The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Surveyeurogoos.eu/download/reference_documents_/Pub_4Marine... · 2018-08-14 · EuroGOOS Personnel Chairman J D Woods Imperial College, London, UK

EuroGOOS Publication No. 4January 1998

EG97.14

The EuroGOOSMarine TechnologySurvey

Published by:

EuroGOOS Office, Room 346/18Southampton Oceanography CentreEmpress Dock, SouthamptonSO14 3ZH, UKTel: +44 (0)1703 596 242 or 262Fax: +44 (0)1703 596 399E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/OTHERS/EUROGOOS/eurogoosindex.html

© EuroGOOS 1998

First published 1998

ISBN 0-904175-29-4

To be cited as:J Bosman, N C Flemming, N Holden and K Taylor (1998) “The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Survey”,EuroGOOS Publication No. 4, Southampton Oceanography Centre, Southampton. ISBN 0-904175-29-4

Cover picture

Large image: “A water perspective of Europe”, courtesy of Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. Thewhite lines show the watershed boundaries between the different catchment areas flowing into the regional seas ofEurope.

Inset image: Height of the sea surface in the north Atlantic and Arctic simulated by the OCCAM global ocean model,courtesy of David Webb, James Rennell Division, Southampton Oceanography Centre.

EuroGOOS Personnel

Chairman J D Woods Imperial College, London, UK

Officers H Dahlin SMHI, SwedenL Droppert RIKZ, The NetherlandsM Glass IFREMER, FranceD Kohnke BSH, GermanyS Vallerga CNR, ItalyC Tziavos (Chairman TPWG) NCMR, GreeceD Prandle (Chairman SAWG) POL, UK

Secretariat N C Flemming (Director) Southampton Oceanography Centre, UKM Gauthier (Deputy Director) IFREMER, FranceS M Marine (Secretary) Southampton Oceanography Centre, UK

Existing and forthcoming EuroGOOS Publications:

1. Strategy for EuroGOOS 1996 ISBN 0-904175-22-72. EuroGOOS Annual Report 1996 ISBN 0-904175-25-13. The EuroGOOS Plan 1997 ISBN 0-904175-26-X4. The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Survey ISBN 0-904175-29-45. The EuroGOOS brochure, 19976. The Science Base of EuroGOOS ISBN 0-90417530-87. Proceedings of the Hague Conference, 1997, Elsevier ISBN 0-444-82892-38. The EuroGOOS Extended Plan ISBN 0-904175-32-49. EuroGOOS Atlantic Workshop report ISBN 0-904175-33-210. EuroGOOS Annual Report, 1997 ISBN 0-904175-34-011. Mediterranean Forecasting System report ISBN 0-904175-35-912. Requirements Survey analysis ISBN 0-904175-36-713. The EuroGOOS Technology Plan Working Group Report ISBN 0-904175-37-5

TheEuroGOOSMarine TechnologySurvey

by J Bosman, N C Flemming, N Holden and K Taylor

Contents

Preface: How to use this report ................................................................................. 1

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 2

Introduction................................................................................................................... 4

Results from the EuroGOOS Technology Survey Database..................................... 5

Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5

Statistics of the replies to the survey questionnaire ....................................................................... 5Number of replies by Category ................................................................................................................ 5Operational status ..................................................................................................................................... 5Distribution of replies............................................................................................................................... 6Price information ...................................................................................................................................... 6Variables included.................................................................................................................................... 7

Generic characteristics of instrument use and variables measured....................... 9

Geographic scale (All Categories) Table 6 .................................................................................. 9

Frequency of citation of variables being measured by instruments etc. (Category A) Table 7a .... 9

Quality control (QC) systems in instruments etc. (Category A) Table 8 ..................................... 9

Frequency of citation of variables handled in data management systems (Category D) Table 9. 9

Data required to run operational models (Category E) Tables 10 & 11....................................... 9

Frequency of citation of variables as output predictions from operational numerical models(Category E) Table 12 ................................................................................................................. 10

Frequency of citation of variables included in data products (Category F) Table 13 ................ 10

Variables cited in instruments and sensors under different stages of operational developmentfrom research to fully operational (Category A) Table 14 ........................................................ 10

End uses of EuroGOOS data and products (Category F) Table 15 ............................................ 11

Objectives for numerical forecasting (Category E) Table 17.................................................... 11

Conclusion.................................................................................................................. 12

Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... 12

Appendix - Tables 6 - 22 ........................................................................................... 13

Annexe 1 - Contact addresses for EuroGOOS Members ....................................... 43

Annexe 2 - EuroGOOS Variable List ........................................................................ 46

Preface: How to use this Report

1

Operational oceanography depends absolutelyupon the availability of reliable, robust, low-maintenance, and cost-effective instrumenta-tion. An operational service which obtains datafrom the coastal seas and deep ocean, andprocesses the data in order to provide nowcastsand forecasts in real time must be able to relyupon its instrumentation and field observations.Deployment and maintenance of instrumentsand equipment has to be managed according toa planned schedule, and maintenance costs mustbe kept to a minimum.

The organisations which are Members ofEuroGOOS, and their associated agencies, havea great deal of experience of purchasinginstrumentation for operational use, the fielddeployment and maintenance of instrumenta-tion, and an understanding of the working lifecycle of instrumentation under operationalconditions. Nevertheless, this experience tendsto be restricted within each laboratory andagency, or even to individuals and smallsections within laboratories. There is very littleopportunity for technical staff and managersresponsible for operational observations to gettogether and share their experience.

The EuroGOOS Technology Plan WorkingGroup Marine Technology Survey is designed,at least in part, to solve this problem.

We have asked every agency in EuroGOOS tolist the instruments, instrument platforms, datatransmission systems, and operational modelswhich they use regularly. In each case theyhave provided information on the reliability,costs of routine operation, and some of theproblems which they have experienced. In mostcases, simply by indicating that they are regularusers of an item of equipment, this amounts tosome endorsement or confirmation that theequipment is reasonably reliable, or worthconsidering.

The key tables which list actual instruments,platforms, devices, and the agencies which usethem are Tables 21 and 22 in the Appendix.If you wish to obtain more information about adevice than that shown in the tables of thisreport, please contact:

N HoldenEnvironment Agency,National Centre for Instrumentation and MarineSurveillanceRivers House, Lower Bristol RoadBath, Avon, BA2 9ES, UK.Tel: +44 (0)1278 457333Fax: +44 (0) 1225 469939Email: [email protected]

This report is also available on the EuroGOOSWeb page on: http://www.soc.soton.ac.uk/OTHERS/EUROGOOS/eurogoosindex.html.

This report combines all the results of thesurvey in statistical form, showing thefrequency with which different types ofinstrument were used, the variables measured,and the different environments in which thework was carried out. The tables and statisticsenable the reader to identify those instrumentsused most frequently, and to identify thelaboratory or EuroGOOS Member agencywhere that instrument has been used. Forobvious reasons in a report of this size it is notpossible to include detailed comments on theperformance of individual instruments orsensors. If you wish to obtain this informationplease contact the number shown above, andrequest the data from the original responseform. If this information is not sufficient, theEnvironment Agency will provide the name ofthe contact person who originally provided theinformation, and you can consult them directly.See Annexe 1 for contact details of EuroGOOSMember agencies.

Summary

2

During the 1993 United Nations Conference onthe Environment and Development (UNCED) atRio de Janeiro, International Waters includingcoastal seas were defined as one of the fourthemes for future action. To further this aim, theGlobal Ocean Observing System (GOOS) wasestablished by several United Nations Bodies.EuroGOOS is the association of EuropeanMarine Institutions with the objective ofsupporting the European components of GOOSand to maximise for Europe the benefitsderiving from the application of marineenvironmental information. These objectives areenhanced by a concerted European approach tooperational oceanography including collabora-tion towards achieving common and identifiedpriorities. This includes the technology andsystems used within this field of operation.

The Technology Plan Working Group (TPWG)is one of two working groups supportingEuroGOOS. Its objectives include identifyingtechnology which is fully operational, underdevelopment now or needed in the foreseeablefuture. As a part of its work and to obtainnecessary information, a survey was carried outby distributing questionnaires amongEuroGOOS members and other groupspractising operational oceanography in Europe.Individual questionnaires were prepared for sixdifferent Categories of technology described inthe first section of the report.

A total of 260 replies were received and theresponses were considered and tabulated in anumber of different ways. These are set out inTables 1 - 22. Almost half or the replies werefor a single Category (Measuring devices,sensors and instruments) and 214 for equipmentor systems described as "Fully operational".Specific comments on each of the Tables areincluded in the second and third sections of themain text. However, some more generalconclusions may also be made.

Data on a wide range of physical, chemical,biochemical, biological and opticaloceanographic variables are reported byEuroGOOS Members to be measured, stored,processed and distributed. Input to numericalmodels concentrates on physical parameters

although some models may be used to predictnon-physical parameters. The inclusion of non-physical parameters seems to be a major part ofthe technical frontier of numerical modelling.

The range of operational instrumentation showsa need for development in the measurement,directly or indirectly of nutrients, primaryproductivity, suspended sediments andpetroleum contaminants. However, actualdevelopments in measurement are concentratedupon improving the performance for variablesalready being measured operationally ratherthan introducing new parameters. This maysuggest that the user community is largelyconservative and/or that improved reliability,quality and cost are its main requirements.However, there was a lack of response andconsistency to questions on OperationalProcedure and Quality Control even for fullyoperational instruments. This seems to indicatethe need for a common approach withinEuroGOOS to these topics, in order to permitthe exchange of data of demonstrable qualityand thereby facilitate the wider co-operationbetween members which is one of the mainobjectives of the association.

Maximisation of the benefits for Europe ofoperational oceanography is another of theobjectives of EuroGOOS. Data distributionsystems, information products or forecasts fromnumerical models are the main outputs of dataproduced by its members to possible externalusers. Respondents in these Categories wereasked to identify likely uses of the data theyprovide from a list of 117 individual uses(Applications) which was appended to thequestionnaire. These were in 15 Applicationgroups such as Mineral extraction, Engineeringand Basic or strategic research. Only 45 of the117 Applications were cited as using data fromInformation products, these falling into 9 of the15 Application groups. The objectives cited forNumerical models fell into four Applicationgroups. Many aspects of engineering, energyproduction, extraction processes etc. are notreported as using the data. Four entireApplication groups (Tourism & recreation,Mineral extraction, Equipment sales and Algalcollection & culture) are not included as users

3

of either Information products or the output ofNumerical models. Details are set out in Tables15-18. This could indicate the existence of alarge number of possible additional uses for theexisting data or that some changes to thecontent, presentation or availability couldincrease both the breadth of utilisation ofoceanographic data and the benefits whichmight arise.

From the present report users can see whatvariables are being measured most frequently,and which instrument types are being used mostfrequently by which agencies, and for whatapplications.

Data from the survey will be availableelectronically on the EuroGOOS Web page. It isintended to maintain and update the databaseperiodically with additional information. Formore detailed information on instrument use,please contact the manufacturer.

Introduction

4

EuroGOOS is the association of EuropeanMarine Institutions with the main objective tosupport the European components of GOOS tomaximise the benefits for Europe. Thesebenefits arise from the application of marineenvironmental data and forecasts to themanagement of a wide range of industries andservices. More specifically, EuroGOOS aims to:

• establish a concerted European approach tothe planning and implementation of GOOS

• assess the European economic and socialbenefits of operational oceanography

• identify the European priorities foroperational oceanography

• promote the development of scientific andtechnological systems for operationaloceanography; and

• establish methods of collaboration betweenEuropean inter/multi national agencies forthe conduct of operational oceanography

EuroGOOS is supported by two workinggroups, the Science Advisory Working Group(SAWG) and the Technology Plan WorkingGroup (TPWG). The TPWG will specify thetechnological opportunities and challengesapplicable to operational oceanography inEurope. Its main objectives are to identify:

• existing technology which is adequatelydeveloped and tested to support operationaloceanography

• new technology which is under developmentand which is needed by EuroGOOS; and

• gaps in technology which are problematicand which need to be resolved in theforeseeable future

These objectives are considered to be importantin various ways to those involved withoceanography in Europe:

• the end users: to facilitate finding equipmentor systems to meet their specific needs andwhether user experience already exists

• the developer: to identify new technologiesrequiring further development and, possibly,co-operation in multi-national trials

• the manufacturer: to find opportunities fornew products or the manufacture ofsuccessfully developed prototypes

The Technology Survey was begun by theTPWG in the second half of 1995 to meet theseobjectives. It aims to produce a representativeinventory of marine technology relevant tooperational oceanography.

Six separate Categories of technology weredefined and individual questionnaires developedby a lead person for each Category. TheCategories are:

A Measuring devices, sensors andinstruments

B Platforms and carriers (including theircontrol and telemetry systems)

C Support systems (including navigation,switches pingers etc.)

D Telematics, data communications, datamanagement and archiving

E Operational numerical forecasting(including modelling and data assimilation)

F Information products and data productdistribution systems

The purpose of the survey was to review thoseinstruments and systems which are being usedin a "routine" or "operational" role rather thansolely in scientific research. For instruments orsystems to be correctly described as"operational", they should fall within one ormore of the sections below which are relevant tothem.

• can be calibrated within a Quality Controlsystem

• commercially available• suitable user instructions or manuals

available• used routinely within a standardised protocol• has self checking capability• demonstrable reliability.

Results from the EuroGOOSTechnology Survey database

5

Introduction

The responses to the survey comprise asubstantial volume of paper in hard copy, andare held in commercial confidentiality by theEuroGOOS Office. The Access database for thesurvey was designed by the EuroGOOSSecretariat, and the data entered from the formsby the UK Environment Agency NationalCentre for Environmental Data andSurveillance. The results are presented as aseries of tables illustrating first the generalparameters of the data set, then the relationshipbetween categories and the variables measuredor processed, and finally an analysis of

commercial systems by name and type. Forfurther details of the characteristics ofcommercial available equipment readers arerequested to contact either the manufacturer, orthe EuroGOOS agency listed as using thatequipment.

Statistics of the replies to thesurvey questionnaire

The total number of replies received is 260.The distribution of number of replies expressingcomments on each type of device or system isshown in Table 1.

Number of replies by Category

Table 1 Number of replies in the survey referring to each Category of Device

Category Number ofreplies

A. Measuring devices, sensors, instruments 126B. Platforms, carriers 42C. Support systems 23D. Telematics, data communications, data management, archiving 22E. Operational numerical forecasting 28F. Information products and data product distribution systems 19

Total number of replies 260

The balance of replies shows the great interestin sensors and instruments and the very greatdiversity of these devices. All other Categorieshave lower frequency of occurrence but are ofthe same order of magnitude as each other.Note that each single reply does not mean thatonly one instrument is in use. It means that theresponding Agency routinely uses instrumentsof a given type and may have many tens ofdevices in regular use.

Operational status

Each Device in each Category was classifiedaccording to its operational status, as shown inTable 2. The great majority of Devices, 214,were described as fully operational. Sincestatus (iv) is entitled “Research mode only” andthe majority of Devices are described as status(i) "Fully operational", these should be in use ona routine basis by agencies requiring data to berecorded in a standard way every day.Nevertheless, the replies need more carefulanalysis to see how many instruments are stillbeing used only in research cruises.

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Table 2 Operational status of Devices reported in the survey. Categories A-F as in Table 1

Operational Status A B C D E Fi) Fully operational 104 34 22 18 20 16 214ii) Undergoing trials for operational use 10 3 1 3 2 1 20iii) Working model, pre-operational tests,

scientific mode7 1 0 0 3 0 11

iv) Research mode only 2 1 0 0 2 0 5v) Technological principle established 0 1 0 1 1 1 4

No status specified 3 2 0 0 1 6Total 126 42 23 22 28 19 260

Distribution of replies

EuroGOOS has Member agencies in 14countries. Of these, 10 gave replies as shown inTable 3. The survey was conducted only inEnglish and it is possible that the forms werenot distributed to user groups in all countries.

The distribution of replies does not indicateregional differences in the use of instruments orother systems but only in the number of repliescompleted. The uneven bias between countriesshould be taken into account when consideringthe other statistics from the survey and moredetailed analyses.

Table 3 Distribution of replies by country, showing the number of Devices in each Categorydescribed. Categories as in Table 1

Country Category (Table 1) TotalsA B C D E F

Belgium 1 0 0 1 3 1 6Denmark 8 0 0 0 0 1 9Finland 5 1 0 0 0 2 8France 10 8 1 3 2 2 26Germany 10 8 3 0 0 0 21Ireland 1 1 1 0 0 0 3Italy 0 0 0 0 1 0 1The Netherlands 46 12 6 10 18 5 97Spain 27 4 4 1 0 2 38UK 18 8 8 7 4 6 51Totals 126 42 23 22 28 19 260

Price information

Respondents were asked to provide informationon price and costs of operation, whereverpossible. Such information is necessarily rathersubjective and could be out of date. Price andcost information may be from old catalogues, orfrom purchases made several years ago. Costsof monthly or annual operation may include orexclude various overheads and externalities.This report therefore does not include detailedinformation regarding this part of thequestionnaire. All enquiries about costs ofequipment should be made direct to themanufacturers. Nevertheless, just under half of

all the replies in each category do include someinformation on prices and costs. Thisinformation will be regarded as confidential byEuroGOOS, and will only be used byEuroGOOS Members when conductingplanning discussions in EuroGOOS projects. Ifnon-EuroGOOS Members require thisinformation, they should identify a user of theequipment from Table 22 and contact them toenquire about their experience with theequipment. Information on the original formswill only be provided to non-members ofEuroGOOS after agreement is received from themanufacturers of the equipment.

7

Table 4 Number of replies giving information on costs of equipment, and costs of operation

Category Number of formswith price information

A 62B 15C 10D 8E 14F 3

Total 112

Variables included

In the broad sense there is a consistent suite ofvariables, mostly physical oceanographicvariables, which are commonly measured byinstruments, transmitted in telemetry systems,used in numerical models, and delivered in dataproducts. This is demonstrated in Table 5.Whilst this consistency is not in itselfsurprising, or particularly significant, it does atleast confirm that there is a generality of factorswhich are being most frequently measured,processed and delivered as data products. Sincedifferent agencies and individuals filled in thedifferent forms, this consistency is genuinelyconfirmed by the survey.

The differences between the columns in Table 5confirm a number of points about the status ofoperational oceanography at present. Numericalmodels are predominantly physical in natureand require a considerable range ofmeteorological forcing fields, whilstassimilating generally sea surface physical

parameters and factors describing air-seainteraction, such as heat flux and precipitation.Biological, biogeochemical, chemical andoptical variables rank much lower in thecolumns describing input to modelling than inthe other columns of Table 5. As mentioned inthe comments on Table 12, the output fromnumerical models is more likely to includebiological and biogeochemical data than theoperational real-time input. Reference back toTables 10 and 12 shows that operationalnumerical models are beginning to includechemical, biological, and optical properties.This confirms the technical frontier, or growthpoint, of the present state of numericalmodelling. The lower half of the Tables7,9,10,12 and 13 indicate the growth area wherepresent routine systems are not able to copewith the listed variables on a regular basis. Thisarea is the key area for growth in the immediatefuture, and most of the frontier parametersdefined here have been identified in principle in‘The Strategy for EuroGOOS’.

Table 5 The first 20 ranked variables from Tables 7, 9, 10, 12 and 13 are listed in Table 5. The successive columns show the first 20 ranked variables fromCategory A (Instruments and sensors), Category D (Data transmission), Category E (Data input to numerical models), Category E (Data output from numericalmodels) and Category F (Data products).

Category A Category D Category E - In Category E - Out Category FNo. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name

001 Sea surface temperature 001 Sea surface temperature 016 Hourly mean sealevel/Instantaneous

016 Hourly mean sealevel/Instantaneous

001 Sea surface temperature

003 Current Velocity 011 Wave height 118 Suspended sediments 013 Wave swell 008 Sea surface salinity016 Hourly mean sea

level/Instantaneous012 Wave Period 152 Wind speed 118 Suspended sediments 097 Chlorophyll & Fluorescence

097 Chlorophyll &Fluorescence

016 Hourly mean sealevel/Instantaneous

001 Sea surface temperature 010 Wave direction spectrum 011 Wave height

011 Wave height 003 Current Velocity 002 Sea surface Wind speedor direction

011 Wave height 003 Current Velocity

079 Bathymetry 098 Nitrate 003 Current Velocity 009 Wave spectrum 016 Hourly mean sealevel/Instantaneous

008 Sea surfacesalinity/CTD

100 Oxygen 008 Sea surface salinity 003 Current Velocity 010 Wave direction spectrum

027 Upper ocean salinity 099 Phosphate 153 Wind direction 033 Salt transport 012 Wave Period012 Wave Period 002 Sea surface Wind speed or

direction151 Atmospheric pressure 012 Wave Period 004 Current Direction

004 Current Direction 137 Year-long time series 010 Wave direction spectrum 001 Sea surface temperature 098 Nitrate100 Oxygen 004 Current Direction 011 Wave height 038 Surface currents 002 Sea surface Wind speed or

direction118 Suspended sediments 072 Deep ocean salinity 005 Heat flux 106 Artificial radionuclides 101 Silicate071 CTD sections 101 Silicate 007 Precipitation 098 Nitrate 118 Suspended sediments121 Transmissivity 152 Wind speed 092 Stratification 110 PAHs 109 Trace metals152 Wind speed 155 Air temperature 013 Wave swell 104 Pathogens 009 Wave spectrum151 Atmospheric pressure 151 Atmospheric pressure 155 Air temperature 107 Petroleum hydrocarbons 020 Oceanic tides009 Wave spectrum 097 Chlorophyll &

Fluorescence097 Chlorophyll &

Fluorescence111 Pharmaceutical wastes 100 Oxygen

153 Wind direction 071 CTD sections 071 CTD sections 008 Sea surface salinity/CTD 108 Pesticides & Herbicides155 Air temperature 020 Oceanic tides 004 Current Direction 109 Trace metals 099 Phosphate010 Wave direction

spectrum008 Sea surface salinity/CTD 120 Depth of photic zone 036 Upper ocean velocity

fields013 Wave swell

Generic characteristics of instrumentuse and variables measured

9

This section summarises the information ongeographical scale and distribution of instrumentusage, variables measured, and the managementof different variables in data transmissionsystems, models, and product distribution. Thetables summarising the information are set out inthe Appendix with brief comments in thissection.

Geographic scale (All Categories)Table 6

For every Category of Device the peak frequencyof Geographical scale is either for the Shelf Seasor Coastal waters scale. Only slightly more thanone third of devices are applied operationally atother scales. About 20% of devices are used atoceanic scale. Since most devices are applied atmore than one scale, the total number of reporteduses at various geographical scales is approx-imately twice that for the actual number ofresponses.

Frequency of citation of variablesbeing measured by instruments etc.(Category A) Table 7a

Table 7a includes instruments in operation now,and under development. Since this tabledescribes the status quo, there are very fewsurprises. Temperature, current velocity, sealevel, wave data and chlorophyll are at the top ofthe table. Table 7a shows that about 40 marinevariables are each measured operationally by atleast one EuroGOOS agency. The table showsthat a significant number of parameters areroutinely measured in addition to physicaloceanographic variables. These includechlorophyll, suspended sediments, depth of thephotic zone, light transmissivity, nitrate,pesticides and herbicides. Unlisted variables (i.e.variables given by respondents but not listed inAnnexe 2) are shown below in Table 7b.

Quality control (QC) systems ininstruments etc. (Category A) Table 8

Of the 125 responses in this Category, 74 gavesome information on Quality control orcalibration. Table 8 sets out the QC informationsupplied classified by operational status andgeneric device type. Of the 104 fully operational

systems, 58 give some information on QCvarying from "by user" or "operator" (9 cases) toreference to external standards (6 cases) orcomparison to laboratory analyses (5 cases).

Frequency of citation of variableshandled in data management systems(Category D) Table 9

The data transmission and management system ishandling data coming from sensors and beingtransferred to models, data being managed indelayed mode and being transferred into and outof archives, as well as data products coming fromreal time and delayed mode models. This is inaddition to meteorological and marinemeteorological data which are not includeddirectly in the survey, apart from sea surfacewind speed and precipitation. One would expectthe data types which are being handled routinelyby data management groups to correlate quiteclosely with the data types produced fromoperational sensors. Table 9 has 54 entries andTable 7a has 53, so there is not a great increasein the number of variables being handled off-line. However, there is naturally an additionalvolume of data measured in the scientific mode,which is processed in non-real time and mergedinto operational data systems. Sea surfacetemperature, waves and currents again appearnear the top of the table. Nutrients and oxygendata are relatively higher on the table than theywere in the list of variables from Category A,suggesting that these data are handled off-line oras the product of models. The bottom half of thetable includes a number of parameters which donot occur in Category A as being routinelymeasured. This particularly refers tocharacteristics of the coastline, river run-off,bathymetry and wetland characteristics, as wellas magnetic field. Comparisons between theseranked tables are shown in Table 5.

Data required to run operationalmodels (Category E) Tables 10 & 11

Sea surface wind stress, speed and direction rankas the most important variables, followed bysalinity, sea surface temperature, suspendedsediments, and wave data. Again, there is aconsistency between the dominant variables

10

being measured operationally and those beinghandled by data management systems. Nutrientand chlorophyll data have slipped down the tablesomewhat, presumably because relatively fewagencies are yet running models whichincorporate biological productivity and nutrientsas assimilated data. It is noticeable that thesuspended sediment variable remain very high inthe table. This probably reflects frequent use ofinshore models for the management ofnavigational safety and coastal defence againsterosion. Model groups requiring atmosphericforcing for marine numerical models have a highdemand for wind stress, speed and wind vectordata. There are, in addition, requirements forsurface barometric pressure, solar radiation,humidity, cloud cover, precipitation and heatflux. There are no surprises in this list, but theinformation is rather incomplete. The dominantrequirement is for wind field data and this isapparent in Table 11.

Frequency of citation of variables asoutput predictions from operationalnumerical models (Category E)Table 12

The traditional physical oceanographic variablesare at the top of the table, with an emphasis onwaves and currents. Suspended sedimentsremain high on the list, presumably because ofthe intense interest in coastal erosion, navigationand the management of sediment movements inthe proximity to the major ports of Europe. Table12 contains 65 entries but 14 of these arepreviously unlisted variables, mostly concernedwith aspects of oil pollution and they occur onlyonce at the end of the Table. Nutrients,pathogens and petroleum hydrocarbons appearsurprisingly high in the Table. It seems thatsome models are incorporating off-line data, orcalculating the movements of pathogens on thebasis of their association with othercharacteristics, or on the basis of very sparsefield data. It is possible that these derivedpredictions are satisfactory, but there is a strongsuggestion that while the physical variables pluschlorophyll are being measured adequately inreal time, the other variables are being predictedwith greater difficulty and on the basis of sparsefield data. The implication is that betteroperational instrumentation for these variableswould be an asset.

Frequency of citation of variablesincluded in data products(Category F) Table 13

Distributed data products show a great emphasison tidal data, nutrients, pollution data, andsuspended sediments. Biological, productivitydata, chlorophyll, nutrients and pollutants, thusrank high in instrumental observations and highin data products, but are not yet being managedthrough input to numerical modelling systems(Table 10). This is consistent with theannounced policies of several Members ofEuroGOOS (see EuroGOOS publication No. 1‘The Strategy for EuroGOOS’) to progressivelyinclude suspended sediments, nutrient,chlorophyll and public health data in predictivenumerical models.

Ice data occur consistently in all tables butranked fairly low. This is probably explained bythe lack of input information from Sweden andNorway.

Variables cited in instruments andsensors under different stages ofoperational development fromresearch to fully operational(Category A) Table 14

The range of variables is a good deal morediverse than might have been expected. Readersare reminded that the number of responses doesnot indicate the actual number of instrumentsbeing used, but the number of agencies using thattype of instrument. The range of observationsshows clearly that data are being obtained andprocessed in the operational mode, although mostof the biological and biogeochemical parameterscan not yet be processed by assimilation intonumerical models.

Part (ii) of Table 14 suggests that mostinstruments under development are designed toimprove the performance of observations ofvariables which are already being measuredoperationally. No new parameters occur on thislist which are not already in the top half of Part(i) of Table 14.

The classification ‘Undergoing trials’ includesaspects of acoustics and optics, suggesting thatthese principles may be more common in thenewer instrument types. This is also true of thefollowing two categories ‘Working model’ and

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‘Research mode’. Each successive section ofTable 14 shows fewer entries in the table. Thissuggests that the number of new instrumentsbeing developed and tested by the Memberagencies of EuroGOOS is quite small incomparison with the range of instrument typesalready deployed and in regular use. While itmay be tempting to think of radically newinstruments based on totally new physicalprinciples, Table 14 suggests that the usercommunity is very conservative, and introducesnew equipment with justifiable caution andprudence. This is also consistent with the viewthat the strongest points in favour of aninstrument for operational use is its reliability,quality, price, maintenance cycle, etc., ratherthan the novelty of its underlying principles.Totally new operating systems may make itpossible to bring in instruments which canreduce price and increase reliability, but it is stillthe fundamental engineering, design andoperating characteristics which will ensure wide-scale utilisation.

End uses of EuroGOOS data andproducts (Category F) Table 15

The most likely end uses for data and productsderived from them are set out in the table ofApplications in Table 1 of Annex 3 of thequestionnaire. Applications for Category F citedby respondents (Table 15) and those attributedto Category E (Table 17) include 45 of the 117Applications given in the questionnaire.However, 30 were cited only once and many ofthese are in a single Category E model whichincluded 22 Applications (Table 16). The

responses fall into 9 Application Groups with 4entire Groups (Mineral extraction, Equipmentsales, Tourism & recreation and Algal collection& culture) not currently being served by any ofthe Information Products. The Applications notcited by respondents are shown in Table 15b.

Objectives for numerical forecasting(Category E) Table 17

In order to consider end uses for the outputs ofthe models in this Category, the Objectivedescribed by respondents were considered andallocated to the most probable Application Groupdescribed above. This procedure indicates thatonly 4 Application Groups are currently beingserved by models in the survey. While thisconclusion may be incorrect because only themain Objectives have been considered, it is quitelikely that 10 Application Groups (Energyproduction, Mineral extraction, Food from thesea, Defence, Engineering & construction, Basic& strategic research, Tourism & recreation,Hinterland and Algal collection or culture) arenot currently being served by models in thesurvey.

Since Information Products and Models(Categories F & E) comprise the outputs fromrespondents to external users, the ApplicationGroups served by these Categories wouldsummarise the current uses and indicate thosenot currently served by either direct data orpredictive systems. This information is shown inTable 18.

The following tables are also included in the Appendix:-

List of EuroGOOS members and the acronym used in the other tables Table 19Frequency of citation of - Instrument type in Category A Table 20aPlatform or carrier Type in Category B Table 20bSupport system in Category C Table 20cData system or telematic in Category D Table 20dInformation or distribution system in Category F Table 20fList of organisations showing the generic devices and systems in each Categoryoperated by that organisation

Table 21

List of the generic type, operational status device name and form number forCategory A

Table 22

Conclusion

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The survey shows a consistent picture of a widerange of operational instruments being usedregularly to obtain real-time data for operationalmodels, with a strong emphasis on physicalhydrodynamic models, followed by chlorophylland temperature salinity structure.

Consideration of the current end uses(Applications) of both Information Products andOperational Numerical Forecasting systemsindicates that there are a number of possibleadditional uses for the information gathered andprocessed by EuroGOOS members. Theseadditional uses include some entire ApplicationGroups.

The survey of instrument types does not yieldmuch information on those types of equipmentunder development which might improve theperformance of field data gathering. On theother hand, the lower half of the data-variabletables show clearly the parameters whichagencies are beginning to measure and model aswell as they can with imperfect equipment.This implies a strong case for improvedinstrumentation to meet the need for thesemeasurements.

The information showing which agencies areusing which instruments is contained in Tables21 and 22 of the Appendix, and furtherinformation can be obtained from the contactslisted in the Preface.

An opportunity exists to consider a commonapproach within EuroGOOS to the QualityControl and Operating Procedures forinstruments and sensors. This would bring abouta wider range of uses for the data gathered byensuring consistency of methods within thegroup thus improving confidence and permittingfull interchangeability of data.

Acknowledgements

The questionnaire design for this survey wassupervised by the Lead Person for each categoryin the questionnaire (J Bosman, P Koske,D Kohnke, S Foreman, N C Flemming,N Pinardi). The design of the Access softwaredatabase was carried out by S M Marine.Resources for data entry and analysis wereprovided by the UK Environment Agency.

Appendix - Tables described in Sections 3 and 4

13

Table 6 Distribution of Geographical scales correlated with Category of Device. Categoriesas in Table 1

Geographical Scale Category (Table 1) TotalsA B C D E F

Global 13 10 8 7 2 4 44Oceanic 56 15 11 6 3 3 94Shelf Seas 75 21 15 7 19 6 143Coastal 87 21 12 11 14 12 157Sea ice 10 1 0 0 0 0 11Ice shelves 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Totals 241 68 46 31 38 25 449

Table 7a Ranked order of variables and parameters, by number of responses listing this variable.Data taken for Category A variables (Table 7a) measured by all instruments inoperational use and under development

VariableNumber

Sector Variable Name Number ofresponses

001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 30 003 Surface fields Current Velocity 15 016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 14 097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 13 011 Surface fields Wave height 13 079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 11 008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 11 027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 11 012 Surface fields Wave Period 10 004 Surface fields Current Direction 9 100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 8 118 Biogeochemical Suspended se diments 7 071 Deep Ocean CTD sections 6 121 Optics Transmissivity 6 152 Meteorological Wind speed 6 151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 5 009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 5 153 Meteorological Wind direction 5 155 Meteorological Air temperature 4 010 Surface fields Wave direction spectrum 4 072 Deep Ocean Deep ocean salinity 3 098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 3 099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 3 101 Biogeochemical Silicate 3 126 Acoustics Sound velocity profiles 3 081 Sea Bed Surface sediments 3 103 Biogeochemical Biological pigments 2

14

VariableNumber


073 Deep Ocean Deep ocean ht storage 2 075 Deep Ocean Deep ocean water storage 2 083 Sea Bed Gravity 2 122 Optics RS reflected light spectrum 2 089 Coastal & Shelf Shelf bathymetry 2 109 Biogeochemical Trace metals 2 013 Surface fields Wave swell 2 128 Acoustics Acoustic scattering 1 106 Biogeochemical Artificial radionuclides 1 088 Coastal & Shelf Coastal bathymetry 1 120 Optics Depth of photic zone 1 119 Optics Incident light spectrum 1 102 Biogeochemical Iron 1 022 Sea Surface topography Meteorological forcing 1 018 Sea Surface topography Monthly mean sea level 1 020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 1 110 Biogeochemical PAHs 1 108 Biogeochemical Pesticides & Herbicides 1 112 Biogeochemical Phytoplankton 1 019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1 002 Surface fields Sea surface Wind speed or direction 1 095 Coastal & Shelf Sediment transport 1 038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 1 059 Ice Shelves Surface state 1 049 Sea Ice Thickness 1 036 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean velocity fields 1

Table 7a ranks in order of frequency the number of times which each variable is cited by a respondentas being observed by the equipment or instrument described in Category A. The Variable Numbersrefer to the EuroGOOS/IACMST Variable list which is attached in Annexe 2.

Table 7b Unlisted Variables

VariableNumber


000 Unlisted variable Ammonium 2000 Unlisted variable Near sea bed current profile 2000 Unlisted variable Nitrite 2000 Unlisted variable Pressure 2000 Unlisted variable Turbidity 2000 Unlisted variable 3-dimensional velocity 1000 Unlisted variable 3-dimensional velocity (incl. turbulence) 1000 Unlisted variable All Rx of REDOX Potential 1000 Unlisted variable Alpha, Beta & Gamma radiation 1000 Unlistedvariable Average particle size 1000 Unlisted variable Current profile 1000 Unlisted variable Manganese 1000 Unlistedvariable Monthly mean sea level 1

15

VariableNumber


000 Unlisted variable Nephelometry 1000 Unlisted variable Observation of oil and chemical spills 1000 Unlisted variable Particle size distribution/concentrations 1000 Unlisted variable pH 1000 Unlisted variable pH, Trans, NO3, CPR, Current & wind

vel/dir, solar rad1

000 Unlisted variable Photosynthetic capacity of algae. 1000 Unlisted variable Relative humidity 1000 Unlisted variable Total oxidised nitrogen 1000 Unlisted variable Ultra high resolution seismic 1000 Unlisted variable Urea 1

16

Table 8 QC methods, self-checking and calibration

Status Form Number Device type QC - Method oftesting

QC - Self checking QC - Selfcalibration

i) Fullyoperational

085-IFRE-A Acoustic Yes

i) Fullyoperational

128-ICM-A CTD By user

i) Fullyoperational

246-RDAN-A CTD In situ water sampes& Lab.tests

i) Fullyoperational

245-RDAN-A CTD In situ water samples& lab tests

i) Fullyoperational

235-BSH-A CTD, Fluorimeter,Turbidity

In situ comparison

i) Fullyoperational

056-RIKZ-A CTD, Turbidity Use referencematerial (lab.solutions)

Partly Partly

i) Fullyoperational

086-IFRE-A Current meter Yes

i) Fullyoperational

177-RIKZ-A Current meter Yes No

i) Fullyoperational

120-ICM-A Current meter Sea trials Yes

i) Fullyoperational

222-IMI-A Current meter Standard electricaland computer testsbefore use

Yes Yes

i) Fullyoperational

016-RDAN-A Current meter Standard tests Yes

i) Fullyoperational

228-BSH-A Current meter Towing

i) Fullyoperational

103-ICM-A Echosounder Built-in software

i) Fullyoperational

102-ICM-A Echosounder Built-in software test

i) Fullyoperational

105-ICM-A Echosounder Built-in software test

i) Fullyoperational

104-ICM-A Echosounder Built-in test

i) Fullyoperational

121-ICM-A Echosounder Sea No

i) Fullyoperational

116-RIKZ-A Fluorimeter Yes

i) Fullyoperational

129-ICM-A Fluorimeter By user

i) Fullyoperational

130-ICM-A Fluorimeter By user

i) Fullyoperational

133-ICM-A Fluorimeter Self-test

i) Fullyoperational

109-ICM-A Gravitymeter Operator

i) Fullyoperational

039-METO-A Heave sensor Using in-house testfacilities

i) Fullyoperational

084-IFRE-A Level gauge Yes

i) Fullyoperational

015-RDAN-A Level gauge Control measurements Yes Yes

i) Fullyoperational

162-RIKZ-A Level gauge Standard test prior todeployment

No No

i) Fullyoperational


Yes No

17



i) Fullyoperational


Yes No

i) Fullyoperational

052-RIKZ-A Level gauge, Waveanalysis

Partly Not necessary

i) Fullyoperational

055-RIKZ-A Light meter Calibration lamp No No

i) Fullyoperational

240-BSH-A Logger Partly

i) Fullyoperational

107-ICM-A Magnetometer Operator

i) Fullyoperational

209-RIKZ-A Meteorological Only afterimprovements areimplemented

Only afterimprovements areimplemented

Only afterimprovements areimplemented

i) Fullyoperational

045-METO-A Meteorological With the electronicssystem beforeoperational use

i) Fullyoperational

049-METO-A Meteorological,Wind direction

Rotation through 360degrees connected toprocessing electronicsand pre-operationalchecks

i) Fullyoperational

048-METO-A Meteorological,Wind speed

In wind tunnel andpre operational test onbuoy

i) Fullyoperational

134-ICM-A Nutrient analysis By user

i) Fullyoperational

139-NRA-A Nutrient analysis Check standards

i) Fullyoperational

058-RIKZ-A Nutrient analysis Internal standards

i) Fullyoperational

132-ICM-A Particle counter By user

i) Fullyoperational

175-RIKZ-A Particle mass No

i) Fullyoperational

171-RIKZ-A Particle transport Against pumpsamples to beanalysed for sedimentcontent

i) Fullyoperational

131-ICM-A pH & Redox By user

i) Fullyoperational

127-ICM-A Radiation By user

i) Fullyoperational

118-RIKZ-A Remote sensing-Aerial

n/a

i) Fullyoperational

160-RIKZ-A Remote sensing-Aerial

Yes, artificialextermal sources

Yes Yes

i) Fullyoperational

106-ICM-A Seismic Operator

i) Fullyoperational

247-RDAN-A Sonar In situ test & lab. test

i) Fullyoperational

043-METO-A Surface drifting buoy Compare O/P withcheck instrumentsover a period of time

Check sum in Tx dataformat

i) Fullyoperational

047-METO-A Thermometer In temperature bathand preoperational insystem against checkobservations

i) Fullyoperational

161-RIKZ-A Thermometer Standard test prior todeployment

Yes Yes

18



i) Fullyoperational

168-RIKZ-A Wave analysis,Radar

In situ, against otherinstruments

Yes Yes

i) Fullyoperational

077-METEO-A Wave buoy Constructorspecification

Yes Yes

i) Fullyoperational

053-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Rotating frame Partly no

i) Fullyoperational

057-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Rotating frame Partly No

i) Fullyoperational

051-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Rotating frame orswing frame

Partly No

i) Fullyoperational

165-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Standard tests prior todeployment

No Yes, reference param.are sent

i) Fullyoperational

166-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Standard tests prior todeployment

No Yes, referenceparameters are sent

i) Fullyoperational

167-RIKZ-A Wave buoy Standard tests, priorto deployment

No Yes, reference paramare sent

ii) Undergoingtrials

054-RIKZ-A Current meter Stagnant water check,tilt and compasscheck

Partly Partly

19

Table 9 Ranked list of variables and parameters cited as being processed by datamanagement systems (Category D)

VariableNumber


001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 10011 Surface fields Wave height 7012 Surface fields Wave Period 7016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 6003 Surface fields Current Velocity 4098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 4100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 4099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 4002 Surface fields Sea surface Wind speed or direction 4137 Data Structure Year-long time series 4004 Surface fields Current Direction 3072 Deep Ocean Deep ocean salinity 3101 Biogeochemical Silicate 3152 Meteorological Wind speed 3155 Meteorological Air temperature 2151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 2097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 2071 Deep Ocean CTD sections 2020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 2008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 2121 Optics Transmissivity 2025 Upper Layer Fields Tropical upper ocean, structure 2027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 2010 Surface fields Wave direction spectrum 2009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 2013 Surface fields Wave swell 2153 Meteorological Wind direction 2023 Upper Layer Fields XBT sections 2024 Upper Layer Fields XCTD sections 2079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 1103 Biogeochemical Biological pigments 1143 Data Structure Composite multi-parameter products 1073 Deep Ocean Deep ocean ht storage 1083 Sea Bed Gravity 1119 Optics Incident light spectrum 1078 Deep Ocean Inter-basin straits currents 1084 Sea Bed Magnetics 1018 Sea Surface topography Monthly mean sea level 1077 Deep Ocean Ocean boundary currents 1108 Biogeochemical Pesticides & Herbicides 1007 Surface fields Precipitation 1093 Coastal & Shelf River runoff 1122 Optics RS reflected light spectrum 1019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1141 Data Structure Spatial statistics 1144 Data Structure Spectra or other reduced statistics 1038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 1

20

VariableNumber


118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 1090 Coastal & Shelf Tidal constants 1091 Coastal & Shelf Tidal ellipses 1109 Biogeochemical Trace metals 1000 Unlisted variable 1036 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean velocity fields 1096 Coastal & Shelf Wetlands characteristics 1

Table 9 is compiled from the references to variables processed by different data management units,data banks, and data transmission systems.

Table10 Ranking of variables which need to be observed as input data for operational models(Category E)

VariableNumber


016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 9118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 6152 Meteorological Wind speed 6001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 5002 Surface fields Sea surface Wind speed or direction 5003 Surface fields Current Velocity 4008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity 4153 Meteorological Wind direction 4151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 3010 Surface fields Wave direction spectrum 3011 Surface fields Wave height 3005 Surface fields Heat flux 2007 Surface fields Precipitation 2092 Coastal & Shelf Stratification 2013 Surface fields Wave swell 2155 Meteorological Air temperature 1097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 1071 Deep Ocean CTD sections 1004 Surface fields Current Direction 1120 Optics Depth of photic zone 1022 Sea Surface topography Meteorological forcing 1098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 1020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 1099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 1093 Coastal & Shelf River runoff 1122 Optics RS reflected light spectrum 1019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1101 Biogeochemical Silicate 1038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 1026 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean heat content 1027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 1012 Surface fields Wave Period 1009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 1

21

VariableNumber


023 Upper Layer Fields XBT sections 1024 Upper Layer Fields XCTD sections 1000 Unlisted variable Spilt volume 1000 Unlisted variable Oil density 1000 Unlisted variable Oil viscosity 1000 Unlisted variable Oil position 1000 Unlisted variable Evaporable fraction 1000 Unlisted variable Dye release 1000 Unlisted variable Cloud cover 1

Table 10 shows the variables listed on the respondents’ forms describing the data required to runoperational models (Category E). Table 10 omits most of the atmospheric forcing variables neededfor operational models, which are listed in Table 11.

Table 11 Variables listed by respondents as required atmospheric forcing for models (CategoryE)

VariableNumber


152 Meteorological Wind speed 11002 Surface fields Sea surface wind speed or direction 9153 Meteorological Wind direction 8151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 7005 Surface fields Heat flux 3007 Surface fields Precipitation 3003 Surface fields Current Velocity 2000 Unlisted variable Relative humidity 2001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 2155 Meteorological Air temperature 1004 Surface fields Current Direction 1008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 1000 Unlisted variable Solar radiation 1000 Unlisted variable Cloud cover 1000 Unlisted variable Application dependant 1000 Unlisted variable Atmospheric deposition 1000 Unlisted variable Atmospheric pressure 1000 Unlisted variable Nebulosity 1000 Unlisted variable Non solar 1000 Unlisted variable Solar 1

The information shown in Table 11 is rather incomplete, but shows that model groups requiringatmospheric forcing for marine numerical models have a high demand for wind stress, speed, andwind vector data.

22

Table 12 Variables provided as predicted outputs from marine numerical operational modesl(Category E)

Variablenumber

Sector Variable name Number ofresponses

016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/instantaneous 10013 Surface Layers Wave swell 10118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 8010 Surface Layers Wave direction spectrum 8011 Surface Layers Wave height 8009 Surface Layers Wave spectrum 8003 Surface Layers Current velocity 7033 Upper Layer Fields Salt transport 6012 Surface Layers Wave period 6001 Surface Layers Sea surface temperature 5038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 5106 Biogeochemical Artificial radionuclides 4098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 4110 Biogeochemical PAHs 4104 Biogeochemical Pathogens 4107 Biogeochemical Petroleum hydrocarbons 4111 Biogeochemical Pharmaceutical wastes 4008 Surface Layers Sea surface salinity/CTD 4109 Biogeochemical Trace metals 4036 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean velocity fields 4116 Biogeochemical Aquatic toxins 3103 Biogeochemical Biological pigments 3114 Biogeochemical Carbon dioxide 3097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 3117 Biogeochemical Human health risks 3102 Biogeochemical Iron 3020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 3100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 3108 Biogeochemical Pesticides & Herbicides 3099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 3112 Biogeochemical Phytoplankton 3101 Biogeochemical Silicate 3092 Coastal & Shelf Stratification 3105 Biogeochemical Synthetic organics 3115 Biogeochemical Tritium 3113 Biogeochemical Zooplankton 3000 Unlisted variable 2D energy spectrum 2042 Upper Layer Fields Carbon transport 2088 Coastal & Shelf Coastal bathymetry 2004 Surface fields Current Direction 2040 Upper Layer Fields Downwelling velocities 2095 Coastal & Shelf Sediment transport 2090 Coastal & Shelf Tidal constants 2121 Optics Transmissivity 2039 Upper Layer Fields Upwelling velocities 2000 Unlisted variable Wind sea HT/dir 2155 Meteorological Air temperature 1071 Deep Ocean CTD sections 1

23

Variablenumber

Sector Variable name Number ofresponses

072 Deep Ocean Deep ocean salinity 1037 Upper Layer Fields Momentum fields 1077 Deep Ocean Ocean boundary currents 1019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1091 Coastal & Shelf Tidal ellipses 1026 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean heat content 1027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 1023 Upper Layer Fields XBT sections 1000 Unlisted variable Bed currents 1000 Unlisted variable Chemical/biological variables 1000 Unlisted variable Concentration dissolvents 1000 Unlisted variable Depth-mean current 1000 Unlisted variable Mass balance 1000 Unlisted variable Oil density 1000 Unlisted variable Oil viscosity 1000 Unlisted variable Sedimentation 1000 Unlisted variable Spill position 1000 Unlisted variable Stream function 1000 Unlisted variable Temperature fields 1000 Unlisted variable Vorticity 1000 Unlisted variable Wind induced currents 1000 Unlisted variable Wind set up 1

Table 12 ranks in order of frequency cited the variables given as output predictions from operationalnumerical models.

Table 13 Ranked list of variables and parameters listed as being included in data products(Category F)

VariableNumber


001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 9008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity 8097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 6011 Surface fields Wave height 6003 Surface fields Current Velocity 5016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 5010 Surface fields Wave direction spectrum 5012 Surface fields Wave Period 5004 Surface fields Current Direction 4098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 4002 Surface fields Sea surface Wind speed or direction 4101 Biogeochemical Silicate 4118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 4109 Biogeochemical Trace metals 4009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 4020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 3100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 3108 Biogeochemical Pesticides & Herbicides 3099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 3

24

VariableNumber


013 Surface fields Wave swell 3140 Data Structure Climatic statistics 2143 Data Structure Composite multi-parameter products 2102 Biogeochemical Iron 2022 Sea Surface topography Meteorological forcing 2110 Biogeochemical PAHs 2093 Coastal & Shelf River runoff 2122 Optics RS reflected light spectrum 2144 Data Structure Spectra or other reduced statistics 2081 Sea Bed Surface sediments 2121 Optics Transmissivity 2153 Meteorological Wind direction 2152 Meteorological Wind speed 2155 Meteorological Air temperature 1116 Biogeochemical Aquatic toxins 1106 Biogeochemical Artificial radionuclides 1151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 1079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 1103 Biogeochemical Biological pigments 1114 Biogeochemical Carbon dioxide 1088 Coastal & Shelf Coastal bathymetry 1086 Coastal & Shelf Coastline map 1046 Sea Ice Concentration 1138 Data Structure Decadal time series 1040 Upper Layer Fields Downwelling velocities 1045 Sea Ice Extent, boundary, leads, % 1021 Sea Surface topography Geostrophic currents 1082 Sea Bed Gridded bathymetry 1087 Coastal & Shelf Hinterland topography 1117 Biogeochemical Human health risks 1052 Sea Ice Ice motion 1018 Sea Surface topography Monthly mean sea level 1142 Data Structure Past model outputs 1104 Biogeochemical Pathogens 1107 Biogeochemical Petroleum hydrocarbons 1111 Biogeochemical Pharmaceutical wastes 1112 Biogeochemical Phytoplankton 1019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1125 Optics Secchi disk depth 1095 Coastal & Shelf Sediment transport 1089 Coastal & Shelf Shelf bathymetry 1141 Data Structure Spatial statistics 1038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 1080 Sea Bed Surface outcrops 1105 Biogeochemical Synthetic organics 1049 Sea Ice Thickness 1090 Coastal & Shelf Tidal constants 1115 Biogeochemical Tritium 1027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 1039 Upper Layer Fields Upwelling velocities 1137 Data Structure Year-long time series 1

25

VariableNumber


113 Biogeochemical Zooplankton 1

Table 13 presents in rank order by frequency of citation the variables which are included in dataproducts distributed by Member agencies of EuroGOOS. Data products can include many variablesand parameters which are not routinely observed in the operational mode, and are not processedthrough numerical models. Thus the list of variables here differs considerably from that in Tables 8and 10, and is slightly longer. Curiously, Table 13 lists 70 variables, all from the CCMST list,without any of the minority unlisted variables from Tables 11 or 12. In that sense, the range ofvariables in data products is 70, compared with 51 being processed in operational numerical models.As with Table 9, the implication is that some of the products being transmitted to customers includedata types which can only be processed in delayed mode. This places operational real time modellingin the context of associated off-line models and accessory data processed in delayed mode.

Table 14 Ranked listing of the frequency of citation of different variables sub-categorised bystatus of operational development, Category A

i) Fully operationalVariableNumber


001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 23016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 12011 Surface fields Wave height 12097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 11003 Surface fields Current Velocity 10008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 9012 Surface fields Wave Period 9079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 8027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 8071 Deep Ocean CTD sections 6004 Surface fields Current Direction 6151 Meteorological Atmospheric pressure 5100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 5118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 5121 Optics Transmissivity 5010 Surface fields Wave direction spectrum 4009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 4153 Meteorological Wind direction 4152 Meteorological Wind speed 4155 Meteorological Air temperature 3072 Deep Ocean Deep ocean salinity 3099 Biogeochemical Phosphate 3101 Biogeochemical Silicate 3081 Sea Bed Surface sediments 3000 Unlisted variable Ammonium 2103 Biogeochemical Biological pigments 2073 Deep Ocean Deep ocean ht storage 2075 Deep Ocean Deep ocean water storage 2083 Sea Bed Gravity 2098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 2000 Unlisted variable Nitrite 2

26

i) Fully operationalVariableNumber


122 Optics RS reflected light spectrum 2126 Acoustics Sound velocity profiles 2109 Biogeochemical Trace metals 2000 Unlisted variable Turbidity 2000 Unlisted variable All Rx of REDOX Potential 1000 Unlisted variable Alpha, Beta & Gamma radiation 1106 Biogeochemical Artificial radionuclides 1088 Coastal & Shelf Coastal bathymetry 1000 Unlisted variable Current profile 1119 Optics Incident light spectrum 1102 Biogeochemical Iron 1000 Unlisted variable Manganese 1022 Sea Surface topography Meteorological forcing 1018 Sea Surface topography Monthly mean sea level 1000 Unlisted variable Nephelometry 1020 Sea Surface topography Oceanic tides 1110 Biogeochemical PAHs 1108 Biogeochemical Pesticides & Herbicides 1000 Unlisted variable pH 1112 Biogeochemical Phytoplankton 1000 Unlisted variable Pressure 1000 Unlisted variable Relative humidity 1019 Sea Surface topography Sea level anomaly 1002 Surface fields Sea surface Wind speed or direction 1089 Coastal & Shelf Shelf bathymetry 1038 Upper Layer Fields Surface currents 1059 Ice Shelves Surface state 1049 Sea Ice Thickness 1000 Unlisted variable Total oxidised nitrogen 1000 Unlisted variable Ultra high resolution seismic 1036 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean velocity fields 1000 Unlisted variable Urea 1013 Surface fields Wave swell 1

ii) Undergoing trialsVariableNumber

Sector Variable Name Numberresponses

001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 4004 Surface fields Current Direction 3003 Surface fields Current Velocity 3097 Biogeochemical Chlorophyll & Fluorescence 2100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 2152 Meteorological Wind speed 2155 Meteorological Air temperature 1079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 1016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 1008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 1089 Coastal & Shelf Shelf bathymetry 1126 Acoustics Sound velocity profiles 1121 Optics Transmissivity 1

27

ii) Undergoing trialsVariableNumber

Sector Variable Name Numberresponses

027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 1011 Surface fields Wave height 1012 Surface fields Wave Period 1009 Surface fields Wave spectrum 1013 Surface fields Wave swell 1153 Meteorological Wind direction 1000 Unlisted variable pH, Trans, NO3, CPR, Current & wind

vel/dir, solar rad1

000 Unlisted variable Observation of oil and chemical spills 1000 Unlisted variable Monthly mean sea level 1000 Unlisted variable 3 Dimensional velocity (incl. turbulence) 1000 Unlisted variable 3 dimensional velocity 1000 Unlisted variable Photosynthetic capacity of algae. 1

iii) Working modelVariableNumber


003 Surface fields Current Velocity 2128 Acoustics Acoustic scattering 1079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 1016 Sea Surface topography Hourly mean sea level/Instantaneous 1098 Biogeochemical Nitrate 1100 Biogeochemical Oxygen 1008 Surface fields Sea surface salinity/CTD 1001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 1118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 1000 Unlisted variable Current profile near sea bottom. 1000 Unlisted variable Particle size distrib./concentrations 1000 Unlisted variable Pressure 1

iv) Research modeVariableNumber


120 Optics Depth of photic zone 1095 Coastal & Shelf Sediment transport 1118 Biogeochemical Suspended sediments 1000 Unlisted variable Average particle size 1000 Unlisted variable Near sea bed current profile 1

Unknown StatusVariableNumber


001 Surface fields Sea surface temperature 2027 Upper Layer Fields Upper ocean salinity 2079 Sea Bed Bathymetry 1

Table 14 lists the frequency of citation of different variables according to the status of operationaldevelopment. The list of variables which are fully operational represents the status quo of the presentroutine observation systems.

28

Table 15a Number of Category F respondents in each Application Group

Number of InformationProducts

Application Group

9 Environmental protection7 Services6 Transport5 Basic & Strategic research5 Engineering4 Food from the sea3 Defence3 Energy production3 Hinterland0 Mineral extraction0 Equipment sales0 Tourism & recreation0 Algal collection & culture

Table 15b Applications included in the list but not given by any respondent in Category F

Application ID Description004 Submersible/submarine operations/ROVs005 Tunnel subsea operations006 Barrage roads007 Causeway008 Bridges, sea channels009 Navigational safety, lights etc. Electronic chart015 OTEC016 Wave energy017 Tidal energy018 Wind energy, offshore installation024 Health hazards025 Marine reserves026 Species protection029 Safe waste disposal030 Amenity evaluation033 Mineral extraction034 Aggregate, sand, gravel035 Deep ocean, Mn, hydrothermal muds, crusts036 Placer minerals, diamonds, tin, etc.037 Salts extraction, magnesia, bromine038 Desalination039 Phosphate040 Coal, subsea045 Shellfish, crustacea, farming046 Fishing gear116 Algae Collection117 Algae Culture050 Underwater weapons051 Navigation, position fixing, etc.052 Defence sales, equipment, components

29

Application ID Description053 Operations and efficiency, logistics, controls, co058 Land reclamation059 Barrage construction060 Tunnel construction061 Outfalls/intakes062 Consulting engineering063 Components, hydraulics, motors, pumps, batteries,064 Cables, manufacture and operations, laying065 Corrosion prevention, paint, antifouling, etc.066 Heavy lifting, cranes, winches067 Marine propulsion, efficient ship, automatic ships069 Pipelaying, trenching, burial070 Ship-building, non-defence, all kinds072 Certification073 Climate forecasting075 Data services076 Data transmission, telecommunications077 Diving, including suppliers078 Inspection, maintenance, repair079 Insurance083 Salvage, towing086 Equipment sales087 Marine electronics, instruments, radar, opto-elect088 Sonar089 Buoys090 Tourism and recreation092 Acoustics, electronics093 Civil engineering094 Climate change095 Climate forecasting097 Data centre099 Estuarine modelling100 Fisheries101 Marine biology103 Ocean modelling104 Oceanography105 Polar research107 Shelf seas modelling108 Shipping/naval architecture110 Agriculture111 Land use planning or zoning114 Wetlands management115 Public health

30

Table 16 Number of Applications per Data product (Category F)

Form Number Name of product Number ofApplications

050-METO-F Wave Forecasts 22027-IEU-F Tidal Annual Bulletin 12075-RIKZ-F DONAR 8208-RIKZ-F Multi Functional Presentational System (MFPS) 6078-METEO-F CLIOSTAT (Climatologies Oceanique Satellitaire) 6157-NRA-F UK coastal waters survey-data request system 5004-MUMM-F Monit B Database 5219-RIKZ-F Multi Purpose Presentational Unit (MPPU) 4156-NRA-F UK coastal water quality RS (CASI) output 3153-NRA-F Coastal waters quality maps (laboratory data) 3154-NRA-F Coastal water quality maps- Contin.monitoring data 2251-RDAN-F Oceanographic Information System 2155-NRA-F UK coastal waters- Thermal imagery videos 1074-RIKZ-F SUSD (Stormsurge Warning System) 1013-FIMR-F Information on algal blooms in the Baltic Sea 1

Table 17 Application groups served by models (Category E)

Form Number Objective or goal Application Group202-RIKZ-E Predict tidal elevaton and storm surge on c.shelf 28/55030-METO-E Forecast storm surges around UK coast 28/55031-METO-E Forecast surface waves up to 2(5) days ahead 28/55206-RIKZ-E Hindast & forecast wind waves in deep-shallow

water28/55

003-MUMM-E Forecasting of sea waves & swell spectra 28/55071-RIKZ-E (Storm) Surge Prediction 28/55032-METO-E Forecast surface wave conditions up to 5d ahead 28/55001-MUMM-E Prevent risk of flooding on Belgian coast 28/55005-MUMM-E Oil spill forecasting model Environmental

protection096-IFRE-E Build ecol.models for fate of chemi/biol.cmpnds Environmental

protection072-RIKZ-E Modelling sea water quality Environmental

protection201-RIKZ-E Simulates transport & spreading from outfall/spill Environmental

protection260-RIKZ-E Transp.paths, concs.,distribs.& times solutes/seds Environmental

protection203-RIKZ-E Direct response model for spills of oils & toxics Environmental

protection205-RIKZ-E Re-initializatn of model concn fields with RS data Environmental

protection259-RIKZ-E Transport paths,dispersion patterns & plumes Environmental

protection200-RIKZ-E Assess & model water qual processes (space & time) Environmental

protection097-IFRE-E Analysis & predictn of TSV on mesoscale QG model Services029-METO-E Global ocean temp/sal 5day forecasts. Synoptic Services

31

Form Number Objective or goal Application Group198-RIKZ-E Integrated simul. flows,transports,waves,quality,e Services119-CNR-E Seasonal/interannual predictns of currents/tracer Services199-RIKZ-E Predicts nonsteady large scale 3D flows Services207-RIKZ-E App.trained system in/outut to geophys.data&trends Services216-RIKZ-E Operational avail.wind,wave & current data Services197-RIKZ-E Integr simul.& modelling flows,sed.transp., waves Services196-RIKZ-E Prediction of 0.03-0.1Hz wave energy for shipping Transport204-RIKZ-E Actual depth offshore from online depth reduction Transport195-RIKZ-E Navigational safety & harbour permission Transport

Table 17a Number of models (Category E) in each Application Group

Application Group Number of ModelsEnvironmental protection 9Services 828/55 8Transport 3Energy production 0Mineral extraction 0Food from the sea 0Defence 0Building, construction 0Equipment sales 0Basic & strategic research 0Tourism & recreation 0Hinterland 0Algae 0

Table 18 Number of Application groups in Models (Cat.E) and Information products (Cat.F)

Application Group No of InformationProducts

No of Models Total of IP+Models /Application

Services 7 5 12Environmental protection 9 3 12Transport 6 1 7Engineering 5 2 7Basic & Strategic research 5 0 5Food from the sea 4 0 4Hinterland 3 0 3Energy production 3 0 3Defence 3 0 3Tourism & recreation 0 0 0Mineral extraction 0 0 0Equipment sales 0 0 0Algae 0 0 0Total number ofApplications

45 11 56

32

Table 19 List of acronyms and full names of EuroGOOS Member agencies providing information inthis survey

Code Organisation Name CountryBSH Bundesamt fur Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie GermanyCNR Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche ItalyFIMR Finnish Institute of Marine Research (FIMR) FinlandIBSR Institute for Baltic Sea Research GermanyICM Instituto de Ciencias del Mar SpainIEO Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia SpainIFRE IFREMER FranceIMI Irish Marine Institute IrelandMETEO Meteomer FranceMETO The Meteorological Office UKMUMM Management Unit of the North Sea Mathematical Model

(MUMM)Belgium

NRA Environment Agency (formerly National Rivers Authority) UKRDANH Royal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography DenmarkRIKZ Directoraat-Generaal Rijkswaterstaat The NetherlandsSOC Southampton Oceanography Centre UKSTNMT Service Technique de la Navigation Maritime et des

Transmissions de l'EquipementFrance

The list of acronyms is shown in Table 19.

Table 20 Analysis of devices, generic devices, and commercial trade names

In this section we present data listing instruments, devices, platforms, telecommunication systems, computermodels, etc., described either as generic types, or with specific commercial names or brand names. We willfirst discuss the frequency of citation of each type of device in generic terms, and then list the data by useragency, so that people who require information can contact agencies that have already used this system.

Table 20 is presented in six sections, A-F, each sub-table relating to a category within the EuroGOOSTechnology Survey (see Table 1)

Table 20a Ranked list of frequency of citation of different instrument types by generic category

Device type No. of responsesCategory A - Measuring devices, sensors, instruments N = 126Current meter 16CTD 15Level gauge 11Wave buoy 9Echosounder 8Fluorimeter 7Nutrient analysis 4Remote Sensing-Aerial 4Thermometer 4Meteorological 3Acoustic 2

33

Device type No. of responsesGravitymeter 2Logger 2Particle counter 2Radiation 2Sonar 2Transmission 2Wave analysis, Radar 2Bathythermograph 1Biosensor 1Corer 1CTD, Fluorimeter, Turbidity 1CTD, Turbidity 1Current gauge 1DO 1DO, pH 1Fluorimeter, Biomass 1Heave sensor 1Level gauge, Wave analysis 1Levels, Altimeter 1Light meter 1Magnetometer 1Meteorological, Wind direction 1Meteorological, Wind speed 1Particle analysis 1Particle mass 1Particle transport 1Remote Sensing-Satellite 1Seismic 1Sonar (SS) 1Surface drifting buoy 1Thermometer, Pressure 1Transmission, Turbidity 1WQ buoy 1WQ, Meteorological buoy 1

Table 20a shows that the most frequently used instruments are current meters, CTDs, water level gauges,wave measuring buoys, echo sounders, and fluorimeters. It should be noted that when an agency reports thatan instrument is being used in operational mode, it is not stated whether the agency is using one instrument,or 20 or 30. Thus the number of citations does not strictly indicate the proportion of instruments being usedin operational mode. Nevertheless, the frequency of citation is strongly indicative of the types of instrumentsin most common use. Nutrient analysis rates high in the table.

34

Table 20b

Device type No. of responsesCategory B - Platforms and carriers N = 42Surface moored buoy 11Ocean going ship 7Fixed platform 5Coastal vessel 3Towed undulating vehicle 3Aircraft 2Shore based mounting 2Sub surface drifting buoy 2Sub surface moored buoy 2Surface drifting buoy 2Fixed platform, Sea bed mounting 1Sub surface drifting buoy 1Surface moored buoy, Surface drifting buoy 1

Table 20b indicates that the most commonly used operational platform is the moored buoy, and hence,probably, that most sensors are installed on moored buoys. All the expected platforms are regularly used. Noresponse refers to satellite remote sensed systems, but these are obviously being used by some establishmentsin operational mode. No experiments are reported as being conducted with Autonomous Untethered Vehicleswith a view to operational use.

Table 20c

Device type No. of responsesCategory C - Support systems N = 23GPS 5Diesel generator 4Acoustic release 3Mooring system 3Safety device 2Calibration system 1Communications system 1Equipment housing 1Navigation, Logger 1Pinger 1Platform ? 1

Table 20c confirms the importance of GPS as a cheap and reliable form of position fixing. The other dataforms will provide information on technical support systems. The number of responses describing dieselgenerators is interesting, given the alternative options for power supply, and the low power requirements ofmodern instruments.

35

Table 20d

Device type No. of responsesCategory D - Telematics, data communications, archiving N = 22Data Assembly 5Archive 4Telecom 3Analysis, Archive, Handling, QC 1Archive, Handling 1Data Assembly, Analysis, Archive, Handling, QC 1Message switch 1Modelling 1Telecom, Analysis, QC 1Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Security, Handling, QC 1Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Archive, QC 1Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Archive, QC, Modelling 1Telecom, Assembly, Archive, Handling, QC 1

The useful information in this Category, Table 20d, is contained in the forms themselves. Very little can bededuced from the numbers of replies.

Table 20e

Device type No. of responsesCategory E - Operational numerical forecasting, modelling N = 283D flows, Estuaries, Shelf Seas 1Dutch Coast, Transport paths, Distributions 1English Channel, Ecological models 1European Shelf, Storm surge prediction 1European Shelf, Transport, Plumes 1European wave model 1Generic, Rivers, Est. Flows, Waves, Quality, Transports 1Generic, Transport, Flows 1Global salinity, temperature 1Global wave model 1Mediterranean, Current predictions 1Nth East Atlantic, TSV 1Nth Sea & Global waves, forecast, hindcasts 1Nth Sea data & trends 1Nth Sea waves, swell data 1Nth Sea wind, wave, current data 1Nth Sea, Flood risk 1Nth Sea, Irish Sea Storm surge, elevation 1Nth Sea, Irish Sea levels & depths 1Nth Sea, Irish Sea, WQ processes 1Nth Sea, Wadden Sea , WQ 1Southern Nth Sea, Wave energy 1Southern Nth Sea, Navigational safety 1Southern Nth Sea, RS data 1Spills model, Nth Sea 1Spills model, Oil, Toxics 1Spills, Discharges, Estuaries, Shelf Seas 1

36

UK Storm surge model 1

Table 20e lists the responses describing operational numerical models. Since no two models are identical,every reply is singular. The models are listed in alphabetical order. From Table 7 we know that no Arctic orsea ice models are included, and there are no data from Norway or Sweden (Table 5). The range ofgeographical scales is impressive, and we know that in addition there are operational wind-wave modelsaround the coast of Spain. There is a concentration of data for the North Sea. Given the range of variableslisted in Tables 10, 11 and 12, there is a great deal of useful information contained on these data forms. Thedevelopment of operational modelling and forecasting is an extremely active sector, and we can expect acontinuous increase in the range of variables processed, which in turn will place an increased demand onobservations and instrumentation.

Table 20f

Device type No. of responsesCategory F - Information products and distribution N = 19Data product 7Presentation 2Data product, Distribution 1Data product, Presentation 1Data product, Service 1Data product, Service, Distribution 1Data product, Service, Data service 1Data product, Text, Service 1Data product, Text, Service, Distribution 1Distribution 1Service 1Service, Distribution 1

Table 20f shows the generic listing of data products. Most of the descriptive information is on the responseforms, and the variables processed are listed in Table 9.

Table 21

Table 21 below shows the acronym for the contact agency using different types of instruments, and thefrequency with which that type of device is reported. It also indicates where a single agency is using amultiplicity of instruments of the same generic type, possibly the same commercial brand. The range ofinstruments or platforms or models reported by a single agency gives an indication of the profile of interest ofthat agency.

Table 21a Generic instruments and other devices listed by frequency and category, and by agency usingthe device. See table 19 for agency acronyms

Category Agency Acronym Device type Number ofdevices

A BSH Logger 2A BSH Thermometer 2A BSH CTD 2A BSH CTD, Fluorimeter, Turbidity 1A BSH Current meter 1A BSH DO 1A BSH Radiation 1

37


A FIMR CTD 2A FIMR Current meter 1A FIMR Fluorimeter, Biomass 1A FIMR Level gauge 1A ICM Echosounder 5A ICM CTD 4A ICM Fluorimeter 3A ICM Gravitymeter 2A ICM Bathythermograph 1A ICM Magnetometer 1A ICM Nutrient analysis 1A ICM Particle counter 1A ICM Radiation 1A ICM Seismic 1A ICM Titroprocesator 1A ICM Current meter 1A IEO CTD 2A IEO Current gauge 1A IEO Current meter 1A IEO Level gauge 1A IFRE Acoustic 1A IFRE Biosensor 1A IFRE Current meter 1A IFRE Level gauge 1A IFRE Particle counter 1A IFRE Thermometer, Pressure 1A IFRE Wave buoy 1A IFRE WQ buoy 1A IMI Current meter 1A METEO Wave buoy 1A METO Meteorological 2A METO Thermometer 1A METO Surface drifting buoy 1A METO Meteorological, Wind speed 1A METO Heave sensor 1A METO Meteorological, Wind direction 1A MUMM Remote Sensing-Aerial 1A NRA Current meter 2A NRA Fluorimeter 2A NRA Remote sensing-Aerial 1A NRA WQ, Meteorological buoy 1A NRA Nutrient analysis 1A NRA DO, pH 1A NRA CTD 1A NRA Transmission 1A RDANH Current meter 3A RDANH CTD 2A RDANH Level gauge 2A RDANH Sonar 1A RIKZ Current Meter 6A RIKZ Wave buoy 6A RIKZ Level gauge 6A RIKZ Echosounder 3A RIKZ Remote sensing-Aerial 2A RIKZ Fluorimeter 2A RIKZ CTD 2A RIKZ Wave analysis, Radar 2A RIKZ Particle transport 1A RIKZ Transmission 1A RIKZ Thermometer 1A RIKZ Sonar (SS) 1

38


A RIKZ Remote Sensing-Satellite 1

A RIKZ Transmission, Turbidity 1A RIKZ Particle analysis 1A RIKZ Sonar 1A RIKZ Nutrient analysis 1A RIKZ Meteorological 1A RIKZ Light meter 1A RIKZ Levels, Altimeter 1A RIKZ Level gauge, Wave analysis 1A RIKZ CTD, Turbidity 1A RIKZ Corer 1A RIKZ Acoustic 1A RIKZ Particle mass 1A SOC Nutrient analysis 1A STNMT Wave buoy 1

Table 21b

Category Acronym Device type Number ofdevices

B BSH Fixed platform 2B BSH Surface moored buoy 2B BSH Towed undulating vehicle 1B BSH Coastal vessel 1B FIMR Ocean going ship 1B IBSR Fixed platform, Sea bed mounting 1B IBSR Surface moored buoy 1B ICM Ocean going ship 2B IEO Sub surface drifting buoy 1B IEO Sub surface drifting buoy 1B IFRE Sub surface moored buoy 2B IFRE Surface moored buoy 2B IFRE Surface drifting buoy 2B IFRE Fixed platform 1B IFRE Sub surface drifting buoy 1B IMI Coastal vessel 1B METO Surface moored buoy 3B NRA Aircraft 1B NRA Coastal vessel 1B NRA Surface moored buoy 1B NRA Towed undulating vehicle 1B RIKZ Ocan going ship 4B RIKZ Surface moored buoy 2B RIKZ Fixed platform 2B RIKZ Shore based mounting 2B RIKZ Surface moored buoy, Surface drifting

buoy1

B RIKZ Aircraft 1B SOC Towed undulating vehicle 1

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Table 21c


C BSH Diesel generator 1C BSH Equipment housing 1C BSH Mooring system 1C ICM GPS 2C IEO Acoustic release 1C IEO Pinger 1C IFRE Acoustic release 1C IMI Acoustic release 1C METO Safety device 2C METO Mooring system 1C METO Communications system 1C METO GPS 1C NRA GPS 2C NRA Navigation, Logger 1C RIKZ Diesel generator 3C RIKZ Calibration system 1C RIKZ Mooring system 1C RIKZ Platform ? 1

Table 21d


D IEO Telecom 1D IRFE Data assembly 2D IFRE Archive 1D METO Telecom 2D METO Data assembly 1D METO Message switch 1D MUMM Modelling 1D NRA Archive 3D RIKZ Data assembly 2D RIKZ Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Security,

Handling, QC1

D RIKZ Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Archive, QC,Modelling

1

D RIKZ Telecom, Assembly, Analysis, Archive, QC 1D RIKZ Data assembly, Analysis, Archive,

Handling, QC1

D RIKZ Archive, Handling 1D RIKZ Analysis, Archive, Handling, QC 1D RIKZ Telecom, Analysis, QC 1D RIKZ Telecom, Assembly, Archive, Handling, QC 1

Table 21e


E CNR Mediterranean, Current predictions 1E IFRE English Channel, Ecological models 1E IFRE North East Atlantic, TSV 1E METO UK Storm surge model 1E METO European wave model 1E METO Global salinity, temperature 1

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E METO Global wave model 1E MUMM Spills model, North Sea 1E MUMM North Sea waves, Swell data 1E MUMM North Sea, Flood risk 1E RIKZ North Sea, Irish Sea Storm surge, elevation 1E RIKZ Spills model, Oil, Toxics 1E RIKZ Southern North Sea, RS data 1E RIKZ Southern North Sea, Navigational safety 1E RIKZ Southern North Sea, Wave energy 1E RIKZ North Sea, Irish Sea levels & depths 1E RIKZ North Sea, Irish Sea, WQ processes 1E RIKZ Spills, Discharges, Estuaries, Shelf Seas 1E RIKZ North Sea data & trends 1E RIKZ North Sea & Global waves, forecast,

hindcasts1

E RIKZ Generic, Transport, Flows 1E RIKZ Generic, Rivers, Est. Flows, Waves,

Quality, Transports1

E RIKZ European Shelf, Transport, Plumes 1E RIKZ European Shelf, Storm surge prediction 1E RIKZ Dutch Coast, Transport paths, Distributions 1E RIKZ 3D flows, Estuaries, Shelf Seas 1E RIKZ North Sea, Wadden Sea, WQ 1E RIKZ North Sea wind, wave, current data 1

Table 21f


F FIMR Data product, Distribution 1F FIMR Service, Distribution 1F ICM Distribution 1F IEO Data product 1F METEO Data product, Text, Service 1F MEO Data product 1F MUMM Data product, Service, Data service 1F NRA Data product 3F NRA Data product, Service, Distribution 1F NRA Presentation 1F RDANH Data product, Service 1F RIKZ Data product 1F RIKZ Data product, Presentation 1F RIKZ Data product, Text, Service, Distribution 1F RIKZ Presentation 1F RIKZ Service 1F STNMT Data product 1

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Table 22 Instruments in Category A listed in alphabetical order, showing operational status, generictype, agency using the instrument, and the EuroGOOS survey form number

Device type Status Device name Survey form No.Acoustic i) Fully operational SUSLOS - Sound Velocimeter 085-IFRE-AAcoustic i) Fully operational Odom Digiber 253-RIKZ-ABathythermograph i) Fully operational Thermosalinography 126-ICM-ABiosensor i) Fully operational RLM Biointegrateur 099-IFRE-ACorer i) Fully operational Coring systems 060-RIKZ-ACTD i) Fully operational CTDO2 019-IEO-ACTD i) Fully operational Falmouth ICTD 018-IEO-ACTD i) Fully operational CTD system 059-RIKZ-ACTD iii ) Working model M E Meerestechnik

Ecomemory063-RIKZ-A

CTD i) Fully operational CTD MK-III 008-FIMR-ACTD i) Fully operational Seabird 911+ CTD 007-FIMR-ACTD i) Fully operational Conductivity sensor 226-BSH-ACTD i) Fully operational CTD Seabird 25 123-ICN-ACTD i) Fully operational CTD Mark IIIB EG&G 124-ICM-ACTD i) Fully operational Salinometer 128-ICM-ACTD i) Fully operational Aquapack 135-NRA-ACTD i) Fully operational Conductivity sensor 225-BSH-ACTD Seacat Seabird SST 122-ICM-ACTD i) Fully operational Seabird SBE9-O 245-RDAN-ACTD i) Fully operational Meerestechnik ECO 246-RDAN-ACTD, Fluorimeter,Turbidity

i) Fully operational Delphin 235-BSH-A

CTD, Turbidity i) Fully operational Datasonde 3 056-RIKZ-ACurrent gauge iii) Working model ADCP 020-IEO-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational S4 Current Meter 142-NRA-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational RCM4 Current Meter 141-NRA-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational ADCP VM-150 120-ICM-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational Aanderaa 2740 & 3590 248-RDAN-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational Aanderaa DCM12 249-RDAN-ACurrent meter ii) Undergoing trials ADCP 062-RIKZ-ACurrent meter ii) Undergoing trials ADV Ocean Probe 061-RIKZ-ACurrent meter ii) Undergoing trials UCM 60H 054-RIKZ-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational MC360C - Current Meter 086-IFRE-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational P-EMS 177-RIKZ-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational Current Meter 017-IEO-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational Aanderaa DCM12 016-RDAN-ACurrent meter iv) Research mode Sediment Correlation Profiler

(SCP)211-RIKZ-A

Current meter iii) Working model Correlation Current Profiler(CCP)

212-RIKZ-A

Current meter i) Fully operational ACDP (Hull mounted) 222-IMI-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational RDI ADCP 009-FIMR-ACurrent meter i) Fully operational Current sensor 228-BSH-ADO i) Fully operational Oxygen sensor 227-BSH-ADO, pH i) Fully operational Chemitracka 137-NRA-AEchosounder i) Fully operational Echosounder ED-500 121-ICM-AEchosounder i) Fully operational Atlas-DESO 25 252-RIKZ-AEchosounder ii) Undergoing trials Bathyscan Interferometric

SwathSounder257-RIKZ-A

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Device type Status Device name Survey form No.Echosounder i) Fully operational EM1000 Multibeam

echosounder103-ICM-A

Echosounder i) Fully operational Edo Western 515, Deep SeaEchoSounder

255-RIKZ-A

Echosounder i) Fully operational EA500 - Hydrographicechosounder

105-ICM-A

Echosounder i) Fully operational Multibeam SIMRADEM125120

102-ICM-A

Echosounder i) Fully operational EK-500 104-ICM-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Fluorometer 130-ICM-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Fluorimeter 140-NRA-AFluorimeter ii) Undergoing trials PAM fluorometer 117-RIKZ-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Aquatracka III 136-NRA-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Spectrofluorometer 133-ICM-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Fluorometer 129-ICM-AFluorimeter i) Fully operational Aquatracka, fluorometer 116-RIKZ-AFluorimeter,Biomass

i) Fully operational Flow-throughchlorophyllmeasurement

012-FIMR-A

Gravitymeter i) Fully operational Marine gravitymeter BGM-3 109-ICM-AGravitymeter i) Fully operational WORDEN Master gravity

meter108-ICM-A

Heave sensor i) Fully operational Heave sensor Mk. II 039-METO-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Lang Wave Logger 173-RIKZ-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational DNM 162-RIKZ-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Step gauge Etrometa 164-RIKZ-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Level-Log 174-RIKZ-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Tide gauge 021-IEO-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Step gauge 'Marine 300' 163-RIKZ-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational ORTM - Offshore Radio Tide

Meter172-RIKZ-A

Level gauge i) Fully operational OT 660S Tide Gauge 084-IFRE-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Sonor Research 4PTM-01 015-RDAN-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Mareographs 010-FIMR-ALevel gauge i) Fully operational Aanderaa WLR 7 250-RDAN-ALevel gauge,Wave analysis

i) Fully operational Marine 300 052-RIKZ-A

Levels, Altimeter iii) Working model Radar Altimeter 064-RIKZ-ALight meter i) Fully operational LI-COR 1925 Quantum Sensor 055-RIKZ-ALogger i) Fully operational Data logger 240-BSH-ALogger ii) Undergoing trials Data logger 241-BSH-AMagnetometer i) Fully operational Magnetometer 107-ICM-AMeteorological i) Fully operational PCRC-11 Humidity Sensor 045-METO-A

Annexe 1 - Contact addresses forEuroGOOS Members

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Chairman EuroGOOSProfessor J D WoodsDept of Earth Resources EngineeringImperial College, Royal School of MinesPrince Consort RoadLondon SW7 2BPTel: +171 594 7414Fax: +171 594 7403E-mail: [email protected]

Director EuroGOOSDr Nicholas C FlemmingRoom 346/01, Southampton Oceanography CentreEmpress Dock, European WaySouthampton SO14 3ZHTel: +1703 596242Fax: +1703 596399E-mail: [email protected]

BelgiumEric DelhezUniversity of LiègeGeohydrohynamics & Environment Research(GHER)Sart Tilman B5B-4000 LiegeTel: +32 43 66 33 55Fax: +32 43 66 23 55E-mail: [email protected]

Dr G PichotPrime Minister's ServicesManagement Unit of the North Sea MathematicalModels (MUMM)Gulledelle 100B-1200 BruxellesTel: +32 2 7732111Fax: +32 2 7706972E-mail: [email protected]

DenmarkDr Peter AakjaerDMILyngbyvej 100DK-2100 CopenhagenTel: 45 3915 7441Fax: 45 3915 1460E-mail: [email protected]

Dr Erik BuchRoyal Danish Administration of Navigation andHydrographyP O Box 1919DK 1023 Copenhagen KTel: +45 32 68 95 00Fax: +45 31 57 43 41E-mail: [email protected]

FinlandHannu GrönvallFinnish Institute of Marine ResearchPO Box 33FIN-00931HelsinkiTel: +358 9 613941Fax: +358 9 613 94494E-mail: [email protected]

François GerardMétéo France1 quai Branly75340 Paris Cedex 07Tel: +331 45 56 70 24Fax: +331 45 56 70 05E-mail: [email protected]

Prof Michel GlassIFREMERTechnopolis 40155, rue Jean Jacques Rousseau92138 Issy-les-MoulineauxTel: +331 4648 2222Fax: +331 4648 2224E-mail: [email protected]

GermanyProf Dieter KohnkeBundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie(BSH)Bernhard-Nocht-Str. 78D. 20305 HamburgTel: +49 40 3190 3400Fax: +49 40 3190 5000E-mail:

[email protected]

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GreeceDr G TriantafyllouInstitution of Marine Biology of Crete (IMBC)PO Box 2214, Heraklion 71003CreteTel: +3081 242022Fax: +3081 241882E-mail: [email protected]

Dr C TziavosNational Centre for Marine ResearchAg. Kosmas166 04 EllinikoTel: +301 98 88 444Fax: +301 98 33 095 / 98 11 713E-mail: [email protected]

IrelandBronwyn CahillIsmaréMarine Institute80 Harcourt StreetDublin 2Tel: 353 1 4757100Fax: 353 1 4757104E-mail: [email protected]

ItalyMs Maria Dalla CostaHead, Unit for International ProgrammesDevelopmentEnvironment Dept. S.P. 069ENEA - CasacciaVia Anguillarese 30100060 S.M. di GaleriaRomeTel: +39 6 30483946/3092/3951Fax: 39 6 30483594E-mail: [email protected]

Dr Silvana VallergaCNREuroufficio - A RI GEVia De Marini 616146 GenovaTel: +39 335 30 3130 ,+39 783 22027Fax: +39 10 6475 800; 39 783 22002E-mail: [email protected]

NetherlandsDr Leendert J DroppertNational Institute for Coastal and MarineManagement/RIKZDirectoraat-Generaal RijkswaterstaatPO Box 209072500 EX The HagueTel: +31 70 3114551Fax: +31 70 3114321/+31 70 3114600E-mail: [email protected]

Dr Jan H StelDirector, Netherlands Geosciences FoundationPO Box 931202509 AC The HagueTel: +31 70 344 07 80Fax: +31 70 383 21 73E-mail: [email protected]

Dr J P van der MeulenKNMIPO Box 2013730 AE De BiltThe NetherlandsTel: +31 30 2206432Fax: +31 30 2210849E-mail: [email protected]

NorwayArne Grammeltvedt, DirectorDNMI Norwegian Meteorological InstitutePO Box 43Blindern0313 OsloTel: +47 22 96 30 00Fax: +47 22 96 30 50E-mail: [email protected]

Prof Ola M JohannessenNansen Environmental and Remote SensingCenterEdvard Griegsvei 3aN-5037 SolheimsvikenTel: +47 55 29 72 88Fax: +47 5520 0050E-mail: [email protected]

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Mr Roald SaetreResearch DirectorInstitute of Marine ResearchPO Box 1870 Nordnes5024 BergenTel: +47 55 23 8500Fax: +47 55 23 85 84E-mail: [email protected]

PolandMr Wlodzimierz KrzyminskiInstitute of Meteorology and Water ManagementMaritime BranchWaszyngtona 4281-342 GdyniaTel: +48 58 20 52 21Fax: +48 58 20 71 01E-mail: [email protected]

Dr Jan PiechuraInstitute of OceanologyPolish Academy of SciencesPowstanców Warszawy 5581-712 SopotTel: +48 58 517281Fax: +48 58 512130E-mail: [email protected]

RussiaDr Vladimir E RyabininHydrometeorological Centre of the RussianFederation9-13 Bolshoy Predtechensky Per.12324 MoscowTel: (+ 7 095) 2552178Fax: (+ 7 095) 2551582E-mail: [email protected]

SpainDr Gregorio ParrillaInstituto Espanol de Oceanografia (CICYT)Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y AlimentacionCorazon de Maria 8-128002 MadridTel: +34 1 347 3608Fax: +34 1 413 5597E-mail: [email protected]

Sr A Ruiz de ElviraPuertos del EstadoClima MarítimoAvda. del Partenón 10E-28042 MadridTel: +341 524 5568, +341 524 5500Fax: 341 524 5506, 341 524 5502E-mail: [email protected]

SwedenHans DahlinSwedish Meteorological and HydrologicalInstituteS-601 76 NorrköpingTel: +46 11 15 83 05Fax: +46 11 15 83 50E-mail: [email protected]

TurkeyProf Umit UnluataDirectorInstitute of Marine SciencesMETUPK 28 Erdemli, Icel 33731Tel: 90-324-521-2406Fax: 90-324-521-2327E-mail: [email protected]

UKDr Howard CattleHead, Ocean ApplicationsMeteorological OfficeLondon RoadBracknellBerkshire RG12 2SZTel: direct: +44 1344 856209Fax: +44 1344 854898E-mail: [email protected]

Mr David PalmerNational Centre for Instrumentation and MarineSurveillanceRivers HouseLower Bristol RoadBathAvon BA2 9ESTel: +44 1278 457333 Ext. 4237Fax: +44 1225 469939E-mail: [email protected]

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Prof J G ShepherdSouthampton Oceanography CentreEmpress Dock, European WaySouthampton SO14 3ZH

Tel: +1703-595106Fax: +1703-595107E-mail: [email protected]

Annexe 2 - EuroGOOS Variable List

A. Surface Fields

1. Sea surface temperature2. Sea surface wind stress3. Current velocity4. Current direction5. Heat flux6. Moisture flux7. Precipitation8. Sea surface salinity9. Wave spectrum10. Wave direction spectrum11. Waves Hs12. Wave Period13. Wave swell14. Sea surface CO2

15. Sea surface GHGs

B. Sea Surface Topography

16. Hourly mean sea level17. Marine geoid18. Monthly mean sea level19. Sea level anomaly20. Oceanic tides21. Geostrophic currents22. Meteorological forcing

C. Upper Layer Fields

23. XBT sections24. XCTD sections25. Tropical upper ocean, structure26. Upper ocean heat content27. Upper ocean salinity28. Upper ocean fresh water29. Upper ocean heat transport30. Upper ocean heat flux31. Fresh water transport32. Fresh water flux33. Salt transport34. Salt flux35. Buoyancy flux36. Upper ocean velocity fields37. Momentum fields38. Surface currents39. Upwelling velocities40. Downwelling velocities41. Eddies, jets, fronts42. Carbon transport43. Carbon inventory44. Carbon budgets

D. Sea Ice

45. Extent, boundary, leads, %46. Concentration47. Surface ice state48. Surface ice roughness49. Thickness50. Temperature51. Air, sea, ice, temperatures52. Ice motion53. Albedo54. Snow on ice55. Water on ice

E. Ice Shelves

56. Extent, boundary57. Topography58. Roughness59. Surface state60. Bottom topography61. Snow line62. Mass balance63. Albedo64. Surface temperature65. Surface ice velocity66. Sub-shelf ocean circulation

F. Icebergs

67. Numbers68. Distribution69. Trajectories70. Area, volume

G. Deep Ocean

71. CTD sections72. Deep ocean salinity73. Deep ocean ht storage74. Deep ocean carbon storage75. Deep ocean water storage76. Ocean tracers77. Ocean boundary currents78. Inter-basin straits currents

H. Sea Bed

79. Bathymetry80. Surface outcrops81. Surface sediments82. Gridded bathymetry83. Gravity84. Magnetics85. Heat flow

47

I. Coastal & Shelf

86. Coastline map87. Hinterland topography88. Coastal bathymetry89. Shelf bathymetry90. Tidal constants91. Tidal ellipses92. Stratification93. River runoff94. Land non-river runoff95. Sediment transport96. Wetlands characteristics

J. Bio-Geochemical

97. Chlorophyll98. Nitrate99. Phosphate100. Oxygen101. Silicate102. Iron103. Biological pigments104. Pathogens105. Synthetic organics106. Artificial radionuclides107. Petroleum hydrocarbons108. Pesticides & Herbicides109. Trace metals110. PAHs111. Pharmaceutical wastes112. Phytoplankton113. Zooplankton114. Carbon dioxide115. Tritium116. Aquatic toxins117. Human health risks118. Suspended sediments

K. Optics

119. Incident light spectrum120. Depth of photic zone121. Transmissivity122. RS reflected light spectrum123. Phosphorescence124. Bioluminescence125. Secchi disk depth

L. Acoustics

126. Sound velocity profiles127. Sound ray paths128. Acoustic scattering129. Reverberation characteristics130. Ambient noise spectrum131. Anthropogenic noise132. Seabed acoustic prop's133. Acoustic tomography134. Acoustic thermometry135. Acoustic models (shelf)136. Acoustic models (oceanic)

M. Data Structure

137. Year-long time series138. Decadal time series139. Multi-decade time series140. Climatic statistics141. Spatial statistics142. Past model outputs143. Composite multi-parameter products144. Spectra or other reduced statistics

N. Hinterland

145. Coastal land use146. Vegetation cover147. Agricultural crops148. Urbanisation149. Population density150. Industrial characteristics

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Bundesamt für Seeschiffahrt und Hydrographie (BSH), GermanyComision Interministerial de Ciencia y Technologie (CICYT), SpainConsiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), ItalyDanish Meteorological Institute, DenmarkENEA, ItalyEnvironment Agency (EA) (formerly NRA), UKFinnish Institute of Marine Research, FinlandGeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research (GHER), BelgiumIFREMER, FranceInstitute of Marine Research, Bergen, NorwayInstitute of Marine Sciences, TurkeyInstitute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, PolandInstitution of Marine Biology of Crete, GreeceInstituto Español de Oceanografia (IEO), SpainKoninklijk Nederlands Meteorolologisch Instituut (KNMI), NetherlandsMarine Institute, IrelandMétéo FranceMeteorological Office, UKMUMM, Department of Environment, BelgiumNansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, NorwayNational Centre for Marine Research of GreeceNational Institute for Coastal and Marine Management (RIKZ), Rijkswaterstaat, NetherlandsNatural Environment Research Council (NERC), UKNetherlands Geosciences Foundation (GOA), NetherlandsNorwegian Meteorological Institute (DNMI), NorwayPolish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, Maritime Branch, PolandPuertos del Estado, Clima Marítimo, SpainRoyal Danish Administration of Navigation and Hydrography, DenmarkRussian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), RussiaSwedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Sweden

The EuroGOOS Marine Technology Surveyeurogoos.eu/download/reference_documents_/Pub_4Marine... · 2018-08-14 · EuroGOOS Personnel Chairman J D Woods Imperial College, London, UK

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