The fundamentals of computer renew

THE FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

Computer is an electronic device that stores, retrieves, and processes data, and can be programmed with instructions. A computer is composed of Hardware and Software.

WHAT IS COMPUTER…?

COMPONENTS OF A PC SYSTEM…

BENEFITS OF COMPUTERS…..

A computer provides three basic benefits: Speed: Computers work at very high speeds and are

much faster than human. Accuracy: Computers rarely make mistakes. In fact,

most computer errors are caused by human faults. Diligence: Unlike humans, computers simply do not

get board or tired.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Processing Input output 10 + 20 = 30 (Data) (Information)

H o w D o e s a C o m p u t e r W o r k … ?

Searching

HARDWARE…..Input and Output Devices…

INPUT DEVICE

OUTPUT DEVICE

1. KEYBOARD 1. VDU (Monitor)

2. MOUSE 2. PRINTER

3. MICROPHONE 3. SPEAKER

4. JOYSTICK 4. HEAD PHONE

5. SCANNER

6. WEB CAMERA

MOUSE :- A Mouse is an input device There are many types of mouse like Optical Mouse and Ball Mouse.

Ball Mouse Optical Mouse

ABOUT THE INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES….

The Keyboard is a input device. This is a components that closely resemble a typewriter console. The keyboard provides different keys to perform various operations.

KEYBOARD…

Data that has been processed needs to be displayed to the user. This is done using the monitor or the VDU. The VDU is similar to a TV screen and can display both text and graphic images. The display can be either in black & white or color.

CRT Monitor LCD Monitor

VDU (MONITOR)…

Cethord Ray Tube Liqued Cristal Display

Printer is a output device. Using the printer, you can obtain output on paper. The printers commonly used with the, ink-jet and the laser

printer.

PRINTER….

A Microphone is an input device that allows a user to speak to the computer to enter data and instructions into the computer or it is used to record sound.

MICROPHONE…

A joystick is a pointing device with a vertical lever mounted on a base. It is mainly used for computer games and ultrasound scanners in hospitals.

JOYSTICK….

A scanner is a input device used to capture information, such as, photographs and documents on paper and translate the information into a raster (bitmap) computer image.

SCANNER….

You can use speaker on a multimedia machine to listen to the sound files, which can be audio, recorded by a microphone or audio CDs.

SPEAKER….

Motherboard :- The System Unit is the one of the most important component of the System Unit. This is the Heart of the Computer.

CPU :- CPU is the Brain of the Computer and is placed inside the System Unit. There are many models of CPU like…

I. Pentium I II. Pentium IIIII. Pentium IIIIV. Pentium IV

HARDWARE…..Processing Devices..

When you open the system unit, a large board containing of tiny electronic circuits components are visible. The components of the motherboard are.

I. ChipsetII. MicroprocessorIII. Clock chipIV. Rom chipV. Memory: RAM and ROMVI. Ports

MOTHERBOARD….

The Data is stored in storage devices for processing data as well as for future references. There are two type of Storage Device.

Primary Storage Device :- The primary storage device for a computer is Random Access Memory (RAM).

Secondary Storage Device :- This is a permanently storage memory. Like

1. Hard Disk

2. Floppy Disk

3. Compact Disk (CD)

4. Pen drive

5. Memory Card

HARDWARE…..Storage Devices..

Components of the System Unit…

INSIDE THE COMPUTER…

ROM CHIP

SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply)…

The Internal power supply it called SMPS SMPS convert the AC input into DC output. SMPS provides cable connectors to supply the

required voltage to other internal components like the Hard disk, CD drive and external device such as Keyboard and Mouse.

The SMPS has a small Fan, called Exhaust Fan, Its function is to cool the SMPS unit.

Exhaust Fan

We have many Storage device in our computer like…

I. FLOPPY DISKII. HARD DRIVEIII. CD-ROM SYSTEM

These are permanently (Secondary) storage Device.

STORAGE DEVICES….

The internal memory of a PC is present on the motherboard in the form of chips. The computer used two types of internal memory.

I. RAM (Random Access Memory)II. ROM (Read Only Memory)

RAM :-This is the memory that the computer use for storing the programs and their data while working on them. So, if you are drafting a latter using a word processor, such as MS WORD, you are working with a document loaded into the RAM.

MEMORY…

Floppy disk is a storage device, this is a secondary storage device. This is a non- volatile memory.

Floppy Disks come in two sizes. Its covered with a square protective jacket.

FLOPPY DISK…

The Hard Disk is collection of the disk known as platters. Hard disk located inside the system unit.

Hard disk is a non-volatile memory. The hard disk is a high storage capacity disk and is

permanently placed inside the system unit.

HARD DISK…

CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) is a very popular storage medium. This is a secondary storage device. To read a CD, you need an input device called CD-ROM drive. You can make the data CD, photo CD, Video CD.

CD-ROM SYSTEM…

A Computer uses its software to store, process, and retrieve information. Computer software can be divided into two types,

I. Application SoftwareII. System software Application software refers to the software that

enables user to perform specific task. For example, MS Word is used to create and edit document.

System software refers to the software that enables a computer to function. For example, Windows operating system.

WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM…

These are other helpful tools

Cut: This is used to cut things out of your project

Copy: this is used to copy from one portion of your project to another

Paste: When you cut or copy something from your project, it is put on an “imaginary” clipboard. The paste button retrieves it from the clipboard and places it in your project