The evolving landscape of library resource management Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides.

The evolving landscape of library resource management

Marshall BreedingIndependent Consultant, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding

June 20, 2014e-BUG Conference – Morehead State University

Description Marshall Breeding will provide an overview of the current

state of technologies available to academic libraries for managing and providing access to their collections.  He will provide an overview of the models of automation that have shifted away from a focus on print to ones that encompass electronic resources and digital collections.  Strategic cooperation has become a central concern, where multi-campus universities, consortia, statewide, or even national library systems are increasingly exploring opportunities to share infrastructure rather than implement local systems.  Many of the new platforms are deployed as multi-tenant software as a service.  Breeding will discuss these trends and other topics of interest to academic libraries. 

Library Technology Guides

www.librarytechnolog

y.org

Library Technology Industry Reports

2014: Strategic Competition and Cooperation

2013: Rush to Innovate 2012: Agents of Change 2011: New Frontier 2010: New Models, Core

Systems 2009: Investing in the Future 2008: Opportunity out of turmoil 2007: An industry redefined 2006: Reshuffling the deck 2005: Gradual evolution 2004: Migration down,

innovation up 2003: The competition heats up 2002: Capturing the migrating

customer

American Libraries Library Journal

Mergers and Acquisitions

Mergers and Acquisitions Detail

Library Systems Report 2014

Library Systems Report 2014 Arabic

Library Systems Report Tables

http://www.americanlibrariesmagazine.org

Personnel Resources 2013 

     2013  2013 2012

Company Dev SupSales Admin

Other

TotalTotal

EBSCO Information Services 424 869 554 98 862 2807

OCLC           1280 1250Ex Libris 194 222 60 46 14 536 522SirsiDynix 102 170 53 20 40 385 369EOS International             50Follett Software Company 120 164 52 10 15 361

341

Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 103 184 61 55 7 410

341

Serials Solutions 124 63 52 5 11 255 256The Library Corporation 41 93 25 13 27 199 199Polaris Library Systems 27 50 17 3   97 93VTLS 25 35 8 9   77 86Equinox Software 5 7 2 2 2 18 20ByWater Solutions 1 12 2 3   14 13

ILS Industry Contracts (2013)Company Product 200

92010 2011 2012 2013

OCLC WMS 184 163 92Innovative Sierra   206 117 113Ex Libris Alma 8 24 17 31SirsiDynix Symphony  - 126 122 104 128Innovative Millennium 45 39 32 30 1TLC Library.Solution 30 43 48 13 17Ex Libris Aleph 47 39 25 26 25VTLS Virtua 18 22 13 14 7Polaris Polaris ILS 33 23 53 30 30Biblionix Apollo 55 87 79 80 87ByWater Solutions

Koha 7 44 54 34 68

PTFS LibLime LibLime Academic Koha

    7 5 6

PTFS LibLime LibLime Koha   44 27 37 30Equinox Evergreen 18 15 21 37 12

Development Resources (Dec 2013)Company Dev Sup Sales Admin Other Total

EBSCO Information Services 424 869 554 98 862 2807Ex Libris 194 222 60 46 14 536Follett Software Company 120 164 52 10 15 361Innovative Interfaces, Inc. 103 184 61 55 7 410SirsiDynix Corporation 102 170 53 20 40 385Serials Solutions 124 63 52 5 11 255Axiell 60 63 36 29 31 219The Library Corporation 41 93 25 13 27 199Polaris Library Systems 27 50 17 3   97VTLS Inc. 25 35 8 9   77KohaByWater Solutions 1 12 2 3   14Catalyst IT 3         BibLibre 4 3       Koha Total (estimated) 15PTFS 5 16 3 8 8 155EvergreenEquinox Software 5 7 2 2 2 18

Personnel Growth / Loss

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ex LibrisSirsiDynix Follett Software CompanyInnovative Inter-faces, Inc.

New-generation Library Management

Appropriate Automation Infrastructure

Current automation products out of step with current realities

Majority of library collection funds spent on electronic content

Majority of automation efforts support print activities

New discovery solutions help with access to e-content

Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructure

Strategic shift for Academic Libraries

Collection Shift from Print > Electronic + Digital E-journal transition largely complete Circulation of print collections slowing Large-scale investment in e-books

Technical infrastructure support: Need better tools for access to complex multi-

format collections Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections Demands for enterprise integration and

interoperability

Software as a Service Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern

approach One copy of the code base serves multiple

sites Software functionality delivered entirely

through Web interfaces No workstation clients

Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments

Data as a service SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared

data models Bibliographic knowledgebase: one globally

shared copy that serves all libraries Discovery indexes: article and object-level index

for resource discovery E-resource knowledge bases: shared

authoritative repository of e-journal holdings General opportunity to move away from library-

by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows

Traditional model of Automation Oriented to Print collections Single Library System

Includes branches or divisional facilities Automation strategies often set when

capabilities of automation systems were limited

Institutional solo of collection management

Reconceptualization of Automation Current organization of functionality based on

past assumptions Possible new organizing principles

Fulfillment = Circulation + ILL + DCB + e-commerce

Resource management = Cataloging + Acquisitions + Serials + ERM

Customer Relationship Management = Reference + Circulation + ILL (public services)

Enterprise Resource Planning = Acquisitions + Collection Development

Fragmented Library Management LMS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and local

government or other parent organization E-book lending platform (multiple?) Interlibrary loan (borrowing and lending) Self-service and AMH infrastructure Electronic Resource Management PC Scheduling and print management Event scheduling Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool,

etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections No effective integration services / interoperability among

disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Is the status quo sustainable? ILS for management of (mostly) print Duplicative financial systems between library and campus Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to

full-text electronic articles Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm,

DigiTool, etc.) Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) Discovery-layer services for broader access to library

collections No effective integration services / interoperability among

disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Integrated (for print) Library System

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransact User Vendor Policies$$$

Funds

Cataloging Acquisitions Serials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Interfaces

BusinessLogic

DataStores

LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$

Funds

CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming Interfaces`

LicenseManagement

LicenseTerms

E-resourceProcurement

VendorsE-JournalTitles

Protocols: CORE

Common approach for ERM

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding / Items

CircTransactUserVendor Policies$$$

Funds

CatalogingAcquisitionsSerials OnlineCatalog

Public Interfaces:

Application Programming Interfaces

Budget License Terms

Titles / Holdings

Vendors

Access Details

Gaps in Automation Almost no systematic automation

support for references and research services Customer Relationship Management?

Resource sharing / Interlibrary loan management

Collection development support

Academic Libraries need a new model of library management

Not an Integrated Library System or Library Management System

The ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections

Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collections

Other library automation products evolved: Electronic Resource Management Systems –

OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

Comprehensive Resource Management No longer sensible to use different software

platforms for managing different types of library materials

ILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient model

Flexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Support for management of metadata in bulk Continuous lifecycle chain initiated before

publication

Library Services Platform Library-specific software. Designed to help libraries

automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services

Services Service oriented architecture Exposes Web services and other API’s Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users

Platform General infrastructure for library automation Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to

extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Library Services Platform Characteristics

Highly Shared data models Knowledgebase architecture Some may take hybrid approach to accommodate local

data stores Delivered through software as a service

Multi-tenant Unified workflows across formats and media Flexible metadata management

MARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIX Bibframe New structures not yet invented

Open APIs for extensibility and interoperability

Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldShare

Management Services

Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform

Kuali OLE

Responsible Organization

OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions

Innovative Interfaces, Inc

Kuali Foundation

Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.

Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model

Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS

Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows

Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure

Software model

Proprietary Proprietary

Proprietary Proprietary Open Source

Library Services PlatformsCategory WorldShare

Management Services

Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform

Kuali OLE

Responsible Organization

OCLC. Ex Libris Serials Solutions

Innovative Interfaces, Inc

Kuali Foundation

Key precepts Global network-level approach to management and discovery.

Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic, digital; Hybrid data model

Knowledgebase driven. Pure multi-tenant SaaS

Service-oriented architectureTechnology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows

Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure

Software model

Proprietary Proprietary

Proprietary Proprietary Open Source

Consolidated indexUnified Presentation LayerSearch:

Digital Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO…

JSTOR

Other Resour

ces

New Library Management Model

`API Layer

Library Services Platform

LearningManageme

nt

Enterprise ResourcePlanning

StockManageme

nt

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Discovery

Service

Integrated Library Systems? ILS products continue to evolve Continue to be appropriate for libraries with

active physical collections Public Libraries

Development trajectory must include Integration of e-book lending Service-oriented architecture Improved support for non-print materials

Evolved ILS will eventually resemble library services platforms

Development ScheduleWorldShare Management Services

Alma Intota Sierra Services Platform

Kuali OLE

General Release in July 2011~200 now in productionFirst ARL member in production in June 2014

329 libraries have signed for Alma. Over 200 in production

Libraries in production by 2015

336 contracts completed, many libraries in production (~250?)

Version 1.0 released Dec 2013Version 2.0 underwaySummer 2014 implementations planned byUniversity of Chicago and Lehigh University

New Metadata management WorkFlows

Moving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata

Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed

Manage metadata in bulk when possible E-book collections

Highly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.

Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data Path emerging for linked data in resource management and

discovery systems AACR2 > RDA MARC > BIBFRAME (http://bibframe.org/)

Metadata Management MARC-based cataloging prospects

Library collections shifting to electronic and digital

Many components of collections appropriately described with other formats: Dublin Core, VRA,

RDA Resource Description and Access

http://www.loc.gov/aba/rda/ Major change relative to resources

devoted to transition Minor impact relative to operational and

strategic use of metadata

BIBFRAME Emerged from the Initiative for Bibliographic

Transformation of the Library of Congress http://www.loc.gov/bibframe/ bibframe.org

Replacement for MARC (Machine Readable Cataloging), but broader in scope

Encoded using RDF (Resource Description Framework)

Major departure from MARC Today more conceptual than operational

New Technical processing workflows Demand-driven acquisitions Managing records in bulk Personnel Resources distributed among

acquiring and describing electronic, print, and digital resources Resource allocation should be loosely

proportionate to collection budgets and high-level strategies

New systems provide more flexibility to handle multiple families of metadata

Progress on Resource Discovery

Online Catalog

Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level

Not in scope: Articles Book Chapters Digital objects Web site content Etc.

Scope of SearchSearch:

Search Results

ILS Data

Web-scale Index-based DiscoverySearch:

Digital Collections

Web Site Content

Institutional

Repositories

…E-Journals

Reference Sources

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Consolidated Index

ILS Data

Aggregated Content packages

(2009- present)

Usage-generate

dData

Customer

Profile

Open Access

Bento Box Discovery ModelSearch:

Digital Collections

Web Site Content

Institutional

Repositories

E-JournalsSearch Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Consolidated IndexILS Data

Aggregated Content packages

Open AccessVuFind /

Blacklight

TrendDemise of the local catalog

Many library services platforms do not include the concept of an online catalog dedicated to local physical inventory

Designed for discovery services as public-facing interface

Implication: Discovery service must incorporate detailed functionality for local materials and related services

Trend

Tendency toward re-alignment with

management systems Alma + Primo / Primo Central Sierra + Encore WorldCat Local + WorldShare

Management Services Intota + Summon

Convergence Discovery and Management solutions will

increasingly be implemented as matched sets Ex Libris: Primo + Primo Central <->Alma ProQuest: Summon <-> Intota OCLC: WorldCat Discovery Service <-> WorldShare

Platform Except: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service

Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge bases

API’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

TrendContent providers cooperate with

discovery service providers for indexing in Web-scale services

New content partnerships continue to be announced

Web-scale discovery service providers assert that most scholarship in English now well covered and are now focusing on international and specialized resources

Development and Deployment Strategies

Open source and Open Access Open source development of platform

services Open source infrastructure components Open APIs to expose platform services Knowledge base components

Open access Community maintained Adequately resourced

Open Source Integrated Library Systems

Alternative model of library systems development Koha Evergreen Kuali OLE

Open Systems Achieving openness has risen as the key

driver behind library technology strategies Libraries need to do more with their data Ability to improve customer experience and

operational efficiencies Demand for Interoperability Open source – full access to internal

program of the application Open API’s – expose programmatic

interfaces to data and functionality

Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS Aleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris, BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.se LIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxy

Traditional Open Source ILS Evergreen, Koha

New generation Library Services Platforms Ex Libris Alma Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud) OCLC WorldShare Management Services, Serials Solutions Intota Innovative Interfaces Sierra (evolving)

Competing Models of Library Automation

Library Automation in the Cloud Almost all library automation vendors offer

some form of “cloud-based” services Server management moves from library to

Vendor Subscription-based business model Comprehensive annual subscription

payment Offsets local server purchase and maintenance Offsets some local technology support

Leveraging the Cloud Moving legacy systems to hosted

services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformation

Globally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.

Development / Deployment perspective

Beginning of a new cycle of transition Over the course of the next decade,

academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platforms

Not just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Changing models of Resource Sharing

Progressive consolidation of library services

Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus

Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions

Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /

Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent

colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

BibliographicDatabase

Library System

Branch 1

Branch 2

Branch 3

Branch 4

Branch 5

Branch 6

Branch 7

Branch 8

Holdings

Main Facility

Search:

Integrated Library System

Patrons useCirculation featuresto request itemsfrom other branches

Floating Collectionsmay reduce workload forInter-branchtransfers

Model:Multi-branchIndependentLibrary System

Library Consortia Groups of libraries want to work together

to share an automation system Number of participants limited by the

perceived capacities of the automation system

Shared Infrastructure Common discovery

Retention of local automation systems Technical complex with moderate

operational benefits Common discovery + Resource

Management Systems Shared Resource management with local

discovery options

BibliographicDatabase

Shared Consortia System

Library 2

Library 3

Library 4

Library 5

Library 7

Library 8

Library 9

Library 10

Holdings

Library 1 Library 6

Shared Consortial ILS

Search:

Model:Multipleindependentlibraries in aConsortiumShare an ILS

ILS configuredTo supportDirect consortialBorrowing throughCirculation Module

Progressive consolidation of library services

Centralization of technical infrastructure of multiple libraries within a campus

Resource sharing support Direct borrowing among partner institutions

Shared infrastructure between institutions Examples: 2CUL (Columbia University /

Cornell University) Orbis Cascade Alliance (37 independent

colleges and universities to merge into shared LSP)

2CUL

Shared Services:Collection DevelopmentTechnical Services

Shared Infrastructure?:

Orbis Cascade Alliance 37 Academic Libraries Combined enrollment of 258,000 9 million titles 1997: implemented dual INN-Reach

systems Orbis and Cascade consortia merged in

2003 Currently working on implementation of

shared system

Iceland Libraries

Chile

Norway: BIBSYS Provides automation services for:

National Library of Norway 105 Academic and Special Libraries

History of local system development Originally selected WorldShare Platform for

new generation system development (Nov 2010) and later withdrew (Oct 2012)

Primo implemented for Discovery (May 2013) Alma selected for new shared infrastructure

(Jan 2014)

Questions and discussion