The English art in the 19th century

Art

Cinema Literature Theatre

Painting Architecture

The 19th century is in the first place Victorian architecture(the name "Victorian" refers to the reign of Queen Victoria,1837 –1901, during which period the styles known asVictorian were used in construction. However, manyelements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecturedid not become popular until later in Victoria's reign. Thestyles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals ofhistoric styles mixed with the introduction of middle eastand Asian influences. The dominant direction of this periodin the British Empire was neo-Gothic, entire neighborhoodsin this style have been preserved practically in all the formerBritish colonies. For British India also characteristic to Indo-Saracenic Revival style (free combination of neo-Gothicbuilding with national elements, for example: orient).

Realism is presented landscape painting. English artists is the general attempt to depict subjects as they are considered to exist in third person objective reality, without embellishment or interpretation and "in accordance with secular, empirical rules, but at the same time artists have tried to make pictures romantic nature, the charm of nature ,invisible charm. Representatives of John Constable, Joseph Mallord William Turner

Established in the 1840s, dominated English art in the second half of the 19th century. Its members —William Holman Hunt; Dante Gabriel Rossetti; John Everett Millais and others —concentrated on religious, literary, and genre works executed in a colorful and minutely detailed almost photographic style.

•Joseph Mallord William Turner ( 1775 – 1851) was an English Romantic landscape painter, water-colourist, and printmaker. Turner was considered a controversial figure in his day, but is now regarded as the artist who elevated landscape painting to an eminence rivallinghistory painting. Although renowned for his oil paintings, Turner is also one of the greatest masters of British watercolour landscape painting. He is commonly known as "the painter of light" and his work is regarded as a Romantic preface to Impressionism.

Ford Madox Brown

He was the artist who illustrated Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass

Charles John Huffam Dickens (7 February 1812 –9 June 1870) was an English writer and social critic who is generally regarded as the greatest novelist of the Victorian period and the creator of some of the world's most memorable fictional characters. During his lifetime Dickens's works enjoyed unprecedented popularity and fame, and by the twentieth century his literary genius was fully recognized by critics and scholars. His novels and short stories continue to enjoy an enduring popularity among the general reading public.

Notable works :The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, David Copperfield, Bleak House, Hard Times, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations

William Makepeace Thackeray (1811 – 1863) was an English novelist of the 19th century. He was famous for his satirical works, particularly Vanity Fair, a panoramic portrait of English society.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 –1834) was an English poet, literary critic and philosopher who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake Poets. He is probably best known for his poems The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as for his major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work, especially on Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-speaking culture.

Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (1854 -1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams and plays, and the circumstances of his imprisonment which was followed by his early death.

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle ( 1859 –1930) was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, generally considered a milestone in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, plays, romances, poetry, non-fiction and historical novels.

Origins and silent films)

Cinematograph Camera

The first moving picture was shot in Leeds by Louis Le Prince in 1888 and the first moving pictures developed on celluloid film were made in Hyde Park, London in 1889 by William Friese Greene, a British inventor, who patented the process in 1890.

The first people to build and run a working 35 mm camera in Britain were Robert W. Paul and Birt Acres. They made the first British film Incident at ClovellyCottage in February 1895, shortly before falling out over the camera's patent. Soon several British film companies had opened to meet the demand for new films, such as Mitchell and Kenyon in Blackburn.

- At this time, popular classical works (Shakespeare andclassic English drama) and works of new genres (burletta andmelodrama)- A change came in the late 19th century with the plays on

the London stage by the Irishmen George Bernard Shaw andOscar Wilde and the Norwegian Henrik Ibsen, all of whominfluenced domestic English drama and vitalised it again.- Carte built the Savoy Theatre in 1881 to present their joint

works, and through the inventor of electric light Sir JosephSwan, the Savoy was the first theatre, and the first publicbuilding in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity.- The Shakespeare Memorial Theatre was opened in

Shakespeare's birthplace Stratford-upon-Avon in 1879.- Herbert Beerbohm Tree founded an Academy of Dramatic

Art at Her Majesty's Theatre in 1904.

Сharacteristics (changes and events) :

Producer Richard D'Oyly Carte brought together librettist W. S. Gilbert and composer Arthur Sullivan, and nurtured their collaboration. Among Gilbert and Sullivan's best known comic operas are H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado.

H.M.S. Pinafore The Mikado The Pirates of Penzance

The story concerns Frederic, who, having completed his 21st year, is released from his apprenticeship to a band of tender-hearted pirates.

The story takes place aboard the British ship H.M.S. Pinafore. The captain's daughter, Josephine, is in love with a lower-class sailor, Ralph Rackstraw, although her father intends her to marry Sir Joseph Porter, the First Lord of the Admiralty…

Medieval Japan. The son of the Emperor Mikado, Prince runs away from the Palace, in order to avoid a marriage with Katicha, elderly «masculine» lady of the Imperial entourage. During his travels he meets beauty Yum-Yum. They fall in love with each other, but before they can expect a lot of testing because he is the son of the Emperor and she peasant woman