The future

The Future ”X” city

PrasinosBetter liveable city for you and me

Ng Kwang zhou

0322802

Fnbe jan 2015

taylor’s university

1)Introduction

From this project,I need to learn and investigate the ancient cities from their

history.After that,I need to study what is the basic requirement to build up the better

and modern town.Next, I need to think that what are the problems faces today and

think the best solution to solve the problems of cities nowadays.The city must be

create in Malaysia and the citizens must be Malaysian and I have to settle 100,000-

250,000 of people in a limited amount of land.I have to done an A4 pamphlet and a

progress journal compilation.

Before we start to build the future “ x “ city ,we need to understand what is city and

what is the clear information of the definition of the city.

2)What is city?

A city is a large and permanent human settlement. Although there is no agreement on

how a city is distinguished from a town in general English language meanings, many

cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.

Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing,

and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction

between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process, but it also

presents challenges to managing urban growth.A big city or metropolis usually has

associated suburbs and exurbs. Such cities are usually associated with metropolitan

areas and urban areas, creating numerous business commuters traveling to urban

centers for employment. Once a city expands far enough to reach another city, this

region can be deemed a conurbation or megalopolis. In terms of population, the

largest city proper is Shanghai, while the fastest growing is Dubai.

Common issues

Every coins have two foils and every city have its issues.All of the cities are facing

their issues daily .Hence for design a better future city,we should look at the problems

and solution before create a nice future “X’ city.Here are some example I analyse out:

-Suburban development

-Organized crime

-Traffic and automobile issues

-Segregation

-Poor planning

-Gentrification

-Lack of space

-Lack of sales tax revenue

-Lack of water resource

-Corruption in local government

-Unbalanced pay for city employees like policemen,fire-fighters

-Decaying downtowns

-Lack of afforadable housing-Dying enclosed malls and outdoor malls

-Lack of diverse economic workforce

-Envoronmental issues

-etc…

3)Defination of cityAcient & old cities

Acient times

Early cities developed in a number of regions of the ancient world. Uruk is the world's first city. After Mesopotamia, this culture arose in Syria and Anatolia, as shown by the city of Çatalhöyük (7500–5700BC). It is the largest Neolithic site found to date. Although it has sometimes been claimed[citation needed] that ancient Egypt lacked urbanism, several types of urban settlements were found in ancient times.

Middle ages

While David Kessler and Peter Temin consider ancient Rome the largest city before the 19th century, London was the first to exceed a population of 1 million. George Modelski considers medieval Baghdad, with an estimated population of 1.2 million at its peak, the largest city before 19th century London and the first with a population of over one million.Others estimate that Baghdad's population may have been as large as 2 million in the 9th century.

Early moden

While the city-states, or poleis, of the Mediterranean and Baltic Sea languished from the 16th century, Europe's larger capitals benefited from the growth of commerce following the emergence of an Atlantic trade. By the early 19th century, London had become the largest city in the world with a population of over a million, while Paris rivaled the well-developed regionally traditional capital cities of Baghdad, Beijing, Istanbul and Kyoto. During the Spanish colonization of the Americas the old Roman city concept was extensively used. Cities were founded in the middle of the newly conquered territories, and were bound to several laws about administration, finances and urbanism.

Industrial age

The growth of modern industry from the late 18th century onward led to massive urbanization and the rise of new great cities, first in Europe and then in other regions, as new opportunities brought huge numbers of migrants from rural communities into urban areas. In the United States from 1860 to 1910, the introduction of railroads reduced transportation costs, and large manufacturing centers began to emerge, thus allowing migration from rural to city areas. Cities during this period were deadly places to live in, due to health problems resulting from contaminated water and air, and communicable diseases. In the Great Depression of the 1930s cities were hard hit by unemployment, especially those with a base in heavy industry. In the U.S. urbanization rate increased forty to eighty percent during 1900–1990. Today the world's population is slightly over half urban,with millions still streaming annually into the growing cities of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

Present cities

A present city, is a prominent centre of trade, banking, finance, innovation, and markets. Present city is one of enormous power or influence. Present cities, according to Sassen, have more in common with each other than with other cities in their host nations.

Future cities

A future city uses digital technologies to enhance performance and wellbeing, to reduce costs and resource consumption, and to engage more effectively and actively with its citizens.A future city should be able to respond faster to city and global challenges than one with a simple 'transactional' relationship with its citizens.

What makes a city?Cities typically provide a variety of services to their inhabitants,including:

SanitationRoads Water Supply

Transportation Electric Supply Food Distribution

A city doesn’t produce its own material.In order to ensure the survivability of a city,it should achieve at least the requirement mention above.A good city is a city that provide all kinds of variety and services to the citizen to ensure their daily life is easy and they will statisfied with what the city provided to them.

Apart from that,cities serve as a center of communication.New technology and ideas usually originate from these places and spread to other places in the nation.Besides that,Malaysia is known as a multi races country.A city also build up from different races of citizen such as Malay,Chinese,Indian,Iban,Khadazan and many.Hence,religious element such as cathedrals,mosque and temples that represent the local belief systems.

Cities tend to have a denser population than the surrounding environment.As we know that citizen always having their daily activities in the city.As a good city,there should be some representative tower or building to show the unique of the city.

What makes a good city?A healthy city criteria set by World health Organisation(WHO)

-clean and safe environment

-meet the basic inhabitat

-involve community in local government

-easy access to health service

A good quality of environment makes a good cities.Cities are the centre of economic growth,technological advances,source of income of nation and good quality of production.However if a cities are dirty,overcrowding,pollution,traffic congestion will leads the city become a bad city.

A good cities consider these vital support system:

Natural Environment-

Provide fresh,green and clean air to citizen

Residentional Area-

Provide a living space for citizen

Security System-

Special units for emergency purpose

Transportation-

Easy to allow citizen travel around the city

Waste Management-

Minimize the pollution in the city

Agriculture-

High unit production per unit area to overcome high demand

Grid planA formation where the streets intersect each other in specific angles. Grid plans facilitate development because developers can subdivide and auction off large parcels of land .The geometry yields regular lots that maximize use and minimize boundary disputes.There are a few types of grid use in planning a city:

Square/rectangular grid

Commonly used in developed countries such as the United States.It can easy for commuters to negative around the city.Efficient and minimize boundary disputers between land owners but long straight roads make vehicle move fast.

Radial grid

Used in Moscow.Extends from the city centre to the suburbs at all angles.The center of the town becomes the focal destination for the most of the residents . All sorts of odd shaped property which are unsuitable for the construction will be formed

Irregular grid

Most common in third world countries or town

built on terrain with many counters.Might be

the result of lack of planning and inefficient.

As result I choose square grid to built my city

Investigation and data collectionAcient / Old cities(Cahokia Mounds State)

History of Development

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site /kəˈhoʊkiə/ (11 MS 2) is located on the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (c. 600–1400 CE) situated directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, Missouri. This historic park lies in southern Illinois between East St. Louis and Collinsville.The park covers 2,200 acres (890 ha), or about 3.5 square miles (9 km2), and contains about 80 mounds, but the ancient city was much larger. In its heyday, Cahokia covered about 6 square miles (16 km2) and included about 120 human-made earthen mounds in a wide range of sizes, shapes, and functions.

Although there is some evidence of Late Archaic period (approximately 1200 BCE) occupation in and around the site,[6] Cahokia as it is now defined was settled around 600 CE during the Late Woodland period. Mound building at this location began with the Emergent Mississippian cultural period, about the 9th century CE.[7] The inhabitants left no written records beyond symbols on pottery, shell, copper, wood and stone, but the elaborately planned community, woodhenge, mounds and burials reveal a complex and sophisticated society.The city's original name is unknown.

Notable features

1)Monks MoundMonks Mound is the largest structure and central focus of the city: a massive platform mound with four terraces, 10 stories tall, and the largest man-made earthen mound north of Mexico. Facing south, it is 100 ft (30 m) high, 951 ft (290 m) long, 836 ft (255 m) wide and covers 13.8 acres (5.6 ha).It also contains about 814,000 cu yd (622,000 m3) of earth.The mound was built higher and wider over the course of several centuries through as many as ten separate construction episodes, as the mound was built taller and the terraces and apron were added

2)Urban Landscape

The Grand Plaza is a large open plaza that spreads out to the south of Monks Mound. Researchers originally thought the flat, open terrain in this area reflected Cahokia's location on the Mississippi's alluvial flood plain but instead soil studies have shown that the landscape was originally undulating. In one of the earliest large-scale construction projects, the site had been expertly and deliberately leveled and filled by the city's inhabitants. It is part of the sophisticated engineering displayed throughout the site. The Grand Plaza covered roughly 50 acres (20 ha) and measured over 1,600 ft (490 m) in length by over 900 ft (270 m) in width. It was used for large ceremonies and gatherings, as well as for ritual games, such as chunkey. Along with the Grand Plaza to the south, three other very large plazas surround Monks Mound in the cardinal directions to the east, west, and north.

3) Mound 72

During excavation of Mound 72, a ridge-top burial mound south of Monks Mound, archaeologists found the remains of a man in his 40s who was probably an important Cahokian ruler. The man was buried on a bed of more than 20,000 marine-shell disc beads arranged in the shape of a falcon, with the bird's head appearing beneath and beside the man's head, and its wings and tail beneath his arms and legs.

The falcon warrior or "birdman" is a common motif in Mississippian culture. This burial clearly had powerful iconographic significance. In addition, a cache of sophisticated, finely worked arrowheads in a variety of different styles and materials was found near the grave of this important man. Separated into four types, each from a different geographical region, the arrowheads demonstrated Cahokia's extensive trade links in North America.

Investigation and data collectionPresent cities(Amsterdam)

Amsterdam is the capital city and most populous city of the Kingdom of the

Netherlands. Its status as the Dutch capital is mandated by the Constitution of the

Netherlands though it is not the seat of the Dutch government, which is The Hague.

Amsterdam has a population of 825,080 within the city proper, 1,317,663 in the

urban area and 1,590,520 in the metropolitan area. The city region has an

approximate population of 2,431,000.The city is located in the province of North

Holland in the west of the country. It comprises much of the northern part of the

Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of

approximately 7 million.

Geography

Amsterdam is home to more than one hundred kilometers of canals. The three main canals are Prinsengracht, Herengracht and Keizersgracht, all 3 of which are navigable by boat. In the Middle Ages, Amsterdam was surrounded by a moat, called the Singel, which now forms the innermost ring in the city, and makes the city center a horseshoe shape. The city is also served by a seaport. It has been compared with Venice, due to its division into approximately 90 islands, which are linked by more than 1,200 bridges

ArchitecturalAmsterdam fans out south from the Amsterdam Centraal railway station. The oldest area of the town is known as de Wallen (the quays). It lies to the east of Damrak and contains the city's famous red light district. To the south of de Wallen is the old Jewish quarter of Waterlooplein. The medieval and colonial age canals of Amsterdam, known as Grachten, embraces the heart of the city where homes have interesting gables. Beyond the Grachtengordel are the former working class areas of Jordaan and de Pijp. The Museumplein with the city's major museums, the Vondelpark, a 19th-century park named after the Dutch writer Joost van den Vondel, and the Plantage neighbourhood, with the zoo, are also located outside the Grachtengordel.

Amsterdam has a rich architectural history. The oldest building in Amsterdam is the Oude Kerk (Old Church), at the heart of the Wallen, consecrated in 1306.The oldest wooden building is het Houten Huys at the Begijnhof. It was constructed around 1425 and is one of only two existing wooden buildings. It is also one of the few examples of Gothic architecture in Amsterdam. In the 16th century, wooden buildings were razed and replaced with brick ones. During this period, many buildings were constructed in the architectural style of the Renaissance. Buildings of this period are very recognisable with their stepped gable façades, which is the common Dutch Renaissance style. Amsterdam quickly developed its own Renaissance architecture. These buildings were built according to the principles of the architect Hendrick de Keyser. One of the most striking buildings designed by Hendrick de Keyer is the Westerkerk. In the 17th century baroque architecture became very popular, as it was elsewhere in Europe. This roughly coincided with Amsterdam’s Golden Age. The leading architects of this style in Amsterdam were Jacob van Campen, Philips Vingboons and Daniel Stalpaert.

Economy

Tourism

Amsterdam is the financial and business capital of the Netherlands.Amsterdam is currently one of the best European cities in which to locate an international business.[by whom?] It is ranked fifth in this category and is only surpassed by London, Paris, Frankfurt and Barcelona.Many large corporations and banks have their headquarters in Amsterdam, including Akzo Nobel, Heineken International, ING Group, ABN AMRO, TomTom, Delta Lloyd Group and Philips. KPMG International's global headquarters is located in nearby Amstelveen, where many non-Dutch companies have settled as well, because surrounding communities allow full land ownership, contrary to Amsterdam's land-lease system.

Amsterdam is the financial and business capital of the Netherlands.Amsterdam is currently one of the best European cities in which to locate an international business.[by whom?] It is ranked fifth in this category and is only surpassed by London, Paris, Frankfurt and Barcelona Many large corporations and banks have their headquarters in Amsterdam, including Akzo Nobel, Heineken International, ING Group, ABN AMRO, TomTom, Delta Lloyd Group and Philips. KPMG International's global headquarters is located in nearby Amstelveen, where many non-Dutch companies have settled as well, because surrounding communities allow full land ownership, contrary to Amsterdam's land-lease system.

CultureDuring the later part of the 16th century Amsterdam's Rederijkerskamer (Chamber of Rhetoric) organized contests between different Chambers in the reading of poetry and drama. In 1638, Amsterdam opened its first theatre. Ballet performances were given in this theatre as early as 1642. In the 18th century, French theatre became popular. While Amsterdam was under the influence of German music in the 19th century there were few national opera productions; the Hollandse Opera of Amsterdam was built in 1888 for the specific purpose of promoting Dutch opera.[104] In the 19th century, popular culture was centred on the Nes area in Amsterdam (mainly vaudeville and music-hall).[105] The metronome, one of the most important advances in European classical music, was invented here in 1812 by Dietrich Nikolaus Winkel. At the end of this century, the Rijksmuseum and Stedelijk Museum were built.[citation needed] In 1888, the Concertgebouworkest was established. With the 20th century came cinema, radio and television.[citation needed] Though most studios are located in Hilversum and Aalsmeer, Amsterdam's influence on programming is very strong. Many people who work in the television industry live in Amsterdam. Also, the headquarters of the Dutch SBS Broadcasting Group is located in Amsterdam

Investigation and data collectionFuture cities(Masdar city)

Masdar City is an arcology project in Abu Dhabi, in the United Arab Emirates. Its core is a planned city, which is being built by Masdar, a subsidiary of Mubadala Development Company, with the majority of seed capital provided by the Government of Abu Dhabi. Designed by the British architectural firm Foster and Partners, the city relies on solar energy and other renewable energy sources.Masdar City is being constructed 17 kilometres (11 mi) east-south-east of the city of Abu Dhabi, beside Abu Dhabi International Airport.

Masdar City will host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA).The city is designed to be a hub for cleantech companies. Its first tenant is the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, which has been operating in the city since it moved into its campus in September 2010.

Architectural

Masdar is a sustainable mixed-use development designed to be very friendly to pedestrians and cyclists.

Masdar City has terracotta walls decorated with arabesque patterns. From a distance, the city looks like a cube. The temperature in the streets is generally 15 to 20 °C (59 to 68 °F) cooler than the surrounding desert. The temperature difference is due to Masdar's unique construction. A 45-meter (148 ft) high wind tower modeled on traditional Arab designs sucks air from above and pushes a cooling breeze through Masdar's streets. The site is raised above the surrounding land to create a slight cooling effect. Buildings are clustered close together to create streets and walkways shielded from the sun.

Masdar City was designed by Foster and Partners. Foster's design team started its work by touring ancient cities such as Cairo and Muscat to see how they kept cool. Foster found that these cities coped with hot desert temperatures through shorter, narrower streets usually no longer than 70 meters (230 ft). The buildings at the end of these streets create just enough wind turbulence to push air upwards, creating a flushing effect that cools the street

Transport System

The initial design banned automobiles, as travel will be accomplished via public mass transit and personal rapid transit (PRT) systems, with existing road and railways connecting to other locations outside the city. The absence of motor vehicles coupled with Masdar's perimeter wall, designed to keep out the hot desert winds, allows for narrow and shaded streets that help funnel cooler breezes across the city. In October 2010 it was announced the PRT would not expand beyond the pilot scheme due to the cost of creating the undercroft to segregate the system from pedestrian traffic.Subsequently, a test fleet of 10 Mitsubishi i-MiEV electric cars was deployed in 2011 as part of a one-year pilot to test a point-to-point transportation solution for the city as a complement to the PRT and the freight rapid transit (FRT), both of which consist of automated electric-powered vehicles.

Under a revised design, public transport within the city will rely on methods other than the PRTs. Masdar will instead use a mix of electric vehicles and other clean-energy vehicles for mass transit inside the city. The majority of private vehicles will be restricted to parking lots along the city's perimeter. Abu Dhabi's existing light rail and metro line will connect Masdar City's centre with the greater metropolitan area.

International Renewable Energy Agency

Masdar City will host the headquarters of the International Renewable Energy Agency, commonly known as IRENA. As of May 2013, construction of IRENA's headquarters was underway. Masdar was selected to host IRENA's headquarters after a high-profile campaign by the UAE. In its bid, the UAE offered rent-free offices in Masdar City, 20 IRENA scholarships to the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, and up to US$350 million in loans for renewable energy projects in developing countries.

Renewable resources

Masdar is powered by a 22-hectare (54-acre) field of 87,777 solar panels with additional panels on roofs.

When I create a city there are a few things I should concern about before I create the city:

1) shape and pattern2) new technology3) main focus like town hall and etc4) zoning of the city5) population and culture6) transportation and networking7) infrastructure8) climate9) services10) significant figures11) food and energy12) name of the city13) street of a city14) landscape design15) map(main street ,business)16) public spaces

I had chose square grid pattern as design of my city and the topic given to me is forest area so I choose Taman Negara in

Malaysia as the place to built my city.

Name of my city-prasinosThe word “Prasinos” is from Greek which means green.This name that created is

indicated that the city will mainly focus on green and nature live style

Introduction to Prasinos

Prasinos is a city built on the east side of Malaysia which is Pahang and the city is

located in the center of Taman Negara. The city is a small size city which is 35.17km2

and the is city is very near to the Gunung Tahan. Prasinos is a new green city and it

mainly design for those citizen that love the nature. Eco-tourism will be the theme of

the city. Prasinos will have busting economic activity and it providing its citizen and

the country a certain amount of income. The aim of the city is to function as

commercial,education and tourism hub. Prasinos promises healthy sustainable living,

a new clean and green environment, efficient transport and economic growth to its

citizens.

Prasinos is a city which is in square shape.As we can see that the location have high

ground and low ground the high ground is untouched zone and it will becomes a

forest reserve area.The estimated population of Prasinos is around 100,000-250,000

people.

The Prasinos will divide into two parts which is high ground and low ground.The high

ground will be untouched and it will create as forest conserve area and theme

park.The lower ground will be divide into 4 layer due to the concept of tropical

rainforest in Malaysia .

Why I created this city in Malaysia?

Job

The population of Malaysia is booming and keep increasing from day to day.As Malaysia is a small country ,the is not much land available for new development and create more living space unless we keep on chop down our precious rainforest. Malaysia is a beautiful country that rich in natural resources hence we should use it wisely by not destroyed them instead of leaving it. As a nutshell ,the most logical solution to use our rich natural resources is by creating a city in the forest so that tourist and citizen can enjoy the natural and release their pressure in the natural.

A complete city should include some job opportunities so that citizen income and the economy system of the city will be stable .Hence here is the example of industry area I will created for the citizen:

1) Tourism Industry

2) Industrial Industry

3) Agricultural Industry

4) Education Industry

BUILDINGS

Buildings are the important basic to build up a city.A complete city should include different kind of facilities so that the city can be move on smoothly.Here are the buildings that I include in my city:

1) Government buildings ,law and admistration

2) School and University

3) Solar panels ,Technology hub ,Wind harvesting

4) Agriculture ,Product processing ,Waste management ,Fertiliser

production ,Biomass production , Recycling centre, Solar panels, Wind harvesting

5) Religious centre ,Food Court, Residential Buildings, Entertainment places,

Walkways

6) Green forest, Green garden, Sports & recreation, Theme park, Culture activities

SKY scraper

Every good city will have a significant tower which called as sky scraper.

For example, our mother country Malaysia have KLCC Twin tower which is

the significant tower of this country. So this is the design of sky scraper of

my city. The design shape is looks like a flower and this shows the nature

theme of my city. This sky scraper is used as government buildings, law

and administration center. On the top of the roof had set up solar panel to

absorb the sunlight and convert it into electrical energy for the

building .This building will placed at the highest ground of the city so that

it can absorb the maximum sunlight.

Residential areaEvery city have its own resident and every own resident have its own residential

area.From the research of modern city,most of their building are schematic and

standard shape to indicate that there are same type of building in their city.Hence,in

my city I design all the trees on the top of the tree which called it as tree house but

the houses that build is in modern way so that resident can enjoy modern lifestyle in

nature.

CultureThe culture of Malaysia draws on the varied cultures of the different people of Malaysia. The first people to live in the area were indigenous tribes that still remain; they were followed by the Malays, who moved there from mainland Asia in ancient times. Chinese and Indian cultural influences made their mark when trade began with those countries, and increased with immigration to Malaysia. Hence when we build the city we should concern about our country culture.

Here are the example list of cultural buildings that built in my city:

1) Mosque2) Chinese Temple3) Church4) Hindu Temple

Culture Activities

Agriculture

Joget Melayu ,a Malay dance

There are some various culture activities will be held in PROSINOS:

Wayang Kulit

Lion Dance

Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi, and other life forms for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance human life.Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.

The major agricultural products can be broadly grouped into foods, fibers, fuels, and raw materials. Specific foods include cereals (grains), vegetables, fruits, oils, meats and spices. Fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk and flax. Raw materials include lumber and bamboo. Other useful materials are produced by plants, such as resins, dyes, drugs, perfumes, biofuels and ornamental products such as cut flowers and nursery plants.

The main agricultural product will be plant in PRASINOS are:

1) Sugar cane2) Maize3) Rice4) Wheat5) Potatoes6) Sugar beet7) Soybeans8) Cassava9) Tomatoes10) Barley

Waste managementThe increasing number of municipal solid waste management has become the biggest environmental problem in Malaysia . Population growth has led to the increase in generation of solid wastes in Malaysia and it has become a crucial issue to be solved. The waste generated are from sources like domestic, industrial and commercial and it shows an increasing trends throughout the world. Due to this reason, solid waste management plays an important role in maintaining a sustainable environment.

In addition, construction waste is part of the waste generated and categorized under solid waste construction waste materials can be defined as the comprising of unwanted materials generated during construction. Furthermore, pollution caused by construction waste has caused negative impacts towards the environment and leads to economic lose

From my opinion , waste product should be generated accordingly so that the nature can be conserved and the pollution would not happen in PRASINOS.

Hence,there will be a waste management factories to clean up the waste product in the city

Fertiliser productionA fertilizer is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues (usually leaves) to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Fertilizers enhance the growth of plants. This goal is met in two ways, the traditional one being additives that provide nutrients. The second mode by which some fertilizers act is to enhance the effectiveness of the soil by modifying its water retention and aeration. Fertilizers are commonly used for growing all crops, with application rates depending on the soil fertility, usually as measured by a soil test and according to the particular crop. Legumes, for example, fix nitrogen from the atmosphere and generally do not require nitrogen fertilizer.

From my opinion,use the waste

product of human,plants and

animal to produce fertilizer is a

kind of good low budget and

high efficient method in boots

up PRAZINOS economic.

RecyclingRecycling is a process to change waste materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to plastic production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle" waste hierarchy.

Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles, and electronics. The composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste—such as food or garden waste—is also considered recycling. Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing.

From my opinion ,

recycle centre should be

built up in city so that

the pollution rate of the

city can be

decrease .Reduce ,Reus

e and Recycle the

recyclable item should

be keep practice by

citizen so that can keep

our forest city clean and

green

Solar panelSolar panel refers either to a photovoltaics (PV) module, a solar hot water panel, or to a set of solar photovoltaics modules electrically connected and mounted on a supporting structure. A PV module is a packaged, connected assembly of solar cells. Solar panels can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 watt module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt module. There are a few solar panels available that are exceeding 19% efficiency. A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes a panel or an array of solar modules, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and/or solar tracker and interconnection wiring.

From my opinion, PRASINOS is a good city to install and place the solar panel

due to its hot climate.PRASINOS is located at Malaysia and most of the day is

sunny day so that if build up solar panel can save up the city electric fees and

is more green and more high technology.

ConclusionFrom this project I had learn that building a project is not an important

things and the building a proper cities requires many kinds of manpower

and thinking a layout plan require to refer many good city layout to

improve the city that you going to design

In a city all the facilities need to be well prepared and a city not just only

about good building and facilities, population of people and culture of

different religion are the important key to affect the succession of a city.

To build up a city we need to find a place and understand the topography

of a city and the climate so that we can know the details and base on the

details set up wat we going to building the city.

A good city does not build in a day, a week or even a month .It requires

many times and effort so that it only can produce a good city.

Reference of linksThe structure of city, Retrieved 07 May,2015

https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/population-and-urbanization-17/urbanization-and-the-development-of-cities-123/the-structure-of-cities-694-10482

Technology of city, Retrieved 24 January 2013

http://www.dezeen.com/2013/01/24/kenya-starts-construction-of-konza-technology-city/

Culture Malaysia

http://www.tourism.gov.my/en/es/about-malaysia/culture-n-heritage

Services of city, Retrieved 18 Jan,2012

http://www.skylinescity.com/cities-skylines-faq

Zoning of city, Retrived 23,Feb 2011

http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/zone/zonedex.shtml

Grid of a city,Retrieved 02 Sep,2004

http://www.quora.com/Is-the-grid-system-in-city-planning-the-most-efficient

Contents:1) Introduction

2) Investigation of Town

3) Investigation and data collection:

Acients/old cities

4) Investigation and data collection:

Present cities

5) Investigation and data collection:

Future cities

6) The new “X” city-PRASINOS

7) Conclusion

8) Reference list