The English Colonies • Business colonies • Religious colonies • Refuge colony • Competing with the French & Spanish • 3 distinct Regions • New England • Middle • Southern
Jan 03, 2016
The English Colonies • Business
colonies• Religious
colonies• Refuge colony• Competing with
the French & Spanish
• 3 distinct Regions• New England• Middle• Southern
Colonial Governments
• Charters from the King• Self-Governing• Assembly• Elected members• Made laws for the colony
• Governor• Appointed by the King• Power to overrule the
assembly
• Free, white, land-owning men• Church members
New England Colonies
• Long, cold winters• Rocky, hilly
wilderness• Forests/lumbering• Ship building
• Ocean/fishing• Trade• Small farms
Massachusetts • Puritans• Church of England
• Separatists• Holland
• Desire for English upbringing• 1620, 50 Pilgrims
sailed on Mayflower• William Bradford
• Mayflower Compact• Plymouth • Friendly Natives teach
survival skills
• Massachusetts Bay Colony• 1630• John Winthrop
• Puritans• King happy
• Bible based government• Forced all to attend
church
Rhode Island
• Roger Williams• Believed in religious freedom• Fled south & lived with
Natives
• Providence• Others join him
• Portsmouth• Anne Hutchinson
• “The Sewer of New England”• Cotton Mather• Slave Trade
Connecticut • Thomas Hooker• Puritan clergyman• Disagreed with laws of the
colony• 100 follow him
• Hartford• 1639• Joined with 2 other
settlements
• Fundamental Orders• Male church members
• 1662, Charles II grants charter• Tried to revoke 15 years later
Middle Colonies• Rich, coastal soil• Valleys• Wooded mountains• Lumbering • Ship building
• Wide variety of crops and livestock• Diversity
New York• Duke of York• Gave large estates to wealthy• Inequity of wealth discouraged
settlement• Appointed officials• Issued his own laws• Set tax rates
• New Jersey• York gives the land to two friends
• 1st New York Assembly (abolished)
• 15 laws chartering citizens rights (1683)
• Rights to elect leaders, trial by jury and freedom of religion
• (1691) Assembly reestablished through rebellion
Pennsylvania• William Penn
• Charles II grants charter• Charles II owed a large sum to his
father• Charles II eager to get rid of him• Land between Purtian North and
Anglican South
• Quakers (Society of Friends)
• Simple life of equality
• Refused to bow to the king, pay taxes to the Church of England or fight in war.
• Charles II jailed him for preaching
• Great Law of 1682• All faiths to be treated equally
• Philadelphia• City of Brotherly Love• 1st democracy in America
Southern Colonies
• Broad rivers• Wetlands• Rich soil• Humid climate• Cash crops• Plantations
Maryland• George Calvert, Lord
Baltimore• Roman Catholic businessman• Charles I grants charter
• Catholic freedom• Governor Leonard Calvert • Instructed by his brother to treat
Protestants fairly
• Act Concerning Religion (1649)• Protestants were outnumbering
Catholics• Law guaranteeing religious
freedom to Christians
Virginia• Jamestown booms
• Descendants are now wealthy landowners
• Tobacco booms• Requires many workers• Natives not used to the lifestyle and
died from diseases
• Indentured Servants• Men, women & children come over• Africans • Several years of service• Freedom, land, tools & seeds
• Slavery• Twice as expensive as indentured
servants• Virginia laws proclaim African workers
service, lifelong • Wives
Atlantic Slave Trade
• Spreads from Virginia to all colonies• North finds paid labour cheaper• South dependent on agricultural
labour of cash crops • Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
• West African markets• Middle passage• Skilled servants• Nurses, midwives, • carpenters, blacksmiths
Georgia• James Oglethorpe• Wealthy English donate money
for a debtors colony• King George II • Barrier to Spanish expansion
• Prison colony• fail
• Adventurers• Protestant, Catholic & Jew
• Oglethorpe banned • Alcohol and slavery• He goes bankrupt
• Spainards• Attacked settlement frequently• No colony offered help
Colonial Life Journal
1. Choose 4/7 PIRATES strategy components
2. Write 3 sentences for each component.
3. Clearly communicate the POV you choose.
Comparison Chart
Colony 1st Permanent Settlement
Reason Founded
Founders or Leader
New England
Middle
Southern
Due the Day before the test
Living the Life• 17 years old• Pockets full of clothes• Stumbles upon printer’s
assistant job• In less than 10years
opens his own newspaper
• Prints best selling almanac
• Retires at age 42• Spends rest of his life
forming the foundation of the United States of America.
Farm Life• 90% of population • Raised or made all they
need• Clear the land• Single room with one
fireplace• Burns continuously
• Trundle beds for children• Heavy iron pots for
cooking• Work from dawn to dusk
City life• 5% of the population• Port cities• Marketplaces down from
the docks• Shop-lined streets• Noisy and smelly• Homes are very close
together• Torch lights• Fire buckets
Colonial Rights
• English citizens• They expected to have a
voice in government
• Magna Carta (Great Charter)• 1215-King John • Limited power to
monarchs
• Parliament• 1265-Body of
representatives to approve laws proposed by monarch
• Glorious Revolution• James II didn’t want to
share power• His daughter and her
husband are offered the throne in exchange for signing:
• English Bill of Rights• Parliament has the power
to make laws and pass taxes
• People have the right to petition the king
• Right to trial by jury
• Colonists are shocked to have their rights violated
Colonial Courts
• Colonial assemblies passed their own laws• Death penalties • Murder, treason, piracy,
denying God, striking or cursing your parents
• Jail, whipping, branding• Theft, highway robbery, forgery
• Fines, jail, public humiliation, stocks• Drunkeness, breaking Sabbath
• Puritans• Strictest laws• Based on their interpretation of
the Bible
Salem• Puritan rule• Signs of Satan’s influence• Ruled by a council of church
elders
• Blue Laws (Sunday Laws)• Mandatory church attendance• No work or play• Some are still on the books
today
• Witch Trials-1691• Young girls acting oddly• Girls accuse neighbors• 20 die before realizing the
girls are lieing
Society Strata• Class• Determined by family name
and wealth in England
• Colonial America provided for upward mobility• Hard work• marriage
• “Clothing makes the man”• Gentry wore ornamental
clothing• Some colonies forbid
ornamental decoration
• Gentry class• Large land holdings
• English civil servants
• Middle class• Farmers ~ landowners
• Artisans ~ business owners
• Brightly colored clothes during the week
• Dark colors on Sunday
• Lower class• Farmhands/workers
• Depend on others for their wages
• Could not vote
• Servant class• Indentured
• Slaves
Religion• Puritan• Drums or a horn called people
to church• Town meeting house for day
long services• “Seating Committee”• “Captains of the Watch”
• 1st Great Awakening• People had lost their faith• Preachers traveled to towns for
outdoor “revivals”• Spread the idea that all are
equal in the eyes of God• Lays the ground work for the
American Revolution
Education• New England colonies • Towns required to maintain public
schools• Puritans want children to read
God’s word
• 1647-Massachusetts law requires villages to hire teachers
• Parents contribute to the school
• Middle Colonies• Religious differences make it
difficult to create a curriculum• Church schools
• Southern Colonies• Neighbors hire a teacher• Wealthy have tutors in their home
Family • Extended families• 7-10 children• Around ½ of children died • Shameful to turn away needy
relatives
• Middle & Southern Colonies• Highest death rates
• Marriage• Early to mid-20’s, average age• Remarried quickly after death of
a spouse• Men outnumbered women
Leisure• Bees and Frolics• Shared work and meals• German house or barn raisings
• Toys• Dolls, marbles & tops
• Games• Tag, cricket, sledding• Cards (forbidden by Puritans)
• Fairs• Sports• Bowling Green• Backgammon, billiards • Fox hunting, horse racing
Food • Indian influence• corn
• Meat• Deer, rabbits, birds• Pigs, cattle, chicken
• Spices• Covered the taste of old meat
• Fruits• Apples, grapes, berries
• Vegetables thought to be unhealthy
• Native crops• stews
• Iron Pots • Simmering 24 hours
History Kitchen1.Research colonial
meals and choose 1or 2 dishes to cook.
2.Prepare the meal by recipe
3.Report out on the meal1. Taste
2. Texture
3. Likeability
4. When would you serve this?
5. Who’s most likely to love it AND who’s most likely to hate it? WHY?
Come to Bowling GreenAnswer both questions complete
paragraphs using the terms and ideas presented in this unit.
1. Apply the themes of this unit to your hometown. Use the terms listed below to write a single paragraph description of the town where you currently live. Include the name of your city and state.
Place, Region, Relative location, Physical system and
Human systems.
2. Convince someone to move to another U.S. city. Use the terms listed below to write a single paragraph description of the town where you currently live. Include the name of your city and state.
Place, Region, Relative location, Physical system and
Human systems.
Document Study1. Explain what this document tells you about life in the English Colonies.
What is one research question that this document could help you answer? Explain how this document could help answer that question.
2. Paraphrase the most important information in the document using your own words.
What is one question that this document leaves unanswered? Describe another document that might help you answer this question.