The former U.S.S.R.

The former U.S.S.R.Created by: Viktor Gombocz and Cristi

OlaraşuRussian History

Countries of the former U.S.S.R.ArmeniaAzerbaijanBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaMoldova

RussiaTajikistanTurkmenistanUkraineUzbekistan

U.S.S.R.- Statistics Location: Northern Eurasia, stretching from the Eastern half of Europe to the Eastern part of Asia.Capital: MoscowOfficial name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics;

abbreviated as U.S.S.R. or USSR; informal names Soviet Union and Russia. Official language: RussianEstablished: Saturday, December 30, 1922Dissolved: Thursday, December 26, 1991

U.S.S.R. - LeadersLeader:

Vladimir Lenin (1917-1922)

Joseph Stalin (1922-1953)Nikita Khrushchev (1953-

1964)Leonid Brezhnev (1964-

1982)Yuri Andropov (1982-

1984)Constantine Chernenko

(1984-1985)Mikhail Gorbachev (1985-

1991)

Native country:RussiaGeorgiaUkraine

Ukraine

RussiaRussiaRussia

U.S.S.R. – Satellite nationsCountry

Year of Russian invasion

YugoslaviaPolandAlbaniaBulgariaHungaryRomaniaCzechoslovakiaEast Germany

19431944194619461947194719481949

Timeline of events 1917: February and October (dated

November in Russian Calendar) revolutions lead to overthrow of Czar Nicholas II and victory for Vladimir Lenin’s Bolsheviks.

1918-1924: Civil War following Russia’s withdrawal from WWI.

1919: Treaty of Versailles is signed, dismembering the German Empire.

1920: Treaty of Trianon is signed, dismembering the Kingdom of Hungary.

1922: U.S.S.R. established and recognized. Benito Mussolini seizes power in Italy.

1924: Lenin dies and is succeeded by Joseph Stalin.

1928-1932: First five-year plan. 1933-1937: Second five-year plan. 1933: Adolf Hitler rises to power in

Germany.

1936-1938: Stalin arrests and kills the country’s peasants, marking the Great Purge.

1938: Germany de facto annexes Austria.

1939: Non-aggression pact with Hitler and dismemberment of Poland; WWII commences.

1940: Occupation of the Baltic nations. 1941: Third five-year plan is disrupted

by Axis invasion; the U.S.S.R. joins the Allied powers. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor; the United States enters the war.

1942-1943: Battle of Stalingrad leads to first victory against the Germans.

Timeline of Events – cont. 1943: Tehran Conference. 1944: The Allies stage an

invasion in Normandy and drive German forces away.

1945: Yalta Conference, Occupation, Battle, and Fall of Berlin, and victory against Germany. Japan surrenders.

1946: Stalin predicts the triumph of Communism.

1948: Berlin blockade. 1949: The U.S.S.R., United

States, France, and Great Britain create West and East Germany.

1950-1953: Korean War.

1953: Stalin dies and is succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who formally denounces his legacy.

1956: Khrushchev denounces Stalinism in his speech to the Congress of the CPSU. Anti-Communist Revolutions in Hungary and Poland are crushed.

1957: Sputnik 1 is launched into space.

1958: Hungarian Anti-Communist leader Imre Nagy is hanged for treason.

1959: Fidel Castro seizes power in Cuba. Khrushchev meets with Eisenhower.

Timeline of Events – cont. 1961: Stalingrad is renamed

back to Volgograd. Bay of Pigs invasion. Khrushchev meets with Kennedy in Vienna. Construction of the Berlin Wall begins.

1962: Cuban Missile Crisis. 1963: Kennedy announces U.S.

alliance with West Germany while giving his prominent ‘’Ich bin ein Berliner’’ speech in West Berlin.

1964: Khrushchev removed and replaced by Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.

1967: Six-Day War.

1968: The Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia is crushed by the Warsaw Pact.

1969: The US accomplishes their goal of going to the moon.

1972: Nixon makes his first visit to China. First meeting between Nixon and Brezhnev.

1973: The US withdraws from Vietnam.

1974: Nixon resigns and Gerald R. Ford becomes president. SALT I Treaty is signed in Vladivostok.

Timeline of Events – cont. 1976: Brezhnev is awarded

the Hero of the Soviet Union on his 70th birthday.

1979: Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter meet in Vienna to sign the SALT II Treaty. The Soviet Union invades Afghanistan.

1980: The US boycotts the Summer Olympics in Moscow.

1982: Brezhnev dies; Yuri Andropov replaces him.

1984: Andropov dies; Konstantin Chernenko takes his place. The Soviet Union boycotts the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

1985: Chernenko dies and is replaced by Mikhail Gorbachev, who begins initiating reforms to allow freedom for the Eastern Bloc nations.

1986: The Challenger explodes on its way into space. Chernobyl suffers a major nuclear leak.

Timeline of Events – cont. 1987: Reagan delivers his famous ‘’Tear Down This Wall’’ speech in West

Berlin; Socialism continues to decline and draws nearer to its end. 1988: Russian troops withdraw from Afghanistan, ending the nine-year

war. 1989: Hungarian Communist leader János Kádár dies of cancer a year

after resigning as the dictator of Hungary. The Berlin Wall is torn down. Romanian Communist leader Nicolae Ceauşescu and his wife are indicted for crimes against the state and are executed by a firing squad following his bloody 24-year rule as dictator of Romania.

1990: Gorbachev elected President of the Soviet Union. East and West Germany join to reunify Germany.

1991: Gorbachev kidnapped after coup in August. After being released, he resigns. Each republic declares its independence, and the U.S.S.R. ceases to exist after nearly 70 years. The Russian Federation is recognized as the legal successor to the extinct state.

Map of the former U.S.S.R.

Neighboring countries of the former U.S.S.R. Afghanistan (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan)China (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan)Czechoslovakia (Ukraine)Finland (Russia)Hungary (Ukraine)Iran (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan)Mongolia (Russia)North Korea (Russia)Poland (Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine)Romania (Moldova, Ukraine)Turkey (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia)

Effects of the collapse of the U.S.S.R.Russian lost status as co-official language in every

post-Soviet republic, save for Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

Russian lost its importance in the republics that refused to allow it to remain co-official following the demise of the U.S.S.R.

Russian troops were withdrawn from the former satellite nations, ending Russia’s dominance over those nations.

The aged state’s secret police, KGB, was dissolved. The United States was left as the world’s biggest

superpower, ending the Cold War.

Flag of the U.S.S.R.

Russian Federation

New organizationsOrganization Current membersCommonwealth of

Independent States (CIS)Armenia, Azerbaijan,

Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.

Membership in other organizationsNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO): Only three

nations of the former U.S.S.R., Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, are members of NATO. Georgia is currently seeking membership in NATO while other republics of the former U.S.S.R. do not wish to join the organization.

European Union (EU): Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania are also the only three post-Soviet states that are members of the European Union. Georgia is looking at membership in the EU while Ukraine is looking at becoming a candidate.

United Nations (UN): As UN-recognized nations, all 15 of the former states of the U.S.S.R. are members of the UN.

Capital citiesCountry:

ArmeniaAzerbaijanBelarusEstoniaGeorgiaKazakhstanKyrgyzstanLatviaLithuaniaMoldova

Capital city:YerevanBakuMinskTallinnTbilisiAstanaBishkekRigaVilniusChişinău

Capital cities – cont. Country:

RussiaTajikistanTurkmenistan UkraineUzbekistan

Capital city: MoscowDushanbeAshgabatKyivTashkent

Religion in the former U.S.S.R.The religions with the most followers were

Christianity and Islam, although most people of the U.S.S.R. gave up their religious beliefs in accordance with government law.

The religion with the least followers was Judaism; many Soviet Jews left the U.S.S.R. to find refuge in countries like Israel and the US because of the strong anti-Semitic ways of the Soviet government. Today, Israel is home to many Russian Jews; Russian is the most widely spoken unofficial language in Israel, followed by English.

Vehicles from the former U.S.S.R.LadaLada RivaLada-SamaraLada 110VAZ-2101 MoskvitchVolgaKamaz

Kamaz Tipper

THE ENDThis has been a Gombocz-Olaraşu production.