The ever existing gaps in indian research –

Ever Filled Gaps in Indian Research – My Observations With CSE Perspective and possible next century research avenues.

Dr. N.B. VenkateswarluVisiting Fellow of Univ of Leeds, UK

ISTE Visiting Fellow-2010-11Former Faculty Member of BITS,Pilani

Currently at: AITAM, Tekkali

What I am going to cover?

Simple recap of my CSE careerPresentation of future predictions of worldAdvises/points for possible CSE research careers

This is just a simple recap of my 29 years of Comp Sci. life.

సి0హావలోకన0

May be, my talk is both critique and progressive.

విమర్శ కులు (Critique)వికటకవి( తెనాలిరామలి0 గము వలెనే)

My research career started at IITK. Of course, my migration to Computer Science also took place there.

However, my foundation in Computer Science was built while I was at BITS, Pilani.

Do you know how we used to get digital data (images) for our image processing research?

We used to draw a grid on the wall. Draw letters of a transparency sheet and project it through overhead projector (OHP). Then, we used to literlly count in which cell (on the wall) has letter portion and which is not.

Some of my frustrations and

AVIRIS(224 channels), HIRIS data.

An ant movement can be tracked by us. A statement given by US in late 1980’s which is true now.

Do you know?

How we used to get SW during our Ph.D time?

Answer: through ftpmailer. I mean when we send an email to a ftp server, it sends required file in pieces, which we need to assemble.

I wanted to assemble a parallel computer using 8085 processor. I left IIT and joined BITS, Pilani.

Prof Roger Boyle once said “Venkat, We (UK) is 15 years behind US always”. Then, I got doubt what about India?

My recent experiences.

In connection with one Ph.d student, I wrote to at least 10-15 Institutes to give permission to use their multi-core facilities. Hardly, one replied and accepted with hundreds of queries.I want to spend few months at some Company under TEQUIP visit- Not a single company replied. After all, I wanted a table to sit in their office!!.

Indian way of dealing priority areas:

Bio-Tech has goneNano-Tech arrived and dis-appearedMay be, IT has been prevailing somehow in some fashion.

CSE Examples

Data MiningBio-InformaticsCloud…..Big Data …..

Thaiwan example

Nanotechnology mission is asked to identify some examples to be taught in school.

Let me share with you the predications of technological innovations in the coming years.

What we have achieved as of now?

We are able to transmit messagesWe are able to exchange voicesWe are able to exchange photos, videosWe are able to transmit smellWe are able to sense smell around usOf course, we do need to achieve tele-portation

http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20130102-tomorrows-world

Cognitive Sciences

In 1990 Congress and President George H. W. Bush proclaimed the beginning of the “Decade of the Brain,” intended “to enhance public awareness of the benefits to be derived from brain research.”  Last year the Obama administration announced the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, with a funding level of more than $100 million in 2014. It joins the Human Brain Project, a $1.6-billion, 10-year effort funded by the European Union.

https://www.washington.edu/alumni/columns/june98/technology.html

In future, perhaps many of our appliances may be powered by the metabolism of our own bodies.

It reminds me some telugu cinema, where Bakta vama deva makes his body as baking owen(stove) to prepare rotis.

As a result of a new understandings of how our bodies work, the better nutrition and a complete mapping of the human genome, those that are born near the 22nd century can expect lifetimes of perhaps several hundred years. 

Preventive medicine will begin in the womb with gene therapy. We can expect organ replacement and repairing of fractured DNA to be commonplace. 

Sensors and computers will be implanted within our bodies and embedded within the very fabric of what we wear, in the walls of our home and in our places of business. 

Money will not be needed

 ... just our physical characteristics act as a "fingerprint" to signal our identity with electronic processing of transactions that automatically adjusts our instantaneous net worth. 

No need of physical prisons!!

Since we will be able to track the identity of everybody with sensors within our environment, the nature of crime will change ... indeed, prisons as we know them will become obsolete as we will use new therapies to rehabilitate.

Do we need to move in future at all?

Synthesize 3-D spaces.Our transportation systems will become more efficient, and less polluting.

Transportation

2075-2100: Faster-than-light travel is developed. Scientists have selected fusion power and zero-point energy as the most probable technologies that could enable spaceships to break the light-speed barrier.For example, a 2070s hyper-drive vessel or 2080s warp-speed ship might reach Alpha Centauri (four light-years away) in just 30 days, or make the six-month trip to Mars in three hours. Officials at NASA’s Glenn Research Center have explored other options to travel faster than light-speeds and believe that, in a distant future, humans may even harness wormholes, enabling instant access to vast distances in space.

 At present, millions of medical devices are implanted in humans each year. These include pacemakers, blood vessel replacements, hip joints, eye lens implants, drainage tubes, heart valves and cochlear implants. The devices save lives and improve the quality of life. But they never work as well as the original part being replaced. Basically, the body views most of the materials we now use as "foreign objects" and simply walls them off. Thus, we get aberrant healing and poor mechanical and electrical communication between the implant and the body. The path to the future of medical implants demands that the body recognize these devices as "natural" and heal them in a facile manner.

Envision prosthetic limbs that heal into the skin for a bacterial seal, the bone for mechanical support and the nerves for control. An artificial heart that functions about as well as a healthy natural heart would--extending hundreds of thousands of lives. A robust artificial pancreas could improve the quality of life for millions, as could an electronics-electrode array artificial eye for the vision impaired. Finally, can "dip-stick" diagnostic devices be built that offer early home detection of cancers and other life-threatening conditions? The potential now exists to engineer synthetic surfaces so that they control biological reactions with precision. Thus, we can imagine creating a new generation of biomaterials that might revolutionize health care and diagnostics.--UW Engineered Biomaterials Director Buddy D. Ratner

By 2050, bold pioneers begin replacing their biology with nonbiological muscles, bones, organs, and brains. Non-bio bodies automatically self-repair when damaged. In fatal accidents (or acts of violence), consciousness and memories can be transferred into a new body, and victims simply continue life in their new body. Death is now considered no more disruptive than a brief mental lapse. Most patients are not even aware they had died. Built labor-free with nanofactories, non-bio body parts are easily affordable.

Sorry Einstein: Biology Replaces Physics as Science's Top Dog

Physics, long the dominant determinant of thought and ideas in science, has been displaced by the biological sciences which display the extraordinary complexity that defies or belies many of the ideas promoted by physicists and chemists through which much of our ideas in the present century have been promoted. Hence I predict new modalities of thought in which systems analysis or concepts involving organized networks of cellular processes will come to the forefront of the biological sciences. Of course, early in the next century, much of the so-called Human Genome Project will have been completed with the promised "encyclopedia of genetic information". However, along with that will be the evidence that knowledge of the genome and its constituent genes does not give knowledge of how the living cell or organism is constructed and the multiple types of physiological processes are regulated. Hopefully the next century will see a more appropriate and detailed construction of the probabilistic schemes or networks of the living process rather than the simplistic and absolutist ways of current thinking. 

http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a3120/110-predictions-for-the-next-110-years/

http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/a3120/110-predictions-for-the-next-110-years/

 Digital "ants" will protect the U.S. power grid from cyber attacks. Programmed to wander networks in search of threats, the high-tech sleuths in this software, developed by Wake Forest University security expert Errin Fulp, leave behind a digital trail modeled after the scent streams of their real-life cousins. When a digital ant designed to perform a task spots a problem, others rush to the location to do their own analysis. If operators see a swarm, they know there's trouble.

Your genome will be sequenced before you are born

. Researchers led by Jay Shendure of the University of Washington recently reconstructed the genome of a fetus using saliva from the father and a blood sample from the mother (which yielded free-floating DNA from the child). Blood from the umbilical cord later confirmed that the sequencing was 98 percent accurate. Once the price declines, this procedure will allow us to do noninvasive prenatal testing.

Drugs will be tested on "organ chips" that mimic the human body

. Now undergoing trials in 15 research institutions, the new silicon chips feature channels that house living kidney or lung cells, above. Simulated blood and oxygen flow allows them to mirror the actions of real organs, reducing the need for animal testing and speeding up drug development—in the midst of a pandemic, that would be crucial.

Fusion of People and Machines

Mind uploading

 Supercomputers will be the size of sugar cubes.

· The trick is to redesign the computer chip. Instead of the standard side-by-side model in use today, IBM researchers believe they can stack and link tomorrow's chips via droplets of nanoparticle-infused liquid. This would eliminate wires and draw away heat. What it won't do is help you remember where you left your tiny computer before you went to bed.

Floating Cities in the oceans.

Femtoengineering is going to lead.

http://www.futuretimeline.net/22ndcentury/2100-2149.htm#femtoengineering

Technology on the scale of quadrillionths of a metre (10 -15) has recently emerged.* This is three orders of magnitude smaller than picotechnologyand six orders of magnitude smaller than nanotechnology.Engineering at this scale involves working directly with the finest known structures of matter – such as quarks and strings – to manipulate the properties of atoms. This development is a further step towards macro-scale teleportation, i.e. transportation of objects visible to the naked eye. Significant breakthroughs in anti-gravity and force field generation will also result from this.Another area that will see major progress is in materials technology. For example, metals will be produced which are capable of withstanding truly enormous pressures and tensile forces. The applications for this will be endless, but perhaps one of the most exciting areas will be in the exploration of hostile environments – such as probes capable of travelling within the Sun itself, and tunnelling machines that can penetrate the Earth's crust into the layers of magma beneath. Longer term, this development will pave the way for interstellar ships and the massive forces involved in lightspeed travel.Other more exotic materials are becoming possible – including wholly transparent metals, highly luminous metals, frictionless surfaces, and ultradense but extremely lightweight structures. As with many areas of science, femtoengineering is being guided by advanced AI, which is now trillions of times more powerful than unaided human intelligence.

Earthquakes and Tsunamis will be made in human hand!

By now, geophysicists have mapped the entirety of the Earth's crust and its faults, extending some 50 km (30 mi) below the surface. Computer simulations can forecast exactly when and where an earthquake will occur and its precise magnitude. With a "scheduling" system now in place, comprehensive preventative measures can be taken against these disasters.For instance, people know when to stay out of the weakest buildings, away from the bridges most likely to collapse and otherwise away from anything that might harm them. Rescue and repair workers can be on duty, with vacations cancelled and extra workers brought in from other areas. Workers can be geared up with extra equipment ordered in advance to fix key structures that may fail in an earthquake. Freeways can be emptied. Dangerous chemical freight can be prevented from passing through populated areas during the quake. Aircraft can be stopped from approaching a potentially damaged runway. Weak water reservoirs can have their water levels lowered in advance. Tourists can be made to stay away. All of these measures can substantially reduce casualties and economic disruption.However, some nations are going one step further and creating additional systems, in the form of gigantic engineering projects. To protect the most earthquake-prone regions, a network of "lubrication wells" is being established. These man-made channels penetrate deep underground, to the very edge of the mantle. They work by injecting nanotechnology-based fluid or gel into fault lines, making it easier for rock layers to slide past each other. Explosive charges can also be dropped at strategic points, in zones where the lubrication might be less effective. Instead of sudden, huge earthquakes, the network induces a series of much smaller earthquakes. Using this method, an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 can be buffered down to magnitude 4.0 or lower, causing little or no damage to structures on the surface. In coastal locations, tsunamis can also be prevented.This is a carefully controlled process – requiring heavy use of AI – and is by no means perfect. There are complex legal and liability issues in the event of accidents. For instance, damage from human-induced earthquakes cannot be excused as an "act of God."

Super Computing- Tianhe-2 (33.86Peta Flops)

Trinity and Hazel-Hen of Cray

http://www.hpcwire.com/2015/10/05/the-revolution-in-the-lab-is-overwhelming-it/

An excellent, though admittedly high-end, example of the growing complexity of computational tools being contemplated and developed in life science research is presented by the European Union Human Brain Project[ii] (HBP). Among its lofty goals are creation of six information and communications technology (ICT) platforms intended to enable “large-scale collaboration and data sharing, reconstruction of the brain at different biological scales, federated analysis of clinical data to map diseases of the brain, and development of brain-inspired computing systems.”The elements of the planned HPC platform include[iii]:Neuroinformatics: a data repository, including brain atlases.Brain Simulation: building ICT models and simulations of brains and brain components.Medical Informatics: bringing together information on brain diseases.Neuromorphic Computing: ICT that mimics the functioning of the brain.Neurorobotics: testing brain models and simulations in virtual environments.HPC Infrastructure: hardware and software to support the other Platforms.

Thanks