THE FEDERAL DISTRICTS

THE FEDERAL THE FEDERAL DISTRICTSDISTRICTS

Federal District

Composition DistrictCapital

Population %

Central Republics -0Regions -17Other -1

Moscow 25,5

Northwest Republics - 2Regions - 8Other - 2

St.Petersburg 9,8

Southern Republics - 8Regions 5

Rostov-on-Don 14,4

Volga Republics - 6Regions – 8

Nizhniy Novgorod 21,1

Ural Republics - 0Regions - 2Other – 2

Ekaterinburg 8,7

Siberian Republics -4Regions -8Other -4

Novosibirsk 13,4

Far East Republics – 1Regions - 6Other - 3

Khabarovsk 5,0

FEDERAL DISTRICT

PRESEDENTIAL REPRESENTATIVE

PREVIOUS POSITION MILITARY RANK

Central POLTAVCHENKO Georgy Presidential representative in Leningrad region

(Federal Tax Service, St.Petersburg Chief)

General

Northwest CHERKESOV Viktor Federal Security Service, 1st Deputy Director

Lt.General

Southern KAZANTSEV Viktor North Caucasus Military District, Commander

General

Volga KIRIENKO Sergey Prime-Minister, April-August 1998

None

Ural LATYSHEV Petr Ministry of Interior, Deputy Minister

Col.General

Siberian DRACHEVSKY Leonid Minister of CIS Affairs, Career Diplomat

None

Far East PULIKOVSKY Konstantin Deputy Commander,Chechen War

Lt.General

The expectation was that the federal districts would become The expectation was that the federal districts would become power links in a vertical chain of command, super-regions that power links in a vertical chain of command, super-regions that

would restore Kremlin control over the multitude of would restore Kremlin control over the multitude of independent governors.independent governors.

In reality their task was:In reality their task was:• to prevent the break-up of the Russian to prevent the break-up of the Russian

Federation, to control the governors Federation, to control the governors and presidents who were openly and presidents who were openly flouting the legal authority of Moscow;flouting the legal authority of Moscow;

• to be the eyes and ears of the to be the eyes and ears of the president in the regions. president in the regions.

The main political instruments were:The main political instruments were:• insistence on rewriting regional laws to conform to insistence on rewriting regional laws to conform to

federal law. This has proceeded fairly smoothly – federal law. This has proceeded fairly smoothly – although it is an open question whether although it is an open question whether implementation of the new laws will differ from past implementation of the new laws will differ from past practices.practices.

• supervision of anti-corruption campaigns, supervision of anti-corruption campaigns, unleashing the procuracy on criminal actions by unleashing the procuracy on criminal actions by government officials. government officials.

• monitoring of elections, and using elections to try to monitoring of elections, and using elections to try to remove objectionable governorsremove objectionable governors

• monitoring the mass media, trying to create media monitoring the mass media, trying to create media outlets favorable to Moscow, and creating new outlets favorable to Moscow, and creating new media outlets to promote regional identity and media outlets to promote regional identity and cooperation between the federal districts cooperation between the federal districts componentscomponents

• supervision of security institutions, including supervision of security institutions, including stopping efforts by regional leaders to create their stopping efforts by regional leaders to create their own security networks. own security networks.

Every President’s representative has Every President’s representative has developed new functions which were developed new functions which were

not necessarily part of President not necessarily part of President Putin’s original plan. Putin’s original plan.

NEW NEW PRESEDENTIAL REPRESENTATIVES

NorthwestCHERKESOV Viktor - MATVEENKO Valentina (Vice Prime Minister) -

KLEBANOV Igor (Vice Prime Minister)

SouthernKAZANTSEV Viktor – YAKOVLEV Vladimir (Vice Prime Minister) –

KOZACK Dmitry (President’s Administration, First Deputy Head

VolgaKIRIENKO Sergey - KONOVALOV Alexander (Bashkortastan Prosecutor)

SiberianDRACHEVSKY Leonid – KVASHNIN Anatoly (Chief Of General Staff)

Far East PULIKOVSKY Konstantin – ISHAKOV Kamil (Kazan Mayor)

Northwest Federal DistrictNorthwest Federal District

Northwest Federal DistrictNorthwest Federal DistrictGENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFORMATION

  • Total area: 1 687 000 square kilometers (9.8% of all Russian territory) Total area: 1 687 000 square kilometers (9.8% of all Russian territory)

• Population: 14.4 million (9.9% of all Russian population) Population: 14.4 million (9.9% of all Russian population)

• Central city: St. PetersburgCentral city: St. Petersburg

• The district enjoys a lucrative geopolitical situation: it borders The district enjoys a lucrative geopolitical situation: it borders Finland, Norway, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and has Finland, Norway, Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, and has outlets to Baltic, White, Barents, and Kara Seas. outlets to Baltic, White, Barents, and Kara Seas.

• The district has a rich natural resource potential: 16% and 20% of The district has a rich natural resource potential: 16% and 20% of

Russia’s explored oil and gas reserves, respectively; 50% of European Russia’s explored oil and gas reserves, respectively; 50% of European Russia forests, and Europe’s largest coal reserves (214 billion ton).Russia forests, and Europe’s largest coal reserves (214 billion ton).

Leading IndustriesLeading Industries

In 2004, industrial growth in Northwest Russia was 113 In 2004, industrial growth in Northwest Russia was 113 percent of the 2003 level, driven mainly by business percent of the 2003 level, driven mainly by business

expansion in St. Petersburg, and Arkhangelsk and expansion in St. Petersburg, and Arkhangelsk and Kaliningrad Oblasts. Kaliningrad Oblasts.

The most developed industries of the Northwest Federal The most developed industries of the Northwest Federal District areDistrict are: :

• Metallurgy (Leningrad Oblast and Vologda) Metallurgy (Leningrad Oblast and Vologda) • Chemical and petrochemical (Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk Chemical and petrochemical (Leningrad Oblast, Murmansk

and Novgorod) and Novgorod) • Logging, wood processing, pulp and paper (Leningrad Logging, wood processing, pulp and paper (Leningrad

Oblast, the Komi and Karelia Republics, Pskov and Oblast, the Komi and Karelia Republics, Pskov and Novgorod) Novgorod)

• Machine-tool building (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast and Machine-tool building (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast and Novgorod) Novgorod)

• Food processing (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, Food processing (St.Petersburg, Leningrad Oblast, Novgorod and Pskov) Novgorod and Pskov)

• Non-ferrous metallurgy (Murmansk and the Komi Republic)Non-ferrous metallurgy (Murmansk and the Komi Republic)

Major Development ChallengesMajor Development Challenges

• Low development of human resourcesLow development of human resources - Demographic implosion (mortality rates exceed - Demographic implosion (mortality rates exceed

birth rates by a factor of 2; the average life interval is 59 birth rates by a factor of 2; the average life interval is 59 years for men and 72 years for women; from 1991, years for men and 72 years for women; from 1991, population numbers contracted by 912 000)population numbers contracted by 912 000)

- Low income levels (average monthly wages are - Low income levels (average monthly wages are equivalent to $135-140; average pensions and subsidies equivalent to $135-140; average pensions and subsidies are below the actual minimum living costs)are below the actual minimum living costs)

- High crime rates- High crime rates • Inefficient structure of economy (a high proportion Inefficient structure of economy (a high proportion

of raw-material and low-technology industries; low of raw-material and low-technology industries; low innovation levels)innovation levels)

• Significant gaps between regions’ development Significant gaps between regions’ development levels; centralized management of regions’ levels; centralized management of regions’ financial resources by the federal budgetfinancial resources by the federal budget

• Development challenges in the Russian exclave – Development challenges in the Russian exclave – Kaliningrad OblastKaliningrad Oblast

• Lack of an overall federal development strategy; Lack of an overall federal development strategy; inconsistent regional policies of the federal inconsistent regional policies of the federal governmentgovernment