The Executive Branch The President and Vice President Electing a President The Cabinet and Executive Office Presidential Powers Role of the President Leadership.

The Executive The Executive BranchBranch

The President and Vice President

Electing a PresidentThe Cabinet and Executive

OfficePresidential Powers

Role of the PresidentLeadership Styles

Ch. 8-9 EssaysCh. 8-9 Essays What is the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and how do What is the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and how do

they select our President? What are 2 major they select our President? What are 2 major complaints about the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and complaints about the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and 2 ways to “fix” it?2 ways to “fix” it?

What is the CABINET and how does it help the What is the CABINET and how does it help the President do his/her job?President do his/her job?

EXTRA CREDIT: List, in order, the presidents of EXTRA CREDIT: List, in order, the presidents of the United States. You can start at Obama or the United States. You can start at Obama or Washington and go IN ORDER. ( ¼ point for Washington and go IN ORDER. ( ¼ point for each president you get correct, up to you first each president you get correct, up to you first mistake)mistake)

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Be able to list the duties of the President and Vice PresidentBe able to list the duties of the President and Vice President Be able to identify the President’s term, salary and benefitsBe able to identify the President’s term, salary and benefits Be able to explain what happens if the President is disabledBe able to explain what happens if the President is disabled Be able to list the official and unofficial qualifications for Be able to list the official and unofficial qualifications for

presidentpresident Be able to explain the Line of Presidential SuccessionBe able to explain the Line of Presidential Succession

What is itWhat is it Why is it neededWhy is it needed

The President and Vice The President and Vice PresidentPresident

The President and Vice The President and Vice PresidentPresident Duties of the President

Commander in Chief Power of Appointment Making Treaties (conducting foreign policy) Make sure all laws of the US are faithfully executed State of the Union

The President’s Term and Salary 4 year terms (10 years maximum) – 22nd Amendment $400,000 + benefits

White House, Air Force One, security, etc Lifetime pension (at least $148,000 per year) Free office/staff for life

Presidential Qualifications Official

35 years of age Natural born citizen of the US Live in the US for a minimum of 14 years

Unofficial Government Experience (Senator & Governor most common) Large amount of money available for campaigning Centrist Political Beliefs Most are married, from families with a large amount of money Want to lead a very powerful nation

Presidential Presidential SuccessionSuccession

2525thth Amendment Amendment Vice President Speaker of the House President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of State Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of Defense Attorney General Secretary of the Interior Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Labor Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Energy Secretary of Education Secretary of Veterans’ Affairs Secretary of Homeland Security

Presidential Presidential DisabilityDisability

2525thth Amendment establishes process Amendment establishes processVP becomes presidentVP becomes presidentIf President becomes unable to perform If President becomes unable to perform

dutiesdutiesVoluntarily hands over power to VPVoluntarily hands over power to VP InvoluntarilyInvoluntarily

* VP and Cabinet must * VP and Cabinet must vote (majority)vote (majority)

Explains how President can regain powersExplains how President can regain powers

Vice President’s RoleVice President’s RoleOnly 2 Constitutional dutiesOnly 2 Constitutional duties

Presides over the Senate and breaks any tie votePresides over the Senate and breaks any tie voteHelps decide if the President is disabledHelps decide if the President is disabled

14 VP’s have become President14 VP’s have become President 9 because President died in office or resigned9 because President died in office or resigned George HW Bush is the last VP to become PresidentGeorge HW Bush is the last VP to become President Gerald Ford is the last VP to become President because Gerald Ford is the last VP to become President because

the President died/resignedthe President died/resigned

Modern ResponsibilitiesModern Responsibilities Depends on the President (how they will use the VP)Depends on the President (how they will use the VP) Modern day VP’s very active in the running of the Modern day VP’s very active in the running of the

countrycountry

* Clinton, GW Bush, Obama have had active VP’s* Clinton, GW Bush, Obama have had active VP’s

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Be able to explain what the “Electoral College” is and how it operates

Identify 3 problems with the system Explain possible fixes to the Electoral College and what

would have to happen for those fixes to go into place

Electing the Electing the PresidentPresident

Electing the Electing the PresidentPresident

Original system: Original system: The Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College People of the day were uneducated/uninformed Feared it would be a “popularity contest”

THE ELECTORAL COLLEGETHE ELECTORAL COLLEGE Each state gets a number of “ELECTORS” equal to the number of

reps in the House plus the number in the Senate (Washington = 12 ELECTORS)

In November, each state holds an election. Each state assigns their ELECTORS based on how the state voted for President (Washington = Obama = 11 ELECTORS)

In December, ELECTORS cast their votes for President in Washington DC. The candidate with the majority of ELECTORS wins the presidency

If no candidate wins a majority, the House of Representatives votes for President, Senate votes for Vice President

Impact of Party PoliticsImpact of Party Politics Since 2 parties have emerged and the US used a 2 party system,

the parties select their electors and it is understood they will vote for their candidate

1800 Election (Jefferson v. Burr) illustrated problem with system 12th Amendment fixed that problem

The Electoral College The Electoral College TodayToday

The Electoral College is still used todayThe Electoral College is still used today Political Parties choose their nominees in summer conventions Indirect Election for President held in November, every 4 years

Electors vote for candidate that won their state (except MA and NB) President usually announced the night of the general election

because the electoral votes can be counted unofficially Electoral College votes in December to cast official votes for

President Ballots sealed and taken to Washington DC for a count 538 = members of Congress + 3 for Washington DC 270 needed to win Ballots opened and counted on January 6 and the winner is officially

announced

Issues with the Electoral CollegeIssues with the Electoral College Winner Takes All (may disagree with popular vote)

2000 Election = Bush v. Gore Third Party Candidates (may block one candidate from getting 50%) Election by the House (party politics will pick the president, not

qualifications)

Ideas for Reform of the Ideas for Reform of the Electoral CollegeElectoral College

Electors from Congressional Districts Each District would assign an elector State would assign 2 electors

Proportional Delegates The state’s general election would be broken down (55% to

45%) Electors would be divided according to that percentage

Direct Election of the President and Vice President Electoral College eliminated Voters directly elect the President and VP

All of these ideas would required All of these ideas would required a Constitutional Amendmenta Constitutional Amendment

Inauguration on January 20 at noon

Letter to your elected Letter to your elected representatives (extra credit)representatives (extra credit)Representative Derek KilmerRepresentative Derek Kilmer

2467 Rayburn House Office Building2467 Rayburn House Office BuildingWashington, DC 20515Washington, DC 20515

Senator Maria CantwellSenator Maria Cantwell 311 Hart Senate Office Building 311 Hart Senate Office Building

Washington, DC 20510Washington, DC 20510

Senator Patty MurraySenator Patty Murray 448 Russell Senate Office Building448 Russell Senate Office Building

Washington, D.C. 20510Washington, D.C. 20510

President Barrack ObamaPresident Barrack ObamaThe White HouseThe White House

1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NWWashington, DC 20500Washington, DC 20500

NameName

AddressAddress

DateDate

Dear ______Dear ______

IntroductionIntroduction

Issue – Concern, idea for fixingIssue – Concern, idea for fixing

ConclusionConclusion

Sincerely,Sincerely,

SignatureSignature

Printed, Typed namePrinted, Typed name

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Be able to explain what the CABINET is Be able to explain what the CABINET is Be able to explain what the CABINET doesBe able to explain what the CABINET does Be able to identify what the Executive Office is and what Be able to identify what the Executive Office is and what

they dothey do

The CabinetThe Cabinet The CABINET is made up of the Secretaries of the 15 major The CABINET is made up of the Secretaries of the 15 major

departments, the Vice President and other top officialsdepartments, the Vice President and other top officials The President meets regularly with the CABINET to get advice The President meets regularly with the CABINET to get advice

on policy matterson policy matters

Selection of the CabinetSelection of the Cabinet One of the first jobs of the President is to name his/her

cabinet “Secretaries” should have some credible expertise in

the policy areas in the department they will head The Senate will confirm the President’s appointments Party Patronage and loyalty play into the selection

process Many find the politics, the pay, and Washington DC to be

unappealing and turn down the President’s request they serve

Candidates will be “vetted” both publically and privately

The Role of the The Role of the CabinetCabinet

The Cabinet: HistoricallyThe Cabinet: Historically Role they play varies on the President

Strong Presidents (Jackson, Lincoln, Roosevelt) used Cabinet very little

Others used extensively (FDR “Brain Trust”)

The Modern CabinetThe Modern Cabinet More recent Presidents have tried to increase the role of the

Cabinet Clinton, both Bush’s and Obama use their Cabinets a lot

The Influence of the CabinetThe Influence of the Cabinet The Department determines, to some extent, how much

influence they have“Inner Cabinet” State, Defense

Things limiting the Cabinet’s roleThings limiting the Cabinet’s role Conflicting Loyalties

Their department, Members of Congress, and Special Interest Groups

Secrecy and Trust Cabinet discussions may be “leaked” to the press President will limit sensitive discussions to most trusted advisors

Executive DepartmentsExecutive Departments (p. 276-(p. 276-

279279)) Department of State

Secretary John Kerry Department of the Treasury

Secretary Jack LewDepartment of DefenseSecretary Chuck HagelDepartment of JusticeAttorney General Eric H. HolderDepartment of the InteriorSecretary Sally JewellDepartment of AgricultureSecretary Thomas J. VilsackDepartment of CommerceSecretary Penny Pritzker

Department of LaborSecretary Thomas E. Perez

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)Secretary Sylvia Mathews BurwellDepartment of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)Secretary Julián Castro Department of TransportationSecretary Anthony FoxxDepartment of EnergySecretary Ernest MonizDepartment of EducationSecretary Arne DuncanDepartment of Veterans AffairsSecretary Robert McDonald Department of Homeland SecuritySecretary Jeh Johnson

The Executive OfficeThe Executive OfficePeople and Agencies that directly assist the President People and Agencies that directly assist the President

with advice and informationwith advice and information

Office of Management and Budget (OMB): prepares the national budget each year that is presented to Congress

National Security Council: Keeps the President advised to National Security issues (VP, Sec of Defense, Sec of State, Chief of CIA, Joint Chiefs of Staff)

National Homeland Security Council: Coordinate the agencies that are working to fight terrorism

Council of Economic Advisers: Assesses the economic health of the nation and predicts future developments. Creates a plan to support a stronger economy

Other White House Offices White House Staff: whatever the President assigns to them

Press Secretary: the President’s representative with the press

Presidential PowersPresidential Powers Constitutional Powers (Article 2)

Need for a Strong Executive (to enforce the law) Article 2: Chief Executive

Commander in Chief of the MilitaryAppoints Federal Judges and other appointed

positionsDelivers annual “State of the Union” message to

Congress

Informal Sources of Power Personal Exercise of Power (Broad vs. Strict view of the Presidency)

Immediate Need of the Nation (Times of Crisis demand increased power to the Presidency)

Mandate of the People (Media give President a forum based on support of the people)

Limits on Executive Power Limitations by Congress (Override Presidential Veto, Reject appointments, Approve

budget, Power of Impeachment, War Powers Act

Limitations by the Federal Courts (Judicial Review, Independent Judiciary)

Limitation by the Bureaucracy (fail to provide info, misunderstand instructions, not completing task given)

Limitations by Public Opinion (Without favorable public opinion, President has difficulty getting agenda passed)

Role of the PresidentRole of the PresidentOnly country to combine these jobs into one positionOnly country to combine these jobs into one position

Head of StateHead of State (ceremonial head of country) POLITICIAN Greets visiting dignitaries Chief Diplomat for the US

Chief Executive Chief Executive (uses executive orders, appointments, and right to fire to run the executive branch) BUSINESSPERSON

Pardons – release from legal punishments Reprieves – postponement of legal punishments

Chief Legislator Chief Legislator (suggests legislation to Congress) POLITICIAN

Writes up legislation that supports his/her agenda Trades political favors to get legislation passed Veto threat

Economic PlannerEconomic Planner (set policy to direct national economy) BUSINESSPERSON

Writes up President Budget Submits annual report (Budget) to Congress

Role of the Role of the PresidentPresident

Party LeaderParty Leader Head of the political party they represent Sets the agenda for that party

Chief DiplomatChief Diplomat Directs Foreign Policy making key decisions on how we deal

with other nations Power to make TREATIES Power to make “Executive Agreements” Recognition of Foreign Governments

Commander in Chief Commander in Chief (civilian head of the military) Power to Make War (War Powers Act)

Military Operations and Strategy (Power to run day to day operations of the military)

Power to use any and all of the weapons of war In times of crisis, asks Congress for special legislation Uses military in times of crisis at home

Leadership StylesLeadership Styles US President has had increasing

responsibilities as the US became a/the world power

Leadership Qualities and Skills Understanding the Public Ability to Communicate!!!! Sense of Timing Openness to New Ideas Ability to Compromise (or induce compromise) Political Courage

Political IsolationPolitical Isolation Special TreatmentSpecial Treatment Voicing OpinionsVoicing Opinions Access to the PresidentAccess to the President

Dangers of IsolationDangers of Isolation

Staying in TouchStaying in Touch

Ch 8-9 Essay QuestionsCh 8-9 Essay Questions

What is the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and how do What is the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and how do they select our President? What are 2 major they select our President? What are 2 major complaints about the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and 2 complaints about the ELECTORAL COLLEGE and 2 ways to “fix” it?ways to “fix” it?

What is the CABINET and how does it help the What is the CABINET and how does it help the President do his/her job?President do his/her job?

EXTRA CREDIT: List, in order, the presidents of EXTRA CREDIT: List, in order, the presidents of the United States. You can start at Obama or the United States. You can start at Obama or Washington and go IN ORDER. ( ¼ point for each Washington and go IN ORDER. ( ¼ point for each president you get correct, up to you first mistake)president you get correct, up to you first mistake)

Ch 8-9 Ch 8-9 ““Need to KnowsNeed to Knows””

Chapter 8Chapter 8CabinetCabinet

Who makes it upWho makes it upHow do they functionHow do they function

Executive Office of the PresidentExecutive Office of the PresidentHow do they support the President in doing How do they support the President in doing

his/her jobhis/her job

Chapter 9Chapter 9Presidential PowersPresidential Powers

Formal and Informal powersFormal and Informal powersRoles of the President/VPRoles of the President/VPPresidential Leadership SkillsPresidential Leadership Skills