The Evolution of Design Methodologies for GIS

The Evolution of Design Methodologies

for GIS

Todd BacastowJanuary 2009

Tomlinson 1960s – 1980s

Requirements

Req’t vs Constraints

Organization

Review

Comments• Begins with Vision• Requirement Driven• Linear• Req’t vs. Constraints• Feedback

Calkins 1970s – 1980s

Initiation

Software Analysis and Design

Performance

Hardware Analysis and Design

Data Analysis and Design

Implementation

Comments• Divide• Linear• Incremental • Feedback• Stakeholder participation

Marble and Wilcox 1991



Initiation

Analysis

Design

Implementation

Comments• Organizational changes• General to the specific• Best over the ideal• User acceptance

Peuquet & Bacastow 1991Initiation

Analysis Design

Implementation

Analysis Design

NYS 1997

Analysis

Design

Initiation ?? Implementation

Comments

• Lots of approaches• All have good and bad

Lesson 2 Review Questions

• Who are the typical stakeholders in a geospatial system? What are their roles?

• Explain why a system owner is particular important to a geospatial system?

• What are the differences between the role of system analysts and the role of the rest of the stakeholders? Stephanie Potts

• What kind of knowledge and skills should a system analyst possess?

• In addition to computing knowledge that system analysts should possess, what are the other essential skills that they need to effectively complete their jobs in geospatial system development?

• What are the four steps in Whitten’s system development process? How does this compare to Tomlinson? J. Earwood

• Why is system initiation essential in the system development process?

• Why do we need to identify the spatial system architecture?

• How are the business perspectives and the technology perspectives of a spatial system related?

• Why is an understanding of the system's functions an essential building block of a geospatial information system? m. beckley

• What is user’s dialogue?

• Why has the inherently natural use of the graphical user interface GUI in geospatial systems complicated the design process for system designers?

• Explain why having a standardized system development process is important to an organization performing spatial activities.

• How are system life cycle and system development methodology related in spatial system design?

• What are the 10 underlying principles for systems development?

• Why are process management and project management necessary?

• What is risk management? Is this particularly necessary with geospatial design projects?

• Which stakeholders initiate most projects? What is the impetus for most geospatial projects?

• Who are the main participants in the scope definition in a spatial system? What are their goals in the scope definition?

• What are the three most important deliverables in scope definition?

• Who are the main participants in the requirements analysis phase when developing a spatial system? Why are they the main participants?

• What feasibility analyses are made in the decision analysis?• What is model-driven development?

• Why is model-driven development popular?• Give an example of CASE use in GIS development.