The First English Colonies are PLANTED

The First English Colonies are PLANTED

Lecture 2 APUSHThe Plantation ColoniesElizabeth I 1533-

1603

“The Virgin Queen” 1. Religious and personal ambition

Henry VIII and Anglican church

2. Spain falters (Armada defeated)

3. England’s golden age4. Primogeniture and Pirates!

Why England?

• Spanish Santa Fe 1610• French Quebec 1608• English Jamestown 1607

When you are asked why, your answer will be a thesis (AKA…Analysis!!)

Also in US history, someone has already come up with a theory for these questions, so usually your task is to know the possible answers and to evaluate those possibilities—rank, decide and support.

1. Religious and personal ambition

(Henry VIII and Anglican church)

2. Spain falters (Armada defeated)

3. England’s golden age4. Primogeniture and Pirates!

Why England?

1. Oh Henry! Henry VIII wants a son…doesn’t get one so…

The Anglican Church of England is formed!

• Henry VIII makes himself head of the Church of England, grants himself a divorce and the Protestant/Catholic conflict in England begins

Background: 1517 Protestant Reformation in Wittenburg begins with Martin Luther and the 95 theses

John Calvin-French theologian--HUGE influence in American culture

John Knox-Presbyterians in Scotland

Elizabeth I 1558-1603

BRITISH News flash!

This is not a boy!!

Spanish Armada (1588)

The Golden Age of English Literature and the English Renaissance

• Shakespeare• Confidence!• Adventure—Laws of

Primogeniture dictate that oldest sons inherit property, so what’s a second son to do?

• Walter Raleigh? Francis Drake?

After a couple of false starts

• Roanoke 1587 The Lost Colony

Sir Walter Raleigh came with supplies 3 years later…but this was the only clue

Jamestown 1607

• John Smith • Powhatan• Pocahontas

“He who does not work, shall not eat!”

New Opportunities►A recession in the 1590’s =

desperate people►Get rich quick w/ the

Virginia Company (1606)►Settles at Jamestown on

the James River (5/24/1607)

Jamestown Settlement

Susan Constant

Discovery

Godspeed

Jamestown Settlement

There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load

gold…

Captain John SmithThe right man for the job?

The Starving TimePOPULATION: 1607: 104 colonists By spring, 1608: 38 survived 1609: 300 more immigrants By spring, 1610: 60 survived 1610 – 1624: 10,000 immigrants 1624 population: 1,200 Adult life expectancy: 40 years Death of children before age 5:

80%

Who saves the day????Lord De La

Warr►Resupplies colony in 1610►Brings military into colony ►Starts war with Powhatan

Tribe►Leads to the crown taking over

the colony in 1624 (House of Burgesses, 1619)

Implications for Native Americans?

• Disease• Disorganization• Disposability

The 3 D’sSurvival means adaptation:-Lakota Sioux migrate and use

horses -Catawba nation formed from survivors of 3 D’s -Algonquians trade

Powhatan Tribe1610-1614 1644

Gone by 1685

What finally made the colony prosperous??

John RolfeTobacco!

Virginia’s gold and silver. John Rolfe, 1612

1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of

tobacco.

1622 — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.

1627 — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco.

1629 — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

Jamestown Colonization

Pattern: 1620-1660

• Large plantations [>100 acres].

• Widely spread apart [>5 miles].Social/Economic

PROBLEMS???

Headright System: Each Virginian got 50 acres

for each person whose passage they paid

Indenture Contract: 5-7 years. Promised “freedom dues”

[land, $] Forbidden to marry. 1610-1614: only 1 in 10

outlived their indentured contracts!

Indentured Servitude

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1607 1630 1650 1670 1690

WhiteBlack

Population of Virginia

1619 1st slave ship arrives off coast. Start ofSlavery in plantation colonies

Maryland!• Founded in 1634 by Lord

Baltimore• Catholic Refuge (Toleration

Act, 1649)

1660s – 1730sThe Carolinas & Georgia.Planters & yeomen farmers from VA or the Sugar Islands.Note the “king” names…Debtors & other petty criminals.Indigo and Rice top crops

The Carolinas and Georgia

Summary: The Plantation Colonies similarities (Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia)

1. Export of agricultural crops-sugar, rice, tobacco

2. Slavery3. Aristocrats have the political

power (e.g.House of Burgesses) and economic power in plantations ($$)

4. Slow growth of cities and education