European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 1 • The Fukushima nuclear accident What happened? Consequences? JRC involvement? Marc Noël Joint Research Center – Institute for Energy [email protected]https://clearinghouse-oef.jrc.ec.europa.eu/
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European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 1
•
The Fukushima nuclear accident
What happened? Consequences? JRC involvement?
Marc NoëlJoint Research Center – Institute for Energy
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 2
Initiating event : magnitude 9,0 earthquake
What happened at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant on 11 March 2011?
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 3
NPP affected by the earthquake
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 4
Tsunami generated by the earthquake
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 5
Many significant aftershocks
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 6
The Fukushima Daiichi site
Source: AREVA.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 7
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 8
Before / after tsunami Tank displaced?
Many structures facing the bay are destroyed
Missing tanks
Shared spent fuel storage
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 9
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 10
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 11
« GE Mark I » design
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 12
Event sequence (1)
• Diesel generators start.• Plant is in a stable state.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 13
Event sequence (2)
• Reactors 1-3 are cut-off from any kind of heat removal.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 14
Event sequence (5)
• Core starts to be exposed
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 15
• Cladding temperature rises• At 900°C: balooning, cladding breaking• At 1200°C: exothermic reaction Zr+2H2OZrO2+2H2• At 1800°C: melting of fuel cladding and steel structures.• At 2500°C: breaking of the fuel rods, debris bed inside the core.
• Pressure increase inside containment up to 8b->venting• Supply of seawater to the reactor stops the core melt
H2
H2
>900°C >1200°C >2500°C
N2
Event sequence (6)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 16
Event sequence – Units 1&3
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 17
Service floor (top of the reactor building)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 18
Event sequence – Unit 2
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 19
After the Hydrogen detonations
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 20
Unit 4
Unit 3
After the Hydrogen detonations
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 21
Fuel storage issue? (units 1 to 4)
Unit 3: Fuel stored in the pond not visible beneath a mass of steel beams, concrete, dust and rebar from the explosive destruction of the reactor building roof. Concrete dust appeared thick on the surface of flat objects and specks of dust were circulating in the warm water of the pond. [WNN]
Unit 4: a visual inspection by remote controlled camera has shown no significant damage to the spent fuel pond.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 22
Example of recovery actions (1)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 23
Example of recovery actions (2)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 24
Example of recovery actions (3)
Water spray SFP4 using mobile truck
Temporary shelter (unit1, in project)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 25
Summary of the situation
Unit 1 2 3 4 5 6Core and fuel integrity (loaded fuel assemblies)
Damaged most part
Damaged most part
Damaged most part
No fuel in the reactor
Not Damaged
Not Damaged
Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity
Damage and leakage
estimated
Damage and leakage
estimated
Damage and leakage
estimated
Not Damaged
Not Damaged
Not Damaged
Containment IntegrityDamage and
leakage estimated
Damage and leakage
suspected
Damage and leakage
suspected
Not Damaged
Not Damaged
Not Damaged
Reactor building integrity Severely Damaged
Slightly Damaged
Severely Damaged
Severely Damaged
Vent hole opened on the rooftop for avoiding hydrogen explosion
Water injection to core Continuing (Freshwater)
Continuing (Freshwater)
Continuing (Freshwater)
Not necessary
Not necessary
Not necessary
Water injection to Containment Vessel Feed water Feed water
(planned)Feed water (planned)
Not necessary
Not necessary
Not necessary
Fuel integrity in the spent fuel pool (Stored fuel assemblies)
Unknown(292)
Unknown(587)
Damage suspected
(514)
Damage suspected
(1331)
Not damaged
(946)
Not damaged
(876)
Electric power supply off-site grid available
off-site grid available
off-site grid available
off-site grid available
off-site grid available
off-site grid available
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 26
What are the radiological consequences?
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 27
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 28
detected in a village at 40km• CIPR recommends to “take protective
measures” when the yearly estimated dose is > 20-100 mSv.
• Based on local monitoring, extension of the evacuation zone decided. The new evacuation zone match +- the 20mSv yearly dose zone.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 29
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 30
• blabla
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 31
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 32
Example of food bans
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 33
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 34
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 35
High Level EC Task Force for the follow-up of the EU answer to the nuclear accident in Japan
• Created on 30/05/2011 (SEC(2011) 706)Main objectives :• To oversee the implementation of the stress tests, with a view to reporting on
the process to the next European Council meeting of 9/12/2011.• To analyse the radiation protection measures taken so far and propose
corrective measures if needed.Membership:• Chair: the DG of DG ENER. Vice-Chair: the DG of DG JRC• ENER, JRC, SANCO, TAXUD, MOVE, RTD, DEVCO, SG, others…Key milestones:• KoM of the High Level EC Task Force on 08/06/2011.• 15 Sep: national progress reports from the national Regulators sent to EC • 15 Nov: EC viewpoint on the process – draft report for the European Council• 9 Dec: European Council• End of 2011: final national reports – opening the door for the peer reviews• 30 April 2012: completion of peer reviews.• June 2012: consolidated EC report to the Council.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 36
The European Clearinghouse on Operational Experience Feedback for NPP
The European Clearinghouse for NPP OEF :a centralized initiative aiming at strenghtening OEF in the EU,to the benefit of the participating EU Safety Authorities,
in close collaboration with and their Technical Support Organisations (TSOs).
EU NPP safety assessments: JRC role?
Main role: support to the EC High Level Task Force(expertise in nuclear safety)
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 37
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 38
Role of the JRC in the EU NPP « stress tests »
• Expertise of the JRC in the field:• JRC has a long tradition of providing technical support in nuclear safety
(TACIS-INSC, PHARE-IPA, EURATOM art.41-45 for new NPPs, OSART missions, design review in Ukraine, …)
• JRC has expertise on the different types of power reactors being operated in the EU (PWR including VVERs, BWRs, CANDU, ...).
• Through the European Clearinghouse, JRC has the expertise of the analysis of nuclear events and accidents. In full cooperation with the EUMS nuclear Safety Authorities and TSOs.
• The JRC has expertise in the assessment of seismic and flooding hazards.
European Clearinghouse on OE – Presentation to ITRE on the Fukushima nuclear accident – 12/07/2011 - Brussels 39
Role of the JRC in the EU NPP « stress tests »
• JRC gives its full support to the stress tests
• JRC has contributed to the definition of the scope and methodology for the stress tests and will further contribute to:
• the definition of common criteria• the peer-reviews. (reminder: 1 peer review team per EU MS operating NPP; 7
experts per team: 6 from MS safety authorities + 1 from EC-JRC).
• JRC will collect all the national reports for the EC
• JRC will contribute to the report of the EC to the European Council (see conclusions of the European Council of 24-25th March 2011)
• The JRC can/will support any international safety and risk analysis in neighboring countries, in partnership with the IAEA.
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