The Enlightenment in Europe Chapter 6.2. Learning Targets I can………………………….. 1) Define the term Enlightenment 2) Identify the historical time periods in.

The Enlightenment in The Enlightenment in EuropeEurope

Chapter 6.2Chapter 6.2

Learning Targets

I can…………………………..1) Define the term “Enlightenment”2) Identify the historical time periods in which

the Enlightenment took place.3) Summarize the reasons that the

Enlightenment took place.4) Identify Enlightenment thinkers and

describe their ideas.5) Analyze the effects of the Enlightenment on

Europe.

Discussion Questions:

What views or traditional social ideas are being challenged today?

Who are the people in which traditional ideas originate? Who are the individuals or groups who seem to be pressing for change?

EnlightenmentEnlightenment

A revolution in intellectual A revolution in intellectual activity changes Europeans’ activity changes Europeans’ view of government and society.view of government and society.

Scientific, political and social Scientific, political and social changes would occur as result of changes would occur as result of the Enlightenment,the Enlightenment,

Reasons for the Enlightenment

1) The Renaissance led to secularism, an emphasis on the worldly matters and included pursuing human achievement.

2) The Reformation- Church political power had weakened as a result of scandals.

3) Humanism led to the scientific Revolution which emphasized experimentation and reason.

4) Political changes- People were tired of absolutism and began to challenge it.

5) Reason- people sought reasoning in science and political matters.

Views on GovernmentViews on Government

Europeans seek insights into Europeans seek insights into society during the 1600’s and society during the 1600’s and 1700’s1700’s

Leads to the Enlightenment - a Leads to the Enlightenment - a movement stressing reason and movement stressing reason and thoughtthought

Hobbes’s Social ContractHobbes’s Social Contract Hobbes distrusts humans, favors Hobbes distrusts humans, favors

strong government to keep orderstrong government to keep order Promotes social contract – getting Promotes social contract – getting

order by giving power to monarchorder by giving power to monarch

Locke’s Natural RightsLocke’s Natural Rights

Philosopher John Locke says government Philosopher John Locke says government gets power from the peoplegets power from the people

Stresses that the people have the right to Stresses that the people have the right to overthrow an unjust governmentoverthrow an unjust government

Philosophes Advocates ReasonPhilosophes Advocates Reason The philosophes are French social critics The philosophes are French social critics

in the mid-1700sin the mid-1700s Value reason, nature, happiness, Value reason, nature, happiness,

progress, and libertyprogress, and liberty

Voltaire Voltaire Voltaire – influential philosophe, pen name Voltaire – influential philosophe, pen name

of Francois Marie Arouetof Francois Marie Arouet Publishes many work arguing for Publishes many work arguing for

tolerance, reasontolerance, reason Makes powerful enemies and is Makes powerful enemies and is

imprisoned twice for his viewsimprisoned twice for his views

MontesquieuMontesquieu

French writer who admires Britain’s French writer who admires Britain’s government systemgovernment system

Favors separation of powers to keep one Favors separation of powers to keep one body form running governmentbody form running government

RousseauRousseau Philosophe who favors individual freedom, Philosophe who favors individual freedom,

direct democracy direct democracy Views social contract as agreement by Views social contract as agreement by

free people to form governmentfree people to form government

BeccariaBeccaria

Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria works Italian philosopher Cesare Beccaria works to reform justice systemto reform justice system

Calls for speedy trails, greater rights for Calls for speedy trails, greater rights for criminal defendantscriminal defendants

Mary WollstonecraftMary Wollstonecraft

Urges greater rights for womenUrges greater rights for women Argues that women need education Argues that women need education

to be virtuous and usefulto be virtuous and useful

Urges women to go into Urges women to go into traditionally male traditionally male professions like politicsprofessions like politics

Some wealthy women use Some wealthy women use their status to spread their status to spread enlightenment ideasenlightenment ideas

Legacy of the EnlightenmentLegacy of the Enlightenment

Philosophes are not activists, Philosophes are not activists, but inspire others to begin major but inspire others to begin major revolutionsrevolutions

Scientific breakthroughs show Scientific breakthroughs show human capacity to improve human capacity to improve societysociety

Secular outlook – new ideas Secular outlook – new ideas question religious ideasquestion religious ideas

Many people openly question Many people openly question beliefs and practices of beliefs and practices of ChristianityChristianity

Importance of the IndividualImportance of the Individual

People place more importance People place more importance on individual rights and abilitieson individual rights and abilities

Reason becomes central Reason becomes central concept for philosophers and concept for philosophers and rulersrulers

Which definition best explains the Enlightenment?

25% 25%25%25%1. Accepting traditional ideas with little or no experimentation.

2. Challenging existing political, social and scientific ideas using reason and science.

3. Using a combination of religious and scientific ideas in order to arrive at conclusions.

4. Applying Roman and Greek philosophies in order to validate previous conclusions.

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When did the Enlightenment take place?

25% 25%25%25%1. After the decline of the Roman Empire

2. During the start of the 15th century.

3. After Columbus’ voyage to the new world.

4. During the 1600-1700’s.

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Which of the following is not a reason that the Enlightenment took place?

25% 25%25%25%1. Church political power was weakened.

2. Secularism led people to worldly ideas.

3. Kings pushed for political reform.

4. Scientific ideas centered around reason and experimentation.

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Lets play the Enlightenment game

Identify the Enlightenment thinker who is being portrayed in the skit…………Explain why this is the correct thinker.