security: & Security: -6.6% -6.6% (SD=6.0)(SD=6.0) Federal-Animal Federal-Animal

Health: Health: -6.9% -6.9% (SD=5.2)(SD=5.2)

All panels combined: All panels combined: -4.6%-4.6%(SD=4.4)(SD=4.4)

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - Demand(Available for each sector (Available for each sector http://www.avma.org/public_health/fsvmc/fsvmc_toc.asp)http://www.avma.org/public_health/fsvmc/fsvmc_toc.asp)

Opportunities(Actionable)

DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors

Fixed Constraints(Not Actionable)

Appreciate

Sustain, Complement &

Enhance

Eliminate& Counter

Manage Around

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandBeef SectorBeef Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Larger Societal Concerns

Large ProducerPractice Opportunities

Regulatory & Cattle Industry Trends

Business Skills & Use of Technology

Business & EconomicTrends

Government BudgetaryConstraints

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandDairy SectorDairy Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Societal Concerns

Serving Large Producer Needs

Filling Regulatory Mandates


Dairy Industry & Economic

Trends

Government Budgets &Business & Economic Trends

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandMixed Food Animal SectorMixed Food Animal Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Drug Regulations

Food Export Opportunities


Certifications & Monitoring Roles

Specialized Technical Expertise

Broad Expertise

Serving Part-Time Farmers

Business Skill & Use of Technology

Business & EconomicTrends

Government Budgetary Constraints

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandSwine SectorSwine Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Food Export Requirements


Certifications & Auditing Needs


Regulatory Requirements

New DVMs Training for LargeProducer Operations

Business Skill & Use of Technology

Swine Industry Consolidation& Cost Pressure


Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandPoultry SectorPoultry Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors



Export Market Access & Regulations


Auditing & CertificationOpportunities


Larger Business & EconomicTrends

Fewer Drug Oversight RestrictionsGovernment Budgetary Constraints

Planning Matrix - DemandPlanning Matrix - DemandSmall Ruminants SectorSmall Ruminants Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors




Niche Marketing Opportunities


Auditing & Certification Needs


Cost Pressure & Market Volatility


Urbanization & Loss of Farm Land

Planning Matrix - Planning Matrix - DemandDemandState/Provincial State/Provincial Government SectorGovernment Sector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Agro-Security & Bio-Terrorism Threats


Certifications & Monitoring Roles

Food Regulations &Integration Team

Solutions

Weak Business Skill

Cost Pressure & Labor Substitution Trends

GovernmentJurisdictional Changes


Planning Matrix - Planning Matrix - DemandDemandFederal Government Federal Government SectorSector


DemandEnhancing

Factors

DemandConstraining

Factors


Animal-Human Health ConcernsFood Safety Concerns

Bio-Security/Agro-Terrorism ConcernsAnimal Welfare Concerns

Specialized TechnicalServices & Certifications

Regulatory & Global Food System

Weak Business Skill &Use of Technology

Cost Pressure & Labor Substitution Trends


Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - Supply(Available for each sector (Available for each sector http://www.avma.org/public_health/fsvmc/fsvmc_toc.asp)http://www.avma.org/public_health/fsvmc/fsvmc_toc.asp)


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Appreciate

Sustain, Complement &

Enhance

Eliminate& Counter

Manage Around

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyBeef SectorBeef Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Centers of Excellence

Mentoring & Recruitment Initiatives

Non-FSVM Focus in CVMNegative Views of FSVM Careers

Negative Role ModelsStudent Debt

Work Requirements

Gender Dynamics

Rural Economic/Social Constraints


Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyDairy SectorDairy Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Targeted Recruitment Initiatives

Non-FSVM Focus in CVMPoor Role Models

Emergency Call WorkStudent Debt

Gender Dynamics


Improving Salaries

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyMixed Food Animal SectorMixed Food Animal Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Government Public Service Initiatives

Marketing InitiativesStudent Selection Initiatives

Serving Small Animal ClientsIncome Opportunities

Non-FSVM Focus & Student Selection in CVMIneffective Role Models

Work RequirementsStudent Debt

Gender Dynamics

Expected Retirements


Debt Assistance

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplySwine SectorSwine Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Government Public Service Initiatives

Marketing InitiativesStudent Selection Initiatives

Serving Small Animal ClientsIncome Opportunities

Veterinary College Student Selection & Non-FSVM Focus

Ineffective Role Models

Practice ModesStudent Debt

Post-DVM EducationRequirements

Gender DynamicsPhysical Demands

Rural Economic/Social ConstraintsGovernmental Budgetary Constraints

Debt Assistance

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyPoultry SectorPoultry Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


FSVM Externship & MentoringInitiatives

Good Income Opportunities

CVM Student Selection & Non-FSVM Focus

Negative Role Models


Gender Dynamics


Governmental Budgetary Constraints

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplySmall Ruminants SectorSmall Ruminants Sector


SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


FSVM Externship & MentoringInitiatives

Good Income Opportunities

Veterinary College Student Selection & Non-FSVM Focus



Post-DVM Education RequirementsPhysical Demands

Near-Term RetirementsRural Economic/Social Constraints

Gender Dynamics

Lighter Physical Demands

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyState/Provincial State/Provincial Government SectorGovernment SectorOpportunities

(Actionable)

SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Targeted RecruitmentInitiatives

Work/Life Balance

CVM Student Selection& Non-FSVM Focus


Student Debt & Perceive Low Incomes

Limited CVM Capacity



Gender Dynamics

Planning Matrix - SupplyPlanning Matrix - SupplyFederal Government Federal Government SectorSector Opportunities

(Actionable)

SupplyEnhancing

Factors

SupplyConstraining

Factors


Structure of Career Opportunity

Debt Forgiveness Initiatives

CVM Non-FSVM Focus


Student Debt

Limited CVM Capacity



Expected Near-Term Retirement

Income Opportunities

Delphi Panels Rating of Delphi Panels Rating of Possible Solutions Possible Solutions (7-point (7-point scale)scale)

1.1. Student debt repayment and Student debt repayment and scholarship programsscholarship programs (Mean 5.3, SD=1.6)(Mean 5.3, SD=1.6)

2.2. Involving food supply practitioners in Involving food supply practitioners in training veterinary studentstraining veterinary students (4.8, (4.8, SD=1.4)SD=1.4)

3.3. Mentoring for students and new FSVM Mentoring for students and new FSVM veterinariansveterinarians (4.6, SD=1.5)(4.6, SD=1.5)

4.4. Appoint more FSVM facultyAppoint more FSVM faculty (4.6, (4.6, SD=1.6)SD=1.6)


5.5. Expanded postgraduate fellowships Expanded postgraduate fellowships in FSVMin FSVM (Mean 4.6, SD=1.7)(Mean 4.6, SD=1.7)

6.6. Paid externship requirement in FSVM Paid externship requirement in FSVM during the summerduring the summer (4.4, SD=1.6)(4.4, SD=1.6)

7.7. Expand the concept of Centers of Expand the concept of Centers of ExcellenceExcellence (4.4, SD=1.6)(4.4, SD=1.6)

8.8. Marketing campaigns to increase Marketing campaigns to increase awareness of FSVM career and awareness of FSVM career and lifestylelifestyle (4.4, SD=1.6)(4.4, SD=1.6)


9.9. Expanded paid work-study programs Expanded paid work-study programs during the final year of veterinary schoolduring the final year of veterinary school (Mean 4.4, SD=1.6)(Mean 4.4, SD=1.6)

10.10. Expanded job placement services in FSVM Expanded job placement services in FSVM areasareas (4.4, SD=1.6)(4.4, SD=1.6)

11.11. Focused recruitment of high school and Focused recruitment of high school and college students with FSVM interestscollege students with FSVM interests(4.3, SD=1.6)(4.3, SD=1.6)

12.12. Reserve veterinary school slots for Reserve veterinary school slots for academically qualified students with FSVM academically qualified students with FSVM interests interests (4.3, SD=1.7)(4.3, SD=1.7)


13.13.Increased focus of FSVM coverage Increased focus of FSVM coverage early during the veterinary curriculum early during the veterinary curriculum (Mean 4.2, SD=1.6)(Mean 4.2, SD=1.6)

14.14.Development of a government-Development of a government-supported reserve corps of food supported reserve corps of food supply veterinarianssupply veterinarians (3.8, SD=1.8)(3.8, SD=1.8)

15.15.Expanded business and practice Expanded business and practice management in veterinary curriculummanagement in veterinary curriculum

(3.7, SD=1.8)(3.7, SD=1.8)


16.16.Focused recruitment of women Focused recruitment of women students into FSVMstudents into FSVM (Mean 3.4, (Mean 3.4, SD=1.5)SD=1.5)

17.17.Providing guidance on best business Providing guidance on best business practices guidance for FSVM practices guidance for FSVM enterprisesenterprises (3.4, SD=1.6)(3.4, SD=1.6)

18.18.Subsidized consulting in business and Subsidized consulting in business and practice management for FSVMpractice management for FSVM(3.2, SD=1.6)(3.2, SD=1.6)

Authors Summary Authors Summary StatementsStatements

The food supply veterinarian is not an The food supply veterinarian is not an endangered species! There will be an increasing endangered species! There will be an increasing demand for food supply veterinarians.demand for food supply veterinarians.

For several Delphi panels, such as those focused For several Delphi panels, such as those focused on the mixed food animal, beef cattle, and dairy on the mixed food animal, beef cattle, and dairy sectors, there is sharp disagreement among sectors, there is sharp disagreement among experts on what future demand will look like.experts on what future demand will look like.

Analysis of the competing rationales underscored Analysis of the competing rationales underscored that the actual demand changes are very much a that the actual demand changes are very much a function of the strategic actions pursued by the function of the strategic actions pursued by the FSVM profession in the near term.FSVM profession in the near term.


The forecasts are conservative in nature because The forecasts are conservative in nature because the panels assumed a continuation of emerging the panels assumed a continuation of emerging trends with no intervening catastrophic events.trends with no intervening catastrophic events.

Colleges of veterinary medicine need to be a Colleges of veterinary medicine need to be a central focus, but not the only focus, in any central focus, but not the only focus, in any resulting strategic action.resulting strategic action. Selection of students likely to be attracted to FSVMSelection of students likely to be attracted to FSVM Education and positive signals given to studentsEducation and positive signals given to students Adequate numbers of academic food supply veterinariansAdequate numbers of academic food supply veterinarians Coordination and consolidation of effort across Coordination and consolidation of effort across

schools/better economies of scaleschools/better economies of scale


Need external resources including both Need external resources including both industry and government sponsorshipindustry and government sponsorship

Need mentoring initiatives for students Need mentoring initiatives for students and new graduates starting their careersand new graduates starting their careers

Many of the trends and issues shaping Many of the trends and issues shaping the future of the food supply veterinary the future of the food supply veterinary profession are created by choices within profession are created by choices within the profession. These can be the profession. These can be thoughtfully reviewed and revised.thoughtfully reviewed and revised.

Authors Recommendations Authors Recommendations to Increase the Supply of to Increase the Supply of Food Animal StudentsFood Animal Students

R1. Colleges of veterinary medicine R1. Colleges of veterinary medicine should target students from rural should target students from rural areas that have had a significant food areas that have had a significant food production experience.production experience.

R2. Colleges of veterinary medicine R2. Colleges of veterinary medicine should target students that major in should target students that major in the biological sciences and the biological sciences and agricultural areas during their agricultural areas during their undergraduate career.undergraduate career.


R3. Students that concentrate in food R3. Students that concentrate in food animal medicine should participate in a animal medicine should participate in a paid summer externship in practice, paid summer externship in practice, industry, or the government sector.industry, or the government sector.

R4. Professional veterinary medical R4. Professional veterinary medical associations should enact formal associations should enact formal mentoring programs among their mentoring programs among their membership aimed at high school membership aimed at high school students.students.


R5. Students that display an interest in food R5. Students that display an interest in food animal medicine need to be told about the animal medicine need to be told about the positive aspects of the career and lifestyle of positive aspects of the career and lifestyle of food animal medicine in a variety of food animal medicine in a variety of promotional materials.promotional materials.

R6. The career satisfaction results of the study R6. The career satisfaction results of the study should be broadly publicized to ensure that should be broadly publicized to ensure that faculty, students, and other constituents faculty, students, and other constituents that may influence a student’s career choice that may influence a student’s career choice are informed of actual job perceptions.are informed of actual job perceptions.


R7. Students that specialize in food R7. Students that specialize in food animal medicine should receive animal medicine should receive financial assistance in the form of financial assistance in the form of tuition relief for each year that they tuition relief for each year that they work in this occupational area in an work in this occupational area in an underserved area of their state as underserved area of their state as well as low interest loans or grants to well as low interest loans or grants to cover the costs of start-up cover the costs of start-up equipment.equipment.


R8. Veterinary students should receive greater R8. Veterinary students should receive greater exposure to the benefits of careers in food exposure to the benefits of careers in food animal veterinary medicine. This exposure animal veterinary medicine. This exposure should include paid summer externship should include paid summer externship opportunities, increased numbers of food opportunities, increased numbers of food animal faculty, treatment of food animals in the animal faculty, treatment of food animals in the first semester of veterinary college, increased first semester of veterinary college, increased numbers of food animal courses, orientation numbers of food animal courses, orientation sessions focused on food animal careers, and sessions focused on food animal careers, and further study into creating regional centers of further study into creating regional centers of excellence.excellence.


R9. Veterinary students in food animal medicine should R9. Veterinary students in food animal medicine should receive career selection assistance through assigned, receive career selection assistance through assigned, enthusiastic faculty role models and dedicated job enthusiastic faculty role models and dedicated job placement services.placement services.

R10. Professional veterinary associations should actively R10. Professional veterinary associations should actively promote the benefits of a food animal veterinary promote the benefits of a food animal veterinary career to all constituencies with an emphasis on how career to all constituencies with an emphasis on how careers in this area provide meaningful work of careers in this area provide meaningful work of importance to the nation and society, allow one to importance to the nation and society, allow one to fully utilize their medical training, and provide fully utilize their medical training, and provide opportunities to lead a life that adequately balances opportunities to lead a life that adequately balances the demands of work and family.the demands of work and family.


R11. Colleges of veterinary medicine should consider R11. Colleges of veterinary medicine should consider early admissions programs for students interested in early admissions programs for students interested in food animal medicine, reserved admission slots for food animal medicine, reserved admission slots for those planning to enter food animal medicine careers, those planning to enter food animal medicine careers, and explore the benefits of increased specialization and explore the benefits of increased specialization provided by placing students into substantive provided by placing students into substantive curriculum tracks.curriculum tracks.

R12. Professional veterinary medical associations should R12. Professional veterinary medical associations should establish formal programs that get their members establish formal programs that get their members involved with high school students, either in group involved with high school students, either in group presentations or one-on-one mentoring, in order to presentations or one-on-one mentoring, in order to provide early food animal career exposure to potential provide early food animal career exposure to potential students prior to college.students prior to college.


R13. We recommend that positive food R13. We recommend that positive food animal practitioners serve as guest animal practitioners serve as guest lecturers and visiting adjunct faculty to lecturers and visiting adjunct faculty to inform students and faculty about careers inform students and faculty about careers in food animal medicine.in food animal medicine.

R14. Continuing education certificates in R14. Continuing education certificates in business management and pharmacology business management and pharmacology should be awarded to those who complete should be awarded to those who complete a series of short courses on these topics at a series of short courses on these topics at colleges of veterinary medicine.colleges of veterinary medicine.


R15. Enthusiastic food animal faculty R15. Enthusiastic food animal faculty should be recruited and rewarded to should be recruited and rewarded to serve as role models and mentors for serve as role models and mentors for students interested in food animal students interested in food animal careers.careers.

R16. Debt relief legislation, similar to the R16. Debt relief legislation, similar to the national legislation, for food animal national legislation, for food animal veterinarians should be pursued at the veterinarians should be pursued at the state level, where it is not at present.state level, where it is not at present.


R17. The number and dollar amounts of R17. The number and dollar amounts of scholarships targeted toward food scholarships targeted toward food animal students should be increased.animal students should be increased.

R18. Colleges of veterinary medicine R18. Colleges of veterinary medicine should consider adding admissions should consider adding admissions criteria that are favorable toward criteria that are favorable toward students interested in food animal students interested in food animal veterinary medicine careers.veterinary medicine careers.

Authors Summary Authors Summary thoughtsthoughts ““Continuing shortages have the Continuing shortages have the

potential to lead to catastrophic potential to lead to catastrophic economic and human health economic and human health problems for the US and problems for the US and Canada. There are too many Canada. There are too many historical examples to reach any historical examples to reach any other conclusionsother conclusions”.”.

Drs. Andrus, Prince & Drs. Andrus, Prince & GwinnerGwinner

AVMA Journal, July 1, 2006AVMA Journal, July 1, 2006

ConclusionsConclusions

Once a FSVM career is chosen it is and Once a FSVM career is chosen it is and continues to be a very rewarding and continues to be a very rewarding and fulfilling life long career.fulfilling life long career.

The sectors of FSVM that are different The sectors of FSVM that are different than private practice are demanding than private practice are demanding greater numbers of veterinary greater numbers of veterinary professionals and colleges and schools professionals and colleges and schools of veterinary medicine must redesign of veterinary medicine must redesign their curricula to adapt to this changetheir curricula to adapt to this change

ConclusionsConclusions

This study is the strongest indication to This study is the strongest indication to date that proactive change by all sectors of date that proactive change by all sectors of the veterinary profession can manage the the veterinary profession can manage the evolving demands of emerging FSVM evolving demands of emerging FSVM careers.careers.

More role models, especially in our More role models, especially in our colleges and schools of veterinary colleges and schools of veterinary medicine, are necessary to drive proper medicine, are necessary to drive proper enthusiasm for these exciting and enthusiasm for these exciting and rewarding FSVM careers.rewarding FSVM careers.

NextNext StepsStepsDiscussionDiscussionDebateDebateConsensusConsensusActionAction

Numbers of Veterinarians Numbers of Veterinarians AVMA Membership AVMA Membership DirectoryDirectory

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

Mixed-Mixed Large Large Animal Bovine Exc lusive

Numbers of Veterinary Graduates Numbers of Veterinary Graduates Entering Private PracticeEntering Private Practice

0

50

100

150

Mixed

Large Animal E xc lusive

Large Animal Predominant

Large Animal E xc lusive plus Predominant

Numbers of Food AnimalsNumbers of Food Animals

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1965 1996 1997 2005 2006

Mil

lio

ns

Cattle on Feed Milk Cows Hogs and Pigs

Professional IncomeProfessional IncomePrivate Practice Mean TrendsPrivate Practice Mean Trends

$0

$20,000

$40,000

$60,000

$80,000

$100,000

$120,000

$140,000

$160,000

1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005

LAE

LAP

MIX

SAP

SAE

Equine

2007 Economic Report-Preliminary

All+78.6%95-05

Starting SalaryStarting SalaryPrivate Practice MeanPrivate Practice Mean

$0

$10,000

$20,000

$30,000

$40,000

$50,000

$60,000

$70,000

TOTAL LAE LAP MIX SAP SAE EQU

1996

2004

2005

2006

1996-2006 Graduates Survey

The Future of Food Supply Veterinary Medicine: Demand, Supply, Opportunities and Challenges Presentation by Dr. Lyle Vogel Chair of the Project Management.

Documents

fsvm slide

veterinary school slide

fsvm graduates

fsvm careers factors

student attraction factors

estimating fsvm demand

inspection service slide

shortage of fsvm professionals